Hadruroides charcasus ( Karsch, 1879 ), 1975

Ochoa, José A. & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2010, The Genus Hadruroides Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), in Peru: New Records and Descriptions of Six New Species, American Museum Novitates 2010 (3687), pp. 1-56 : 26

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1206/684.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6AA8B6B2-45DB-4B2E-884C-78A1D507F5A1
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735077
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987CC-FFA3-F105-FF42-039370A4FB20
treatment provided by	Felipe (2021-05-03 19:23:51, last updated 2024-11-25 17:38:20)
scientific name	Hadruroides charcasus ( Karsch, 1879 )
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Treatment

Hadruroides charcasus ( Karsch, 1879) View in CoL

Figures 2 View Fig , 4E View Fig

Hadrurus charcasus Karsch, 1879: 135 .

Hadrurus paaschi Karsch, 1881: 290 (synonymized by Maury, 1975: 11); Williams, 1970: 31.

Caraboctonus charcasus: Pocock, 1893a: 92 .

Hadruroides charcasus: Pocock, 1893b: 329, 1900: 475 View in CoL ; Williams, 1970: 31; Maury, 1975: 11–13, figs. 1–10 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig ; Francke, 1977: 75; Francke and Soleglad, 1980: 11; Moritz and Fischer, 1980: 312; Francke and Soleglad, 1981: 245, figs. 30–33; Lourenço, 1994: 157, 1998: 141, fig. 8 View Fig ; Kovařík, 1998: 135; Sissom and Fet, 2000: 411; Lourenço and Dastych, 2001: 56; Acosta and Ochoa, 2002: 19; Soleglad and Fet, 2003a: 5, 2003b: 8; Fet et al., 2004: 18, 24, figs. 15 View Fig , 16, 35, 48, 2006: 269, fig. 8 View Fig ; Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008: 5; Francke and Prendini, 2008: 210, 218, fig. 4, table 4; Fet and Soleglad, 2008: 257, figs. 5, 22–26, table 3; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 25, 43, pl. 64, table 2 View TABLE 2 ; Volschenk et al., 2008: 661, 675, fig. 5A, tables 1 View TABLE 1 , 2 View TABLE 2 .

Hadruroides lunatus: Kraepelin, 1894: 207 View in CoL (part); Kraepelin, 1899: 188 (part); Kraepelin, 1901: 274 (part); Mello-Leitão, 1945: 120 (part).

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype ♀ [ Hadrurus charcasus ] ( ZMB 3062 View Materials ), BOLIVIA [erroneous], Wascewicz . Holotype ♂ [ Hadrurus paaschi ] ( ZMB 4072 View Materials ), ECUADOR .

NEW RECORDS: PERU: Lambayeque Department: Lambayeque Province: Southern Olmos (05 ° 59 ' 30 " S 79 ° 44 ' 36 " W, 175 m), 1 juv. ( AMNH); Motupe (06 ° 09 ' 12 " S 79 ° 42 ' 53 " W, 133 m), 20.viii.1969, G. Arboleda, 2 ♀ ( AMNH), 3.iv.1970, G. Arboleda, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. ( AMNH); between Porculla and intersection to Olmos, 05 ° 56 ' 09.6 " S 79 ° 35 ' 55.1 " W, 498 m, 17.i.2008, R. Gutiérrez, D. Apaza and J.A. Ochoa, 1 ♀ ( MHNC); EPM Anchovira, between Motupe and Jayanca, near intersection to Salas , 06 ° 16 ' 02.7 " S 79 ° 44 ' 10.7 " W, 101 m, 17.i.2008, R. Gutiérrez, D. Apaza and J.A. Ochoa, 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. ( AMNH), 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 3 juv. ( MHNC); Northern Lambayeque (06 ° 41 ' S 79 ° 54 ' W, 17 m), 13.xi.1970, 3 ♂, 10 ♀, 9 juv. ( AMNH) . Piura Department: Sechura Province : Sechura (05 ° 33 ' 52 " S 80 ° 48 ' 41 " W, 15 m), 14.xi.1970, 1 ♀, 1 juv. ( AMNH) .

DIAGNOSIS: Hadruroides charcasus may be distinguished from all other species of the genus by means of the carination of the pedipalp chela. The internomedian, dorsointernal, and dorsal marginal carinae are well developed, comprising strong granules in adult H. charcasus , compared with other species of Hadruroides , in which the pedipalp chela is acarinate.

