Charinus ferreus, Giupponi & Miranda, 2016

Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce de Leão & Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, 2016, Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arαchnidα: Amblypygi: Chαrinidαe) Endemic for the Brαziliαn Amαzon, with Notes on Their Conservαtionαl Stαtus, PLoS ONE (e 0148277) 1892 (2), pp. 1-33 : 21-23

Charinus ferreus new species. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1F69E8D1-EDAB-488C-A831-DD5F9E7C2586

( Figs 10A–10F , 2G, 3G and 4H)

Etymology. The species name derives from Latin ferrum, referring to the iron ore cave from where this species were collected dwells.

Type Material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: Serra de Carajás, FLONA de Carajás, Gruta S 11 D64, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (Female, MZSP 29104 ) . Paratype: BRAZIL: Pará, Serra de Carajás, FLONA de Carajás, Gruta S 11 D78, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., afotic. (1 female, MZUSP 29102 ) ; Gruta S 11 A03, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro. (1 female, MZUSP 29103 ) ; Gruta S 11 D64, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (2 juvenile male and 2 juvenile female, MZSP 29104 ) ; Gruta S 11 C27, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro. (2 juv, MZUSP 29105 ) ; Gruta S 11 D39, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (1 male and 1 juvenile, MZSP 29106 ) ; Gruta S 11 D64, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., afotic. (1 female and 1 juvenile, MZUSP 29107 ) ; Gruta S 11 B11, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., aphotic. (1 female, MZUSP 29108 ) ; Gruta S 11 B11, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro. (1 juv, MZUSP 29109 ) ; Gruta S 11 A05, 23.vii-02.ix.2007, Andrade et al. leg. (3 juvenile female, MZSP 29110 ) . Gruta S 11 D39, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. col., claro. (1 female and 1 juv, MZUSP 29111 ) ; Gruta S 11 A07, 23.viii.-02.ix.07, Andrade et al. leg., claro (1 juvenile, MZUSP 29112 ) .

Diagnosis. Absent median eyes and tubercle; weakly developed and pale lateral eyes; small and rounded meta and mesosternum; reduced tritosternun, slightly surpassing the base of the pedipalp coxa; dorsal femur with three spines; subequal spines of pedipalp basitarsus; basal spine of pedipalp distitarsus large, circa of 2/3 the length of the distal; leg tibia I with 21 articles and tarsus I with 37; basitibia IV divided in three pseudo articles; trichobothria of the basitibia IV (bt) at the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria; basal trichobothriae of distitibia IV bc and sbf closer to each other than to bf; pale yellow body color; male gonopod with long, curved and wrinkled medial lobes; lateral lobe fimbriated; median lobe surpassing the lateral and dorsal lobes.

Description. Carapace ( Fig 10A ): flattened, wider than long with an anterior depression in place of the absent median eye tubercle. From this depression starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the posterior area of the pair of lateral hump situated behind the lateral

eye spots. Anterior margin with 6 small setae. Lateral eyes reduced to small rounded spots. Frontal process well developed, much longer than larger, with a rhombus apex.

Sternum ( Fig 10C ). Tri-segmented. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, with 2 apical, 2 median and 2 basal setae. Midian and basal piece are reduced. Sternites separated from each other by the diameter of the middle piece.

Abdomen ( Fig 10A ). Same as C. brescoviti sp. n.

Chelicera ( Fig 2G ). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth, the distal bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second. Fourth tooth twice as long as the others and much stouter. Teeth length (from tip to basis) IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 7 subequal rhombus denticles.

