Cybaeina confusa Chamberlin and Ivie

Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia & Copley, Darren, 2023, Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae), Zootaxa 5318 (1), pp. 97-129 : 100-102

Cybaeina confusa Chamberlin and Ivie

Figs 3–4 , 8–9 , 19–21 , 28

Cybaeina confusa Chamberlin and Ivie 1942: 19 , fig. 38. Roth 1952: 195, figs 1, 3, 6. Roewer 1954: 86. Roth and Brame 1972: 16, figs 21–22. Roth and Brown 1986: 2. Bennett 2005: 88, figs 22.19, 22.24, 22.27, 22.30, 22.32–22.33. Bennett 2017: 99, figs 23.19, 23.24, 23.27, 23.30, 23.32–23.33. World Spider Catalog 2023.

Type material examined. U.S.A.: Oregon: Holotype female. Benton County, base of Mount Chintimini [Marys Peak], 11.ix.1912, Ewing ( AMNH).

Other material examined. CAN: British Columbia: 1♁, Banks Is., Kooryet Creek , 5–30 m, 53.342°N 129.884°W, 11.viii.1986, D.H. & J.L. Kavanaugh ( CAS) ; 1♀, Kunghit Is., Rose Harbour , 6.viii.1961 ( CNC) ; 2♀, Moresby Is., Deena Creek / Neena Creek divide, 53.102°N 132.253°W, 28.vii.2009, R. Bennett, C. Copley, & D. Copley ( RBCM) ; 1♁, Port Renfrew, Botanical Beach , 18.viii.1985, R.G. Bennett ( CNC) . U.S.A.: Oregon: Benton, 1♀, Marys Peak at Gravel Ck., 3000’, 17.vi.1949, F. Beer ( CAS) ; 2♀, Wren , 19.ix.1950, V.D. Roth ( CAS) ; Douglas, 1♀, Anlauf , 2.v.1951, V.D. Roth ( CAS) ; Lane, 1♁, H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest [nr. Blue River], 25.vi.1982, J.D. McIver ( OSU) ; 1♀, 7 mi. S of Cottage Grove , 29.vi.1953, V.D. Roth ( BMNH) ; Linn, 1♁ 1♀, Cascadia , 5.ix.1948, V.D. Roth ( CAS) ; 1♁, Santiam R., 9.vi.1912, Ewing AMNH ); 2♀, 1 mi. E of Quartzville, 27 mi. NE of Sweet Home , 7.iii.1948, V.D. Roth ( CAS) ; Tillamook, 1♁, Boyer , 21.viii.1938, J.C. Dirks ( AMNH) .

Diagnosis. The presence of four pairs of elongate macrosetae ventrally on tibia I will usually serve to distinguish males and females of C. confusa from those of C. dixoni spec. nov. and C. minuta (which usually have five pairs). Furthermore, the males of C. confusa are distinguished by the form of the pedipalpal patellar, tibial, and tegular apophyses ( Figs 3–4 , 8–9 ): the patellar apophysis is relatively long (length about 1/2 to nearly as long as width of the patella) and has three or four peg setae distally, the medial component of the retrolateral tibial apophysis terminates in a single basally articulated macroseta, and the tip of the distal arm of the tegular apophysis is dorsad, flattened, and broad. In the males of C. dixoni spec. nov. ( Figs 5 , 10–11 , 14–15 ) and C. minuta ( Figs 6–7 , 12–13 , 16–17 ) the patellar apophysis is short (less than 1/2 width of patella) with two ( C. minuta ) or up to nine ( C. dixoni spec. nov.) peg setae, the medial component of the retrolateral tibial apophysis terminates distally with an acuminate process, and the tip of the distal arm of the tegular apophysis is prolaterad ( C. minuta ) or distad ( C. dixoni spec. nov.), folded over longitudinally, and narrow. Females of C. confusa ( Figs 20–21 ) are further distinguished by the similar diameter of the spermathecal stalks and bases (rendering the stalks and bases difficult to differentiate) and the copulatory ducts being U-shaped in dorsal view. In females of C dixoni spec. nov. ( Figs 26–27 ) and C. minuta ( Figs 23–24 ) the spermathecal bases are bulbous (as in many Cybaeinae) and easily differentiated from the spermathecal stalks and in dorsal view the copulatory ducts tightly encircle the spermathecal stalks and are not U-shaped.

Description. As in diagnosis and description of the genus and the diagnosis of this species.Additional descriptive characters presented here. This species described in detail by Roth (1952).

