Neokodaiana minensis Meng & Qin

Rui Meng, Yinglun Wang & Daozheng Qin, 2016, A key to the genera of Issini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) of China and neighbouring countries, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 181, pp. 1-25 : 18-22

Neokodaiana minensis Meng & Qin , sp. nov.

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Figs 6–8

Diagnosis

This new species resembles N. chihpenensis Yang, 1994 , but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters (features of N. chihpenensis in parentheses): 1) anal tube with large triangular projection near apex in lateral view (anal tube with the lateral projection small near apex); 2) lateral phallobasal lobes with the middle triangular lobe-like processes long, anterior margin not dentate (anterior margin of the processes dentate); 3) the ventral hooks of phallobasal lobes short (the ventral hooks long, reaching nearly to apex); 4) sternite VII with posterior margin strongly widely convex at middle part (in N. chihpenensis , sternite VII with posterior margin slightly produced, truncate and curved at apex).

Etymology

The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Min, an alternative term for Fujian Province in China.

Material examined

Holotype

CHINA: ♂, Fujian Province, Dehua City, Shuikou Town, 118.4º E, 25.7º N, 12 Nov. 1974, coll. Jikun Yang.

Paratypes

CHINA: 1 ♂, 12 Nov. 1974, other data as for holotype; 1 ♀, Fujian Province, Wuyishan Mountain Sangang, 117.6º E, 27.7º N, 12 Sep. 1980, coll. Tong Chen; 1 ♀, Fujian Province, Daiyun Mountain, 118.2º E, 25.6º30 N, Aug. 1984, coll. Zhixin Cui.

Measurements and ratios

TL: ♂ (n = 2): 4.8–5.5 mm; ♀ (n = 2): 5.1–5.6 mm; LTg: ♂ (n = 2): 3.9–4.6 mm; ♀ (n = 2): 4.1–4.6 mm; BV/LV = 3.0; BF/LF = 2.0; LP/LV = 1.3; LM/LP = 1.5; BT/LM = 2.1; LTg/BTg = 1.7; LA/BA (♂) = 1.7; LA/BA (♀) = 2.1.

Description

HEAD. Vertex yellowish brown; nearly quadrangular, median carina present ( Fig. 6 A). Frons brown, with narrow black fascia along sublateral carina, narrow white transverse line at middle; below white line, black to fuscous; largely white along frontoclypeal suture; yellowish white tubercules inside lateral margin; median part of frons strongly convex, sublateral carinae far away from upper margin, area between them slightly oblique in lateral view ( Fig. 6 B–C). Genae fuscous with two white fasciae ( Fig. 6 B). Clypeus black brown ( Fig. 6 C). Eyes fuscous ( Fig. 6 A–B).

THORAX. Pronotum and mesonotum yellowish brown. Pronotum with median carina, anterior margin arched, posterior margin weakly concave in middle ( Fig. 6 A); lateral lobes relatively small, outside margin rounded ( Fig. 6 C). Mesonotum nearly triangular, median carina present ( Fig. 6 A).

TEGMEN. Fuscous with yellowish brown maculae and veins. Apical margin oblique; wide hypocostal plate ( Fig. 6 D, see the arrow); transverse veins near apical margin almost aligned; longitudinal veins distinct; ScP+R forking at base; ScP reaching beyond midlength of tegmen; R simple; MP forked after ScP+R; MP1 and MP2 forking near apex; CuA forked at apical one-third ( Figs 6 B, 7A).

HIND WING. Fuscous. Trilobed, but vannus and anal lobe reduced ( Fig. 7 B).

LEGS. Fore and median femora slightly dorso-ventrally flattened, fuscous, and yellow basally; fore and median tibiae dark brown with yellow at base; hind femur and tibia fulvous, margins fuscous, and tips of teeth black. Metatibiotarsal formula 2+12/12, 15/2.

ABDOMEN. Fulvous.

MALE GENITALIA.Anal tube gradually widening to subapex; apical margin obtusely convex, and emarginate in middle; in profile, subapex with large triangular projection; column moderately long, placed at middle ( Fig. 6 E, H). Pygofer roundly convex at posterodorsal angle, narrowing to ventral margin ( Fig. 6 E). Connective strongly sclerotized, very thick and large at base ( Fig. 6 I). Lateral phallobasal lobes elongated and enlarged at apex; dorsal margin dentate near apex, with triangular lobe-like processes large; in ventral view, bearing a pair of short hooks, directed laterally; ventral lobe sclerotized, with apical margin blunt and curved dorsally ( Figs 6 J, 7C–D). Genital style relatively wide and quadrate; apical margin with deep bowl-shaped concavity below capitulum of style; dorsal margin oblique and roundly convex in middle; ventral margin moderately straight; apicoventral angle quadrate convex ( Fig. 6 G). Capitulum of style short, apex obtuse and spinal outside, with relatively small lateral tooth ( Fig. 6 F).

FEMALE GENITALIA. Anal tube subrectangular in dorsal view, lateral margin subparallel, narrowing down near straight apical margin; column situated near base ( Fig. 8 A). Gonoplacs in profile slightly longer than wide; apical margin obtuse and membranous; in dorsal view, disc strongly elevated at basal half; fork well-sclerotized and pigmented ( Fig. 8 B–C). Posterior connective lamina of gonapophyses IX narrow and long, strongly convex at proximal part; median field small and single; lateral field with a pair of large teeth at level of apical margin of median field ( Fig. 8 D–E). Gonospiculum bridge moderately long, with basal part shorter than apical part ( Fig. 8 E). Anterior connective laminae of gonapophysis VIII with three very small teeth grouped apically, five small keeled grouped teeth on side ( Fig. 8 G). Sternite VII with posterior margin strongly widely convex at middle part ( Fig. 8 F).

Discussion

O. parallelodroma gen. et sp. nov. from southern China has two glossy rounded orbs on the frons, which are also present in Chlamydopteryx mammoides Gnezdilov & Fletcher, 2010 from Queensland, Australia (Gnezdilov & Fletcher 2010) and in Redarator bimaculatus Distant, 1916 from South India (Distant 1916). The presence of this special feature in these three species from different geographical locations indicates a parallel evolution. The presence of two orbs might reveal a function similar to that suggested by Constant (2005: 62) for the smooth prominences on frons of Gelastopsis insignis Kirkaldy ( Hemiptera : Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae ) as being mimicry of the large frontal eyes of salticid spiders. Many of these spiders are of similar size to these insects and move with short jumps.

Figures

Fig. 6. Neokodaiana minensis Meng & Qin, sp. nov., holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Frons and clypeus. D. Head and thorax, latero-ventral view. E. Male anal tube and pygofer, lateral view. F. Capitulum of style, dorsal view. G. Gonapophyses IX and gonaspiculum bridge, right view. H. Male anal tube, dorsal view. I. Connective. J. Penis, lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Neokodaiana minensis Meng & Qin, sp. nov., holotype. A. Tegmen. B. Hind wing. C. Penis, apical half, ventral view. D. Penis, left view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 8. Neokodaiana minensis Meng & Qin, sp. nov. A. Female anal tube, dorsal view. B. Gonoplac, lateral view. C. Gonoplac, dorsal view. D. Gonapophyses IX and gonaspiculum bridge, dorsal view. E. Gonapophyses IX and gonaspiculum bridge, right view. F. Sternum VII, ventral view. G. Gonocoxa VIII and gonapophysis VIII, right view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.