Pedipalp. Trochanter ( Fig 10E and 10F ): large distal, spiniform, ventral apophysis bearing many strong setae and with a blunt tip pointed forwards, and 2 subequal spines, one at the median third and the other at the distal tip of the prolateral face. Femur ( Fig 10E and 10F ): 3 dorsal spines decreasing in size from basal to distal (I>II>III); each 2/3 the size of the following; before the first spine two prominent setiferous tubercle, distant from each other, and at the same line of the main series of spines; 3 ventral spines (I>II>III) bigger than dorsal. Tibia (Fig

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g010

10E and 10F): main series with 3 spines (I>II>III); third 2/3 the second, which is 2/3 the first; small accessory spine before the first spine and one accessory spine after the third spine; 2 ventral spines, the proximal 2/3 the distal. Basitarsus ( Fig 10D ): 2 dorsal well developed spines, the distal the size of the article and the basal slightly smaller the distal. One ventral spine, at the distal half, 1/2 the basal dorsal spine. Distitarsus ( Fig 10D ): with 2 well developed curved spines, the distal bent; the basal 2/3 the distal. Cleaning organ about ½ the article length. Claw ( Fig 10D ): long, with an acute, curved tip.

Legs. Same as C. brescoviti sp. n. Femur length I>III>IV>II. Tibia I with 21 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 37 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: 3 pseudo-articles, one medial trichobothrium at the last pseudo-article and one on the proximal pseudo-article. Distitibia ( Fig 3G ): 3 basal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); two bc trichobothria, both closer to sbf than to bf. Basitibia-distitibia length BT1>DT>BT3 = BT4>BT2. Basitarsus / distitarsus ratio 7/4, distitarsus tetramerous.

Measurements. Male (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.30 mm, Width: 3.04 mm. Abdomen: 3.74 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 1, 87 mm, Tibia 1.83 mm, Basitarsus 1.04 mm, Distitarsus 0.70 mm, Tarsal claw 0.52 mm. Females (n = 1): Cephalothorax: Length: 2.54 mm, Width: 3.30 mm. Abdomen: 4.41 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 2.29 mm, Tibia 2.38 mm, Basitarsus 1.2 mm, Distitarsus 0.8 mm, Tarsal claw 0.65 mm.

Color Pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace pale yellow. Legs same as body. Abdomen pale yellow. Unknown color of live animals.

Genitalia. Male gonopods ( Fig 4H ):distal border of fistula smooth; integument of median lamella wrinkled; dorsal lobe with erected projections, with the acute or straight apex (resembling shark teeth); LoL2 fimbriated; LoL 1 covered with microvilli. PI surface with large longitudinal folds.

Natural History. Inside iron caves, in a region of Amazonia called “ canga ”.

Remarks. This species have troglomorphic characters, such as the almost complete absence of eyes.

Figures

Fig 2. A-H. Mesal view of the right chelicerae of all new species here described. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female paratype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype,MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 41460); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (male paratype, MZSP 28291); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29106); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 9173). Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g002

Fig 3. A-H. Trichobothria of left basitibia IV and distitibia IV. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (female holotype, IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (female paratype, MPEG 0061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29136); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (female paratype, MZSP 29118); G. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29104); H. Charinus bichuetteae sp. n. (male paratype, MNRJ 09173). Acronyms: bt, basotibial; bf, basofrontal; bc, basocaudal; sbf, sub-basofrontal; sc, caudal series; sf, frontal series;. Scale bars: 1mm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148277.g003

Fig 4. A-H. Female and male gonopods of the new species described in this paper. A-F. Female gonopods. A. Charinus brescoviti sp. n. (IBSP 149); B. Charinus ricardoi sp. n. (MZSP 22036); C. Charinus bonaldoi sp. n. (MPEG 061); D. Charinus guto sp. n. (MZSP 48146); E. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29132); F. Charinus orientalis sp. n. (MNRJ 09249). G-H. Male gonopods.G. Charinus carajas sp. n. (MZSP 29121); H. Charinus ferreus sp. n. (MZSP 29106). Scale bars of figures. A, B, C, E, G, H: 100μm. Scale bars of figures. D, F: 50μm. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0148277.g004

Fig 10. A-F. Habitus and details of the sternum and pedipalp of Charinus ferreus sp. n. (female holotype, MZSP 29104). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Live specimen in the soil of a cave in Carajás.C. Sternum; D. Frontal view of the right pedipalp basitiba,distitiba and claw; E. Dorsal view of the right pedipalp; F. Ventral view of the right pedipalp. Scale bars: 1mm. Photo B by Denis Pedroso.