Euura hastatavora Vikberg, 2014

Liston, Andrew D., Heibo, Erik, Prous, Marko, Vårdal, Hege, Nyman, Tommi & Vikberg, Veli, 2017, North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae), Zootaxa 4302 (1), pp. 1-115 : 93-95

Euura hastatavora Vikberg, 2014

Pontania hastatae Vikberg, 1970: 17 –18. Described: ♀, ♂, gall, recorded host: Salix hastata . Holotype, ♀, FMNH [examined]. Type locality: Finland, Kilpisjärvi , Saana. In Euura , the name hastatae Vikberg is proccupied by E. hastatae Malaise, 1921 .

Euura hastatavora Vikberg in Prous et al. 2014: 53 , replacement name for P. hastatae Vikberg.

Pontania (Pontania) hastatae: Viitasaari & Vikberg (1985) .

Pontania (Eupontania) hastatae: Lacourt (1999) .

Eupontania hastatae: Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006) .

Variability. Female: Body length: 3.3–5.4mm. Outer orbits, upper inner orbits and lateral vertex brown, to black. Tegula pale, to black. Pronotum narrowly pale margined, to completely black. Male: 2.8–5.3mm. Female and male: metafemur nearly entirely pale, to nearly entirely black. Total number of specimens examined: 8.

Genetic data. Although the short BOLD COI barcode sequence will not separate hastatavora from the other eleven North European species with closely similar barcodes ( acutifoliae , arcticornis , brevicornis , etc.), longer COI, and ITS2 sequences are distinctive and support the validity of this taxon (Leppänen et al. 2014).

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix hastata ( Vikberg 1970) . Biology: Kopelke (1991).

Distribution. Central Europe (Alps), North Europe (Scandinavia and N. Russia) ( Kopelke 1991), Siberia ( Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1995). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; Torne Lappmark ( Vikberg 1970).

Euura kriechbaumeri (Konow, 1901) comb. nov.

Pontania kriechbaumeri Konow, 1901a: 83 (key). Lectotype, ♂, designated by Zinovjev (1985), SDEI [examined]. Type locality: Germany, Frankfurt / Main.

Pontania (Eupontania) kriechbaumeri: Zinovjev (1985) .

Eupontania kriechbaumeri: Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006) .

Nematus lanificus : in litteris name, mentioned by Kriechbaumer (1876: 67), used by Bremi for specimens reared from pilose galls on S. elaeagnos .

?= Pontania crassivalvis Konow, 1901a: 83 (key). Lectotype, ♀, designated by Zinovjev (1985), SDEI [examined]. Type locality: Austria or northern Italy, Tyrol. Tentative synonymy by Zinovjev (1985).

Notes on types and taxonomy. The lectotype of P. kriechbaumeri , in very poor condition, is pinned together with two densely hairy galls on a short length of leaf-blade that has characters fitting S. elaeagnos (narrow, dense white felt on underside, down-rolled and entire margins). There therefore seems to be little doubt about the identity of the host, or the lectotype. The mention by Kriechbaumer (1876) of N. lanificus Bremi in connection with a detailed description of galls on S. incana (= elaeagnos ) could be considered to have made the name lanificus available, with Kriechbaumer as author. However, in this case Article 23.9 of the Code (ICZN 1999) must be applied: the senior synonym ( N. lanificus ) has not been used as a valid name after 1899, and the junior synonym ( P. kriechbaumeri ) has been used for a particular taxon, as its presumed valid name, in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years. Accordingly, lanificus is nomen oblitum, and kriechbaumeri nomen protectum, and the latter remains in use as valid.

Genetic data. The COI barcode of E. kriechbaumeri is apparently sufficiently distinctive for determination, with a minimum divergence of 1.7% from the group of species which share closely similar barcodes ( acutifoliae , arcticornis , brevicornis , etc.).

Variability. Female: Body length: 2.8–5.4mm. Upper outer and inner orbits partly brown to completely black. Male: 3.1–4.8mm. Pronotum narrowly pale margined to completely black. Femora basally fuscous to completely pale. Total number of specimens examined: 23.

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix elaeagnos is thought to be the only host ( Kopelke 2003a). Biology: Kopelke (1991).

Distribution. Central and South Europe; most northerly records along river systems with catchments in the Alps. Salix elaeagnos does not now occur naturally in Hesse, the location of the type locality. However, the possibility cannot be excluded that the lectotype originated on a planted host. Occurrence in Sweden: no records, and not expected.

Euura myrsiniticola ( Kopelke, 1991) comb. nov.

Pontania myrsiniticola Kopelke, 1991: 116 –118. Described: ♀, ♂, larva, gall, recorded host: Salix myrsinites . Holotype, ♀, SMF [examined]. Type locality: Norway, S.- Trøndelag , Dovrefjell.

Pontania (Eupontania) myrsiniticola: Zinovjev (1993b) .

Eupontania myrsiniticola: Vikberg (2003) .

Notes on types and taxonomy. Because of shared morphological characters, Vikberg (2003) placed myrsiniticola in what he called the aquilonis species group. Adult morphology of the included species resembles that of the crassipes subgroup, but the larvae of the aquilonis group are morphologically closer to those of the viminalis subgroup. Sequence data indicates that myrsiniticola should be included in the viminalis subgroup, and that it is a distinct species (Leppänen et al. 2014).

Variability. Female: Body length: 2.4–4.6mm. Lateral vertex slightly brown to completely black. Male: 3.0– 3.3mm. No significant variability observed. Total number of specimens examined: 13.

