Watersipora subovoidea ( d’Orbigny, 1852 )
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2010.535917 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387A4-EC58-376A-F4CA-FBC8FC28FE36 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Watersipora subovoidea ( d’Orbigny, 1852 ) |
status |
|
Watersipora subovoidea ( d’Orbigny, 1852) View in CoL
( Figure 3 View Figure 3 )
Cellepora subovoidea d’Orbigny 1852: 402 .
Lepralia cucullata Busk 1854: 81 , pl. 96, figs 4–6.
Watersipora subovoidea, Ryland et al. 2009: 54 View in CoL , fig. 4C,D,G,H.
Material examined
Macaé: MNRJ-141, ship hull Valentin Shashin, 14 December 2002, collected by J.E.A. Gonçalves, depth 1.5 m. Arraial do Cabo : MNRJ-012, Forno Harbour, 11 October 2002, collected by L. V. Ramalho and D.C. Savi, depth 0.5 m. MNRJ-138, Forno Harbour, 20 August 2004, collected by L. V. Ramalho and D.C. Savi, depth 0.5 m. MNRJ-139, Forno Harbour, 7 July 2003, collected by L. V. Ramalho, depth 1.5 m. MNRJ-142, Farol beach – Cabo Frio Island , 4 April 2002, collected by L. V. Ramalho , depth 5 m. Rio de Janeiro City : MNRJ-140, Guanabara Bay (ship hull), 23 October 2002, collected by G. Muricy, depth 0.5 m. Sepetiba Harbour: MNRJ-666, Ilha Guaíba, June 2009, collected by J. Silva. Watersipora cucullata: NHM 1973.1.10, Gold Coast, Ghana ; NHM 1948.2.16.18, Santos (SP), Brazil, collected by E. Marcus. W. subtorquata: NHM 1980.1.12.3, Townsville Harbour , Queensland, Australia . W. subovoidea: NHM 1986.8.14.3, Florida , USA . NHM 1998.8.4.13, Port Vila Waterfront , Vanuatu .
Diagnosis (revised)
Colony encrusting, sometimes erect, unilamellar, black or brown, operculum having a median vertical stripe between two pale lateral areas (grey or white); zooids almost rectangular, disposed in quincunx, frontal wall covered by large pseudopores; no ovicells or avicularia.
Description
Colonies initially circular, from 0.5 to 1.4 cm in diameter, sometimes growing free from substrate forming unilamellar fronds. Central part of the colony dark, varying from brown to black, but colony border is sometimes pale in colour (grey, beige or orange) ( Figure 3A View Figure 3 ).
Autozooids disposed in regular quincunx, oblong, almost rectangular, larger than wide (789 µm long, range 456–1038 µm by 390 µm wide, range 262–582 µm), divided from each other by a dark suture ( Figure 3B View Figure 3 ). Frontal wall with scattered large pseudopores (29 µm, range 19–39 µm diameter), decreasing in abundance near the orifice ( Figure 3C View Figure 3 ). Some zooids are wider and bud two narrower zooids to form new bifurcations. Primary orifice rounded (221 µm long, range 155–252 µm, by 234 µm wide, range 194–272 µm), with a sinus wider than deep (52 µm long, range 39– 68 µm, by 116 µm wide, range 58–136 µm), delimited by two prominent condyles ( Figure 3C View Figure 3 ). Peristome variably developed around the primary orifice, often slightly elevated ( Figure 3B,C View Figure 3 ). Operculum very dark (same colour as rest of autozooid), distal half with a vertical, median parallel-sided stripe showing two different colours: a black band and paler peripheral regions ( Figure 3D View Figure 3 ).
Avicularia, spines and ovicells absent.
Habitat
Colonies collected on harbour piers, ships’ hulls, hydrozoans, bryozoans ( Zoobotryon verticillatum ) and Sargassum algae; 0–5 m deep.
Geographical distribution
World: Atlantic and Pacific Oceans ( Ryland et al. 2009). Brazil: Study area: Macaé, Arraial do Cabo (Forno Harbour and Farol Beach), Rio de Janeiro City (Guanabara Bay) and Sepetiba Harbour.
Remarks
The first record of the well-known fouling bryozoans Watersipora from the Rio de Janeiro coast was of W. subtorquata , described by d’Orbigny (1841–47) under the name Escharina torquata . Marcus (1937, 1938) subsequently described specimens from São Paulo and Espírito Santo states as W. cucullata . Winston (1982) included Marcus’s specimens in the synonymy of W. subovoidea , whereas Gordon (1989) included these same specimens in the synonymy of W. subtorquata and suggested that the name W. subovoidea should be discarded because this species cannot be recognized and the type locality is unknown. Taylor and Gordon (2002) figured d’Orbigny’s material from Rio de Janeiro of W. subtorquata , represented by specimen no. 13637 at the MNHN, Paris.
Recently, Ryland et al. (2009) reviewed W. subovoidea and W. subtorquata , showing two principal characters that distinguish these two species. Watersipora subovoidea has triangular, tooth-like condyles, located distomedially, and a strongly pigmented operculum with a parallel-sided dark central band; W. subtorquata has condyles in the form of narrow shoulders and an operculum with a dark biconcave band proximally. Ryland et al. (2009) added W. cucullata described by Marcus (1937, 1938) to the synonym of W. subtorquata , agreeing with Gordon (1989).
Comparing Rio de Janeiro specimens with the figures shown in Ryland et al. (2009), it is evident that these specimens are very similar to W. subovoidea in having triangular condyles and a parallel-sided dark band on the operculum. Therefore, we believe that it is important to review these characters in the species described by Marcus (1937, 1938).
Superfamily SCHIZOPORELLOIDEA Jullien, 1883 Family SCHIZOPORELLIDAE Jullien, 1883
V |
Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium |
MNHN |
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
|
Phylum |
|
Class |
|
Order |
|
Family |
|
Genus |
Watersipora subovoidea ( d’Orbigny, 1852 )
Ramalho, Laís V., Muricy, Guilherme & Taylor, Paul D. 2011 |
Watersipora subovoidea
Ryland JS & Blauwe H & Lord R & Mackie JA 2009: 54 |
Lepralia cucullata
Busk G 1854: 81 |
Cellepora subovoidea d’Orbigny 1852: 402
d'Orbigny A 1852: 402 |