Tityus (Archaeotityus), Lourenco, 2006

Moreno-González, Jairo A., O, Ranulfo González & D, Eduardo Flórez, 2019, Taxonomic revision of the Colombian Tityus (Archaeotityus) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) species: a morphological and morphometric approach, with a description of a new species, Zootaxa 4660 (1), pp. 1-94 : 6-8

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4660.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA70C158-7FB0-4B46-9A1D-EA32D24B19B6
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648574
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E6-3259-1033-FF3E-F940DA9D3C87
treatment provided by	Plazi (2019-08-26 08:34:24, last updated 2024-11-27 07:17:11)
scientific name	Tityus (Archaeotityus)
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Subgenus Archaeotityus Lourenço, 2006

Archaeotityus Lourenço 2006: 56–58 , 60, figures 1, 2, 16, 17.

Type species. Tityus clathratus Koch, 1844 , designated by Lourenço 2006.

Diagnosis (emended). The members of Tityus (Archaeotityus) can be easily recognized by the following character state combinations: (1) total length between 25–43 mm ( Figures 4 View FIGURE 4 , 21 View FIGURE 21 , 24 View FIGURE 24 , 31 View FIGURE 31 , 41 View FIGURE 41 , Tables 4 View TABLE 4 , 9 View TABLE 9 , 10 View TABLE 10 ); (2) general body coloration with a dark yellow background slightly to densely covered with variegated brown or reddish-brown spots ( Figures 4 View FIGURE 4 , 21 View FIGURE 21 , 24 View FIGURE 24 , 31 View FIGURE 31 , 41 View FIGURE 41 ); (3) metasomal segments I–IV ventral carinae parallel ( Figure 1A View FIGURE 1 ); (4) pectines with 11–20 teeth ( Table 2); (5) females with pectinal basal middle lamellae not dilated; (6) dorsal margins of the movable fingers with 11–15 oblique rows of denticles ( Table 3); and (7) telson with a medium-sized to large-sized pyramidal subaculear tubercle ( Figures 19 View FIGURE 19 , 20 View FIGURE 20 ).

Comparisons. Tityus (Archaeotityus) is more similar to Tityus (Caribetityus) and Tityus (Brazilotityus) , sharing with them a small body size (18–43 mm) and a similar color pattern that is composed of a yellow background covered with brown or reddish-brown spots. Tityus (Archaeotityus) differs from Tityus (Caribetityus) and Tityus (Brazilotityus) by having a medium-sized to large-sized pyramidal subaculear tubercle, while, Tityus (Brazilotityus) has a well-developed acute tubercle, and Tityus (Caribetityus) exhibits an acute tubercle which can be well-developed, vestigial or absent. Also, Tityus (Archaeotityus) can be easily distinguished from Tityus (Brazilotityus) by the presence of well-developed pectinal fulcra, while in Tityus (Brazilotityus) pectinal fulcra are absent or vestigial.

Hemispermatophores of Tityus (Archaeotityus) . The male hemispermatophore of Tityus (Archaeotityus) has only been described for three species: T. paraguayensis ( Ojanguren-Affilastro 2005: figures 43, 44); T. ocelote (Francke & Stockwell 1991: 24, figure 104); and T. wachtelii ( Kovarik et al. 2015: 34, figures 142–145). Here we describe the hemispermatophore for T. bastosi ( Figure 13 View FIGURE 13 ), T. columbianus ( Figure 23 View FIGURE 23 ), T. guane sp. nov. ( Figure 27 View FIGURE 27 ), T. parvulus ( Figure 36 View FIGURE 36 ), and T. tayrona ( Figure 43 View FIGURE 43 ). All mentioned species share the following character states related to hemispermatophore morphology: (1) hemispermatophore thin and sclerotized; (2) stalk flagelliform, folded once over itself ( Figures 13 View FIGURE 13 , 23 View FIGURE 23 , 27 View FIGURE 27 , 37 View FIGURE 37 ); (3) pedicel narrow and flat ( Figures 13 View FIGURE 13 , 23 View FIGURE 23 , 27 View FIGURE 27 , 36 View FIGURE 36 ); (4) pedal flexure inconspicuous ( Figures 13 View FIGURE 13 , 23 View FIGURE 23 , 27 View FIGURE 27 , 37 View FIGURE 37 , 44 View FIGURE 44 ); (5) stem occupying 2/3 of the hemispermatophore total length ( Figures 13 View FIGURE 13 , 23 View FIGURE 23 , 27 View FIGURE 27 , 37 View FIGURE 37 , 44 View FIGURE 44 ); and (6) basal hook curved towards the posterior region ( Figures 13B View FIGURE 13 , 23B View FIGURE 23 , 27B View FIGURE 27 , 37B View FIGURE 37 , 44B View FIGURE 44 ). While, these character states are homogeneous, interspecific variations in the capsule region and intraspecific variations in the shape of the basal hook can occur (see variability). Determination of the diagnostic value of hemispermatophore morphology at the specific level within Tityus (Archaeotityus) requires examination of additional species.

