Tiron spiniferus ( Stimpson, 1853 )

Just, Jean, 2022, Tirons of the world: a review of ‘ tironid’ amphipods, description of new genera and species, and establishment of a new subfamily Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. (Crustacea, Synopiidae), Zootaxa 5139 (1), pp. 1-89 : 9

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5139.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:145CB6F5-2EA8-40B0-9CCA-3E942AA4A5B9
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6572089
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF0417-FFD9-FF19-FF1A-8FA5E5BCFB9E
treatment provided by	Plazi (2022-05-23 07:35:28, last updated 2024-11-28 20:09:58)
scientific name	Tiron spiniferus ( Stimpson, 1853 )
status

Treatment

Tiron spiniferus ( Stimpson, 1853) View in CoL

( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 4S View FIGURE 4 )

Lysianassa spinifera Stimpson, 1853 .

Tiron acanthurus Lilljeborg, 1865 View in CoL .—G.O. Sars 1895 p. 399, Pl.140; Gurjanova 1951, p.591, fig. 397.

Tiron spiniferum (Stimpson) View in CoL .—Stephensen 1938, p. 231, 1944, p. 76; Shoemaker 1955, p. 38; Lincoln 1979, p. 400, figs 188a, 190.

Tiron spiniferus (Stimpson) View in CoL .—Jazdzewski 1990, p. 114, nomenclatural correction of epithet.

Type material: unknown.

Distribution. North Atlantic, E and W north to Svalbard and NW Greenland.

Remarks. As stated above under tironin characters, eyes and accessory lenses in particular are often retracted, scattered or totally faded. Stimpson (1853) described Lysianassa spinifera from the entrance to Fundy Bay, Nova Scotia, but made no comments on eyes. Since Sars (1895) there has been doubts about the accessory eyes of the type species. Sars (p. 398), in describing Tiron wrote “Eyes...; below them on each side, a minute accessory eye.” and on T. acanthurus (p. 400, = T. spiniferus ) he stated “... accessory eyes very small,...”, and his illustrations (pl. 140) show an accessory eye of presumably one lens, or possibly 2–3 tightly aggregated tiny lenses. Lincoln (1979, p. 400 and fig. 188a) wrote “eyes ..., also with pair of small accessory eyes”, and the illustration shows a full habitus with the position of accessory eyes rendered as a single circle, similar to his circular marking of the main eye.

Tiron spiniferus is the only representative of the genus reported from across the boreal North Atlantic, from New England and the low-arctic of West Greenland to Northern Norway and southern Scandinavian waters. Specimens from a large collection from southern West Greenland (the closest location to the type locality) and from the Skagerrak between Denmark and Norway in the eastern Atlantic have been examined. In both areas there are specimens with reasonably well-preserved visible eyes. Such specimens invariably have 2 somewhat segregated accessory lenses ( Fig. 4S View FIGURE 4 ). Accessory eyes of 2 lenses have thus been confirmed in 4 of the 6 species of Tiron ( T. spiniferus , T. biocellata , T. lilljeborgi sp. nov., T. canadense sp. nov.), while accessory lenses have as yet not been observed in T. antarcticus , and T. sagamiense sp. nov.

References

Lilljeborg, W. (1865) On the Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, and on the Crustacea of the suborder Amphipoda and subfamily Lysianassina found an [sic] the coast of Sweden and Norway. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series 3, 61, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6806

Sars, G. O. (1895) Account of the Crustacea of Norway. I. Amphipoda. Cammermayer, Christiania and Copenhagen, 711 pp.

Shoemaker, C. R. (1955) Amphipoda collected at the Arctic Laboratory, Office of Naval Research, Point Barrow Alaska, by G. E. MacGinitie. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 128 (1), 1 - 78.

Stimpson, W. (1853) Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrates of Grand Manan: of the Region About the Mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6 (5), 49 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30062

Figures

FIGURE 1. Representative habitus illustrations of tironin genera. Tiron spiniferus (from Sars, 1895 pl. 140, ♀ 8 mm); Pseudotiron miratus sp. nov. (this paper, ♀, 4.5 mm); Tironella pervicax comb. nov. (from J.L. Barnard, 1967 fig. 84, ♂ 4.7 mm); Glandulotiron pilocaputis sp. nov. (this paper, ♀, 6.3 mm); Metatiron tropakis (from J.L. Barnard, 1967 fig. 45, ♀, 4.9 mm); Minitiron bellairsi comb. nov. (from Just, 1981 fig. 1, ♀ 2.4 mm). a and b, dactylus and unguis of pereopods 3–7: a, stubby; b, pre-stubby.

FIGURE 4. Tiron canadense sp. nov. Holotype, ♀, except S Tiron spiniferus from Western Greenland. clv, head lateral view; md plp, mandible palp; mx1, maxilla 1 (medial view); pleo, pleonites (1–3); tel, telson; up, uropods; uros, urosomites. Scale for holotype clv, 1 mm.