DISTRIBUTION: Hadruroides charcasus is widely distributed throughout northern Peru. It has been recorded from the Lambayeque, Piura, and Tumbes departments, as well as the western slopes of the Andes in Cajamarca Department ( Maury, 1975; Francke, 1977). Specimens examined during the present study were collected at elevations between 15 and 498 m (fig. 2). It is doubtful whether this species occurs in the inter-Andean valleys on the eastern side of the Cordillera. Maury’s (1975) record from Baños del Inca (2660 m, Cajamarca Department) is probably erroneous. We conducted several field expeditions to the Cajamarca region and H. carinatus was the only Hadruroides species collected at Baños del Inca. Other records from Cajamarca, Trujillo, Tumbes, and Lobos de Afuera ( Maury, 1975; Francke, 1977) should be reassessed.

ECOLOGY: The vegetation in the region inhabited by H. charcasus is characterized by cacti, shrubs, and scattered trees, e.g., Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana and Planch. (Burseraceae) , Capparis sp. (Brassicaceae) , Ceiba insignis (Kunth) Gibbs and Semir (Malvaceae) , Loxopterigium huasango Spruce ex Engl. ( Anacardiaceae ), Prosopis pallida (Humboldt and Bonpland ex Willdenow) Kunth (Fabaceae) . Hadruroides charcasus is sympatric with H. leopardus .

References

Acosta, L. E., and J. A. Ochoa. 2002. Lista de los escorpiones bolivianos (Chelicerata: Scorpiones), con notas sobre su distribucion. Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Entomologia 61 (3 - 4): 15 - 23.

Fet, V., M. E. Soleglad, D. P. A. Neff, and I. Stathi. 2004. Tarsal armature in the superfamily Iuroidea (Scorpiones: Iurida). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia 10: 17 - 40.

Fet, V., and M. E. Soleglad. 2008. Cladistic analysis of superfamily Iuroidea, with emphasis on subfamily Hadrurinae (Scorpiones: Iurida). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 43: 255 - 281.

Francke, O. F. 1977. Escorpiones y escorpionismo en el Peru VI: Lista de especies y claves para identificar las familias y los generos. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 20: 73 - 76.

Francke, O. F., and M. E. Soleglad. 1980. Two new Hadruroides Pocock from Peru (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum, Texas Tech University 69: 1 - 13.

Francke, O. F., and M. E. Soleglad. 1981. The family Iuridae Thorell (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Journal of Arachnology 9: 233 - 258.

Francke, O. F., and L. Prendini. 2008. Phylogeny and classification of the giant hairy scorpions, Hadrurus Thorell (Iuridae Thorell): A reappraisal. Systematics and Biodiversity 6 (2): 205 - 223.

Kamenz, C., and L. Prendini. 2008. An atlas of book lung fine structure in the order Scorpiones (Arachnida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 316: 1 - 359.

Karsch, F. 1879. Scorpionologische Beitrage. Part II. Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 3: 97 - 136.

Karsch, F. 1881. Ein neuer amerikanischer Skorpion. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 25: 290.

Kovarik, F. 1998. Stiri (Scorpions). Madagaskar, Jihlava, 175 pp. [in Czech]

Kraepelin, K. 1894. Revision der Scorpione. II. Scorpionidae und Bothriuridae. Beiheft zum Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 11: 1 - 248.

Kraepelin, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In: F. Dahl (editor), Das Tierreich. 8 (Arachnoidea): 1 - 265. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: Friedlander.

Kraepelin, K. 1901. Catalogue des scorpions des collections du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 7: 265 - 274.

Lourenco, W. R. 1994. Diversity and endemism in tropical versus temperate scorpion communities. Biogeographica 70 (3): 155 - 160.

Lourenco, W. R. 1998. Panbiogeographie: Les distributions disjontes et le concept de familie relictuelle chez les scorpions. Biogeographica 74 (3): 133 - 144.

Lourenco, W. R., and H. Dastych. 2001. A contribution to the scorpion fauna of Peru, with a description of Chactas koepckei sp. nov. (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 98: 51 - 62.

Maury, E. A. 1975. Escorpiones y escorpionismo en el Peru IV: Revision del genero Hadruroides Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones, Vejovidae). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 17 (1): 9 - 21.

Mello-Leitao, C. de. 1945. Escorpioes sul-americanos. Arquivos do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro 40: 7 - 468.

Moritz, M., and S. - C. Fischer. 1980. Die Typen der Arachniden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. III. Scorpiones. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 2 (36): 309 - 326.

Ochoa, J. A., and J. C. Chaparro. 2008. Nueva especie de escorpion del genero Hadruroides (Scorpiones: Caraboctoninae) de los valles interandinos de Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 15 (1): 5 - 10.

Pocock, R. I. 1893 a. A contribution to the study of Neotropical scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (6): 77 - 103.

Pocock, R. I. 1893 b. Notes on the classification of scorpions, followed by some observations on synonymy, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (6): 303 - 330.

Pocock, R. I. 1900. Some new or little-known Neotropical scorpions in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 (7): 469 - 478.