Included species. 23 species ( Table 1).

Distribution. Costa Rica to Central Argentina.

References

Koch, C. L. (1836) Die Arachniden. N ʾ rnberg: C. H. Zehsche Buchhandlung, 3 (1 - 5), 17 - 104.

Kovarik, F. (2005) Novy druh stira Tityus kaderkai sp. n. v terariu. Arachnologie, 58 - 61.

Kovarik, F., Teruel, R., Lowe, G. & Friedrich, S. (2015) Four new scorpion species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Amazonian Peru. Euscorpius, 210, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.18590 / euscorpius. 2015. vol 2015. iss 210. 1

Kraepelin, K. (1914) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Skorpione und Pedipalpen Columbiens. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles, Neuchatel, 5, 15 - 28.

Lourenco, W. R. (1984) Analyse taxonomique des Scorpions du groupe Tityus clathratus Koch, 1845 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Bulletin Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e series, 6, 349 - 360.

Lourenco, W. R. (1991) Les scorpions de Colombie, II. Les faunes des regions de Santa Marta et de la. Cordillere Orientale. Approche biogeographique. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 71 (4), 275 - 288.

Lourenco, W. R. (2005) A new species of Tityus Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Ecuador. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 14 (171), 221 - 227.

Lourenco, W. R., Jesus-Junior, M. M. B. & Limeira-De-Oliveira, F. (2006) A new species of Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from the state of Maranh o in Brazil. Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 38, 117 - 120.

Ojanguren-Affilastro, A. A. (2005) Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 11, 75 - 247.

Thorell, T. (1876) On the classification of scorpions. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 97, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293760868188 9

Figures

FIGURE 1. Tityus (Archaeotityus) Lourenço, 2006, metasomal segments I–V showing distribution of macrosetae.A. Segments I–V, ventral aspect. B. Segment V, lateral aspect. Abbreviations: ML, median lateral; VL, ventrolateral; VSM, ventrosubmedian.

FIGURE 4. Tityus (Archaeotityus) bastosi Lourenço, 1984, habitus. A, B. Female (ICN-As-740). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Ventral aspect. C, E. Male (San Martín, Meta) (ICN-As-738). C. Dorsal aspect. E. Ventral aspect. D, F. Male (Puerto López, Meta) (ICN-As-741). D. Dorsal aspect. F. Ventral aspect. Scale bars= 10 mm.

FIGURE 13. Tityus (Archaeotityus) bastosi Lourenço, 1984, dextral hemispermatophore, showing capsule details, male (ICN- As-741). A. Posterior view. B. Lateral view. C. Anterior view. D, E. Capsule variations, anterior view. D. Male (San Martín, Meta) (ICN-As-738). E. Male (Villavicencio, Meta) (MZUSP 71740). Abbreviations: Bc, basal carina; Bh, basal hook; Dc, distal carina; Sdm, sperm duct membrane. Scale bar= 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 19. Tityus (Archaeotityus) Lourenço, 2006, female telson sculpturing, lateral aspect. A. Tityus bastosi Lourenço, 1984 (ICN-As-740). B. Tityus columbianus (Thorell, 1876) (ICN-As-739). C. Tityus guane sp. nov. (paratype) (ICN-As-1003). D. Tityus parvulus Kraepelin, 1914 (ICN-As-1004). E. Tityus tayrona Lourenço, 1991 (ICN-As-181). Scale bars= 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 20. Tityus (Archaeotityus) Lourenço, 2006, male telson sculpturing, lateral aspect. A. Tityus bastosi Lourenço, 1984 (ICN-As-741). B. Tityus columbianus (Thorell, 1876) (ICN-As-524). C. Tityus guane sp. nov. (holotype) (ICN-As-1003). D. Tityus parvulus Kraepelin, 1914 (ICN-As-1004). E. Tityus tayrona Lourenço, 1991 (ICN-As-181). Scale bars= 1.5 mm.

