Saphonecrus fabris, Pujade-Villar & Wang & Guo & Chen, 2014

Pujade-Villar, Juli, Wang, Yi-Ping, Guo, Rui & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, New species of gallwasps inducing in Quercus fabri and its inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in China, Zoological Systematics 39 (3), pp. 417-423 : 420-422

3.2 Saphonecrus fabris sp. nov. ( Figs 12–19 )

Holotype ♀, deposited in ZAFU, China, Zhejiang, Tianmushan (119°27′E, 30°19′N), 31 October 2011, Rui Guo . Paratypes 5♀, same data as holotype (1♀ desposited in UB).

Description. Length: female 1.2–1.5 mm; male unknown.

Color. Head and mesosoma chesnut, darker in some areas; mandibles brownish red with dark brown tips, maxillae and labium yellow; antennae and legs yellowish; metasoma dark red, chestnut collar around the distal part of the petiole; hypopygium pale red. Wing veins pale yellow.

Head ( Figs 12–14 ). Subquadrate in frontal view, around 1.1 times as broad as high and slightly broader as mesosoma, with sparse short white setae. Gena alutaceous and shiny, not broadened behind compound eye. Clypeus inconspicuous, anterior tentorial pits distinct but small; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal lines indistinct. Lower face shiny, with delicate carinae radiating from clypeus, reaching ventral margin of eye and antennal socket. Transfacial 1.15 times as long as height of eye. Malar space 0.8 times as long as height of compound eye. Distance between inner margin of compound eye and antennal socket equal to diameter of antennal socket. Head in dorsal view 2.3 times as wide as long. POL: OOL: LOL=5: 3: 2, diameter of lateral ocellus 1.25. Frons vertex and occipud uniformly alutaceous and shiny, frontal carinae absent.

Antenna ( Fig. 18 ). Antenna 13-segmented, pedicel nearly 2.0 times as long as its broad; F1 1.2 times as long as F2, 1.5 times as long as pedicel; F3 to F5 equals in length, F4 and followings broader than first fagellomeres segments; F11 around 2.0 times as long as F10. The antennal formula: 19: 14: 24: 18: 19: 19: 18: 17: 16: 15: 15: 14: 26. Placodea sensillas present from F4.

Mesosoma ( Figs 14, 17 ). Mesosoma 1.1 times as long as high in lateral view uniformly pubescent with short white setae. Pronotum coriaceous dorsally, with some carinae laterally; pronotal carina present. Mesoscutum nearly as long as broad in dorsal view, with weakly interrupted transversal rugae, interspaces between rugae coriaceous. Notauli complete, wide and deep, slightly broader posteriorly and narrowed down anteriorly; anterior parallel line, median mesoscutal line and parapsidal lines absent. Mesopleuron shiny with conspicuous transverse striate. Scutellum slightly wider than long, rugose; scutellar foveae superficial, bottom shiny and smooth, separated by a carina. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in upper 4/5 of its height. Propodeum pubescent, alutaceous and shiny; lateral propodeal carinae straight, slightly convergent inferiorly; central propodeal area alutaceous, with short white setae.

Legs ( Fig. 19 ). Tarsal claws simple and without basal lobe.

Forewing ( Fig. 16 ). Forewing margin ciliated; radial cell opened, 2.7–2.8 times as long as wide; areolet inconspicuous; Rs vein only lightly curved apically, not reaching the margin wing as vein R1; vein R1+Sc hardly interrupted before reaching basal vein.

Metasoma ( Fig. 15 ). As long as head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view. The fused metasomal tergites second and third with short white setae antero-laterally, without punctuate apically and very slightly incised apically; hypopygium with very minute dense punctures, ventral ridge with short white setae, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short.

Etymology. The name is related with host plant scientific name, Q. fabri.

Distribution. China (Zhejiang).

Biology. Obtained from leave galls induced by Andricus flavus on Q. fabri. Under the laboratory conditions, adults emerged from late September.

Diagnosis. This new species is characterized by the following characters: malar space long, lateral frontal carinae absent, lateral pronotal carinae present, mesoscutum with distinct short irregular transverse striate, notauli percurrent, mesopleura completely carinated, radial cell longer and tarsal claws simples. Morphologically, S. fabris sp. nov. is similar to S. haymi but different from latter by having a quadrangular head, notauli percurrent and tarsal claws simples. Only three species have simple tarsal claws in this genus Saphonecrus (S. excisus (Kieffer, 1904) from India-Bengal, S. areolatus Weld, 1926 from Philippines and S. serratus Weld, 1926 from Philippines) but the pronotal carinae is absent in these species. Moreover, S. serratus has frontal carinae, S. areolatus has punctures dorso-posteriorly of metasomal terga 3 + 4 and S. excisus has the metasoma incised dorsally.

Funding The project was supported by the Zhejiang Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars ( R14 C040002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071970), Science Foundation of Zhejiang A & F University and a scholarship under the Zhejiang Association for International Exchange of Personnel.

Figures

Figs 12–19. Saphonecrus fabris sp. nov., female. 12. Head, frontal view. 13. Head, dorsal view. 14. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. 15. Metasoma, lateral view. 16. Forewing. 17. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 18. Antenna. 19. Tarsal claw.