Sissom, W. D., and V. Fet. 2000. Family Iuridae Thorell, 1876. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York: New York Entomological Society, 409 - 420.

Soleglad, M. E., and V. Fet. 2003 a. The scorpion sternum: Structure and phylogeny (Scorpiones: Orthosterni). Euscorpius 5: 1 - 34.

Soleglad, M. E., and V. Fet. 2003 b. High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni). Euscorpius 11: 1 - 172.

Volschenk, E. S., C. I. Mattoni, and L. Prendini. 2008. Comparative anatomy of the mesosomal organs of scorpions (Chelicerata, Scorpiones), with implications for the phylogeny of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154: 651 - 675.

Williams, S. C. 1970. A systematic revision of the giant hairy scorpion genus Hadrurus. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 87: 1 - 62.

Figures

Fig. 2. Map of Peru, plotting known locality records of Hadruroides Pocock, 1893. Hadruroides carinatus Pocock, 1900, open circles. Hadruroides charcasus (Karsch, 1879), solid squares. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp., diamonds. Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp., solid circles. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867), open squares. Hadruroides mauryi Francke and Soleglad, 1980, open triangles. Undetermined Hadruroides species, stars.

Fig. 4. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, habitus in life. A. Hadruroides carinatus Pocock, 1900, ♂. B. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp., ♀. C. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., ♂. D. Hadruroides graceae, n. sp., ♂. E. Hadruroides charcasus (Karsch, 1879), ♂.

Fig. 1. Map of Peru, plotting known locality records of Hadruroides Pocock, 1893. Hadruroides aguilari Francke and Soleglad, 1980, solid circle. Hadruroides bustamantei Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008, squares. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., open triangle. Hadruroides graceae, n. sp., open circle. Hadruroides leopardus Pocock, 1900, diamonds. Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp., solid triangles. Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp., star.

Fig. 3. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, habitats in Peru. A. Puchaca Alto (Lambayeque Department), habitat of Hadruroides leopardus Pocock, 1900. B. Balsas (Cajamarca Department), habitat of Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp. C. Cerro Campana (La Libertad Department), habitat of Hadruroides juanchaparroi, n. sp. D. Wari (Ayacucho Department), habitat of Hadruroides bustamantei Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008. E. Isla Santa (Ancash Department), habitat of Hadruroides tishqu, n. sp. F. Playa Vichayitos (Piura Department), habitat of Hadruroides vichayitos, n. sp. G. Lomas de Lachay (Lima Department), habitat of Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867).

Fig. 6. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp., habitus. A, B. Holotype ♂ (MHNC). C, D. Paratype ♀ (MHNC). A, C. Dorsal aspect. B, D. Ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 cm.

Fig. 7. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, diagnostic characters. A, C. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp., paratype ♂ (MHNC). B, D. Hadruroides maculatus (Thorell, 1876), ♂ (MHNC). A, B. Carapace. C, D. Sternite VII and metasomal segment I, ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 8. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp., diagnostic characters. A, B. Paratype ♀ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. B. Telson, lateral aspect. C–I. Paratype ♂ (MHNC). C. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. D. Metasomal segments IV, V and telson, lateral aspect. E. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. F. Metasomal segment IV, ventral aspect. G. Dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. H. Dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. I. Tergite V, dorsal aspect showing pigmentation pattern. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 9. Hadruroides Pocock, 1893, diagnostic characters. A–C. Hadruroides chinchaysuyu, n. sp. A. Paratype ♂ (MHNC), leg III, dextral patella, dorsal aspect. B. Paratype ♀ (MHNC), dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. C. Paratype ♂ (MHNC), metasomal segments III–V, ventral aspect showing pigmentation pattern. D. Hadruroides maculatus (Thorell, 1876), ♂ (MHNC), leg III, dextral patella, dorsal aspect. E–H. H. chinchaysuyu, holotype ♂ (MHNC), sinistral hemispermatophore. E. Ental aspect. F. Dorsal aspect. G. Ectal aspect. H. Ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Hadruroides geckoi, n. sp., habitus. A, B. Paratype ♂ (AMNH). C, D. Paratype ♀ (AMNH). A, C. Dorsal aspect. B, D. Ventral aspect. Scale bars 5 1 cm.

Fig. 15. Hadruroides graceae, n. sp., holotype ♂ (MHNC). A. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral aspect. B. Metasomal segment IV, lateral aspect. C. Metasomal segment IV, ventral aspect. D. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. E. Dextral pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect. F. Dextral pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect. G. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect. H. Dextral pedipalp chela, ventral aspect. I. Dextral pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Tables

Abbreviations

NEW	University of Newcastle
AMNH	American Museum of Natural History
R	Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile
MHNC	Museo de Historia Natural de Concepcion (Chile)