Male: (n=6). Medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis ( Figs 8–9 ) a low ridge terminated distally with single basally articulated macroseta. Proximal arm of tegular apophysis ( Figs 3–4 ) simple, elongate, slightly twisted, anterodorsad.

Measurements (n=6). CL 1.80–2.15 (1.95), CW 1.36–1.88 (1.58), SL 0.96–1.20 (1.05), SW 0.90–1.04 (0.98).

Female: (n=12). Atrium ( Fig. 19 ) with a single opening located posteromedially on epigyne. Vulva ( Figs 20– 21 ) with copulatory ducts contiguous for short distance anterior of atrium before turning posteriorly, diverging, looping dorsally around spermathecal stalks and joining spermathecal heads at anterior end of vulva; spermathecal heads, stalks, and bases undifferentiated but becoming gradually narrower posteriorly; primary pores on dorsal and ventral surfaces of heads; Bennett’s glands difficult to discern, apparently hidden within coils of spermathecal ducts just anterior to posterior-most portion of copulatory ducts.

Measurements (n=8). CL 1.50–2.30 (1.85), CW 1.13–1.70 (1.41), SL 0.89–1.30 (1.06), SW 0.78–1.12 (0.94). Holotype CL 2.03, CW 1.55, SL 1.17, SW 1.04.

Distribution and natural history. ( Fig. 28 ). Cybaeina confusa is relatively widespread but uncommonly encountered within the coastal western Nearctic area and may be comprised of two or more disjunct populations. It has been recorded from coastal British Columbia, Canada, and the Willamette Valley area of northwestern Oregon, U.S.A. but is unknown in the well-collected area between British Columbia and Oregon in Washington, U.S.A. Males have been collected from early June to early September and the most recent known record of C. confusa is from 2009. This species is ranked nationally vulnerable in Canada ( Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council 2022); a conservation rank for this species in the U.S.A. has not been determined.

Figures

FIGURE 28. Distributions of Cybaeina species. Cybaeina confusa, C dixoni spec. nov., and C. minuta. AB—Alberta, AZ— Arizona, BC—British Columbia, CA—California, ID—Idaho, MO—Montana, OR—Oregon, NV—Nevada, UT—Utah, WA— Washington.

FIGURES 3–7. Cybaeina species, males (3 C. confusa from Cascadia, Oregon; 4 C. confusa from unknown locality; 5 C. dixoni spec. nov. from Brookings, Oregon; 6–7 C. minuta from Kyuquot, British Columbia), left pedipalp. 3, 5–6 Genital bulb, ventral. 4, 7 Tegular apophysis and embolus, retrolateral. Cy—cymbium, DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, Ti—tibia, TR—tegular ridge.

FIGURES 8–13. Cybaeina species, males (8–9 C. confusa from Cascadia, Oregon; 10–11 C. dixoni spec. nov. holotype; 12–13 C. minuta from Kyuquot, British Columbia), left pedipalp. 8, 12 Tibia and distal portion of patella, retrolateral. 10 Tibia and patella, retrolateral. 9, 11 Tibia and patella, dorsal. 13 left half of patella, dorsal. Cy—cymbium, dRTA—distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, mRTA—medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, Ti—tibia. Note: in Figs 8–9 the mRTA terminates distally in a basally articulated macroseta; in Figs 10–12 the distal end is a short rigid spine-like process.

FIGURES 19–21. Cybaeina confusa, females (19 from Rose Harbour, British Columbia; 20–21 holotype), copulatory organ. 19 Epigyne, ventral. 20–21 Vulva (20 ventral, 21 dorsal). BS—base of spermatheca, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (19–21).

FIGURES 14–18. Cybaeina and Neocybaeina gen. nov. species, males (14–15 C. dixoni spec. nov. holotype; 16–17 C. minuta from Kyuquot, British Columbia; 18 N. xantha comb. nov. from near Bridge, Oregon), left pedipalp retrolateral. 14, 16 tibia and distal tip of patellar apophysis.15, 17 medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis.18 distal tip of patellar apophysis.Arrows indicate medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis (14–17 single shafted arrows), distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis (14, 16 double shafted arrows), unknown contaminant on dorsal surface of patellar apophysis (18 dashed arrow).

FIGURES 22–27. Cybaeina species, females (22–24 C. minuta from Tofino, British Columbia; 25–27 C. dixoni spec. nov. from Brookings, Oregon), copulatory organ. 22, 25 Epigyne, ventral. 23–24, 26–27 Vulva (23, 26 ventral; 24, 27 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, BS—base of spermatheca, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (22, 23, 25–26).