Genetic data. Although the short BOLD COI barcode sequence will not separate myrsiniticola from the other eleven North European species with closely similar barcodes ( acutifoliae , arcticornis , brevicornis , etc.), ITS2 sequences are distinctive and support the validity of this taxon (Leppänen et al. 2014).

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix myrsinites ( Kopelke 1991) . Biology: Kopelke (1991), Nyman & Julkunen Tiitto (2000), Roininen et al. (2002).

Distribution. Scotland, Norway, Sweden, and Finland (Taeger et al. 2006), Russia; Kolguyev Island ( Roininen et al. 2002). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; Jämtland, Edsåsdalen ( Benander 1969, as P. crassipes on S. myrsinites ), Torne Lappmark, Abisko area ( Baudyš 1926, as Pontania viminalis on S. myrsinites ), Abisko area, Jukkasjärvi and Nuolja ( Julin 1936, as Pontania sp. on S. myrsinites ). Material examined: Torne Lappmark.

Euura myrtilloidica ( Kopelke, 1991) comb. nov.

Pontania myrtilloidica Kopelke, 1991: 119 –120. Described: ♀, ♂, larva, gall, recorded host: Salix myrtilloides . Holotype, ♀, SMF [examined]. Type locality: Norway, Finnmark, S.- Varanger , Vaggatem.

Eupontania myrtilloidica ( Kopelke, 1991) : Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Notes on types and taxonomy. Zinovjev (1999) stated that E. myrtilloidica is very similar to E. pedunculi , and Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006) considered that they might be conspecific. Based on examination of the available specimens, we disagree with this. Firstly, there are small morphological differences between these two segregates. Females have upper antennal hollow slightly sculptured and setose (entirely smooth and glabrous in pedunculi ), and the metafemur may be partly dark (often entirely pale in pedunculi ). The flagellomeres of male myrtilloidica are shorter than those of pedunculi . Secondly, there is possibly a genetic difference, in the COI barcode region (see below).

Variability. Female: Body length: 2.8–4.9mm. Head except for labrum and more or less clypeus completely black, to pale on upper outer and inner orbits, lateral vertex, and supraclypeal area. Upper pronotum extensively pale to completely black. Femora entirely pale, to extensively fuscous. All abdominal sterna and downturned parts of terga completely yellow, to nearly completely black. Male: 2.2–3.8mm. Dorsal margin of pronotum narrowly pale, to completely black. Total number of specimens examined: 14.

Genetic data. Only a single specimen of myrtilloidica , from Germany, has been barcoded ( BOLD: DEI- GISHym11086). This sequence is very similar to those of the eleven other northern European species which in BOLD share the same BIN ( arcticornis , hastatavora , samolad , etc.).

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix myrtilloides ( Kopelke 1991) . Biology: Kopelke (1991), Liston & Späth (2005a), Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Distribution. Has only been recorded at a very few sites in S. Germany, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and N. Russia ( Liston & Späth 2005a, Vikberg & Zinovjev 2006).

Occurrence in Sweden: material examined; galls of the E. viminalis group type on S. myrtilloides (no adults reared) found at two localities: Norrbotten, Kaunisvaara 2 km N, 170 m., +67.40000 +23.34500, 0 7.06.2014, vid. Liston. Torne Lappmark, Kiruna , near airport, 450 m., +67.84000 +20.35000, 25.08.2013, vid. Liston ( Fig. 326 ). These records are tentatively ascribed to E. myrtilloidica .

Euura nivalis ( Vikberg, 1970) comb. nov.

Pontania nivalis Vikberg, 1970: 14 –17. Described: ♀, ♂, larva, gall, recorded host: Salix glauca . Holotype, ♀, FMNH [examined]. Type locality: Finland, EnL: Kilpisjärvi , Leutsuvaara.

Pontania (Pontania) nivalis: Viitasaari & Vikberg (1985) .

Eupontania nivalis ( Vikberg, 1970) : Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Notes on types and taxonomy. Partly separable using COI data, but not ITS2 sequences (Leppänen et al. 2014).

Variability. Female: Body length: 4.0– 6.2mm. Antennal flagellum apically and ventrally more or less brown, to entirely black. Clypeus laterally pale to entirely pale. Pronotum with margin yellow lined to completely black. Tegula yellow to completely black. Male: 4.4–5.6mm. Anterior and posterior edge of metafemur lined with black, to nearly whole metafemur black. Total number of specimens examined: 18.

Genetic data. The short BOLD COI barcode sequence will not separate nivalis from the other eleven North European species with closely similar barcodes ( acutifoliae , arcticornis , brevicornis , etc.).

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix glauca ( Vikberg 1970, Kopelke 1991). Biology: Barstad & Nilsson (2012, 2015), Kopelke (1991), Nyman & Julkunen Tiitto (2000), Roininen et al. (2002).

Distribution. Central Europe (Alps), North Europe (Scandinavia, Finland, N. Russia) ( Kopelke 1991), Siberia ( Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1995), and arctic Canada ( Hjältén et al. 2003).

Occurrence in Sweden: published records; Uppland, Jämtland, Norrbotten (Haris 2009), Lule Lappmark, Torne Lappmark ( Vikberg 1970).

Figures

FIGURES 321 – 331. Euura, galls on Salix; 321 acutifoliae, S. daphnoides 322 arcticornis, S. phylicifolia TN 323 collactanea, S. repens 324 glabrifrons, S. lanata 325 hastatavora, S. hastata TN 326 myrtilloidica, S. myrtilloides 327 reticulatae, S. reticulata, underdeveloped galls in abnormal position on sideveins 328 reticulatae, S. reticulata 329 saliciscinereae, S. myrsinifolia (borealis) TN 330 samolad, S. lapponum 331 viminalis, S. purpureae.