FIGURE 21. Tityus (Archaeotityus) columbianus (Thorell, 1876), habitus. A, B. Female (ICN-As-739). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Ventral aspect. C, E. Male (Villa de Leyva, Boyacá) (ICN-As-739). C. Dorsal aspect. E. Ventral aspect. D, F. Male (Villa de Leyva, Boyacá) (ICN-As-524). D. Dorsal aspect. F. Ventral aspect. Scale bars= 10 mm.

FIGURE 23. Tityus (Archaeotityus) columbianus (Thorell, 1876), dextral hemispermatophore, showing capsule details, male (ICN-As-739). A. Posterior view. B. Lateral view. C. Anterior view. D. Capsule variation, anterior view, male (Villa de Leyva, Boyacá) (ICN-As-524). Abbreviations: Bc, basal carina; Bh, basal hook; Dc, distal carina; Sdm, sperm duct membrane. Scale bar= 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 24. Tityus (Archaeotityus) guane sp. nov., habitus. A, B. Male holotype (ICN-As-1003). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Ventral aspect. C, D. Female paratype (ICN-As-1003). C. Dorsal aspect. B. Ventral aspect. Scale bars= 10 mm.

FIGURE 27. Tityus (Archaeotityus) guane sp. nov., dextral hemispermatophore, showing capsule details, male (Los Santos, Santander) (MZSP 71736). A. Posterior view. B. Lateral view. C. Anterior view. D. Capsule variation, anterior view, male (Los Santos, Santander) (MZSP 71736). Abbreviations: Bc, basal carina; Bh, basal hook; Dc, distal carina; Sdm, sperm duct membrane. Scale bar= 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 31. Tityus (Archaeotityus) parvulus Kraepelin, 1914, habitus. A, B. Female (ICN-As-1004). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Ventral aspect. C, E. Male (Chinchiná, Caldas) (ICN-As-1004). C. Dorsal aspect. E. Ventral aspect. D, F. Male (Chinchiná, Caldas) (ICN-As-1004). D. Dorsal aspect. F. Ventral aspect. Scale bars= 10 mm.

FIGURE 36. Tityus (Archaeotityus) parvulus Kraepelin, 1914, male pedipalp chela. A–C. Male (Chinchiná, Caldas) (ICN-As- 1004). A. External aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ventral aspect. Scale bar= 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 37. Tityus (Archaeotityus) parvulus Kraepelin, 1914, dextral hemispermatophore, showing capsule details, male (Villamaría, Caldas) (MZSP 71738). A. Posterior view. B. Lateral view. C. Anterior view. D. Capsule variation, anterior view, male (Chinchiná, Caldas) (ICN-As-1004). Abbreviations: Bc, basal carina; Bh, basal hook; Dc, distal carina; Sdm, sperm duct membrane. Scale bar= 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 41. Tityus (Archaeotityus) tayrona Lourenço, 1991, habitus. A, B. Female (ICN-As-181). A. Dorsal aspect. B. Ventral aspect. C, E. Male (Zambrano, Bolívar) (ICN-As-181). C. Dorsal aspect. E. Ventral aspect. D, F. Male (Zambrano, Bolívar). D. Dorsal aspect. F. Ventral aspect. Scale bars= 10 mm.

FIGURE 43. Tityus (Archaeotityus) tayrona Lourenço, 1991, male pedipalp chela. A–C. Male (Zambrano, Bolívar) (ICN-As- 181). A. External aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ventral aspect. D–F. Male (Zambrano, Bolívar) (ICN-As-181). D. External aspect. E. Dorsal aspect. F. Ventral aspect. Scale bars= 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 44. Tityus (Archaeotityus) tayrona Lourenço, 1991, dextral hemispermatophore, showing capsule details (Zambrano, Bolívar) (ICN-As-181). A. Posterior view. B. Lateral view. C. Anterior view. D, E. Capsule variations, anterior view. D. Male (La Dorada, Caldas) (ICN-As-1006). E. Male (Valledupar, César) (MZUSP 71735). Abbreviations: Bc, basal carina; Bh, basal hook; Dc, distal carina; Sdm, sperm duct membrane. Scale bar= 1.0 mm.