Caliroa

Hara, Hideho & Ibuki, Shinichi, 2020, Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4768 (3), pp. 301-333 : 303-304

Key to Japanese species of Caliroa

Adults

1 Hind leg dark brown to black, without pale areas, at most narrowly brown on apex of femur ( Fig. 1A, B, I, J )............ 2

- Hind leg with white, yellow or yellow brown areas ( Figs 1 C–H, 2A–R).......................................... 3

2(1) Postocellar area 1.3–1.5 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, with anterior groove laterally ( Fig. 3B ). Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs usually located near or at joint of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m ( Fig. 1A ). Male hind wing without marginal vein ( Fig. 4C )...................................................................... C. cerasi , ♀ ♂

- Postocellar area 2.1–2.2 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove as in Fig. 3A . Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located far basal to joint of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m ( Fig. 1I ). Male hind wing with marginal vein ( Fig. 4H ).............................................................................. C. ibukii , ♀ ♂

3(1) Wings almost colorless, sometimes slightly blackish on cells C and Sc and below stigma in forewing ( Fig. 1C, E, G )...... 4

- Wings distinctly brownish or blackish on basal two thirds ( Fig. 2 )............................................... 6

4(3) Forewing slightly blackish on cells C and Sc and usually blackish below stigma ( Fig. 1C ). Lancet with middle serrulae nearly triangular in outline, with acute teeth ( Fig. 6I ; fig. 23 in Lacourt, 2002)........................................... 5

- Forewing almost colorless all over ( Fig. 1E, G ). Lancet with middle serrulae nearly wide oval in outline, with rounded teeth ( Fig. 7D, F ). [Hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A in female ( Fig. 4E ), with marginal vein in male ( Fig. 4F ).]............................................................... C. oishii , ♀ ♂

5(4) In female, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located apical to apex of cell 1A ( Fig. 4D ); lancet with ctenidia (= groups of setae) of middle annuli extending to or near ventral margin of lancet ( Fig. 6I ).... C. bibaiensis , ♀ [♂ unknown]

- In female, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A (fig. 5 in Lacourt, 2002; photos in Taeger et al., 2018); lancet with ctenidia of middle annuli widely separated from ventral margin of lancet (fig. 23 in Lacourt, 2002). [In male, hind wing with marginal vein (fig. 2 in Lacourt, 2002).].............................. C. varipes , ♀ ♂

6(3) In female and male, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located apical to apex of cell 1A and without marginal vein ( Fig. 4I, K , M–P)................................................................................. 7

- In female, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located at or basal to apex of cell 1A and without marginal vein ( Fig. 4J, L, Q, T ). In male, hind wing as in female, or without crossvein cu-a and with marginal vein ( Fig. 4R, S )........ 10

7(6) Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose ( Fig. 5I, J ) or setose on wide medial area (Fig. K). Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.4 × as long as first flagellomere ( Fig. 3 T–V)........................................................... 8

- Mesoscutellar appendage only with several setae posterolaterally ( Fig. 5E ) or entirely glabrous. Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.6–2.1 × as long as first flagellomere ( Fig. 3R )...................................... C. vaccini , ♀ ♂ part

8(7) Malar space without setae. Lancet with deep serrulae ( Fig. 9A, B , 10 A–H)........................................ 9

- Malar space with row of setae (in male often partly glabrous). Lancet with very shallow serrulae ( Fig. 9 C–F). [Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.1–0.2 × median length of clypeus ( Fig. 3J ). Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.0 × as long as first flagellomere ( Fig. 3U ). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose ( Fig. 5J )]....................... C. staphyleae , ♀ ♂

9(8) Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.2 × median length of clypeus ( Fig. 3I ). Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.4 × as long as first flagellomere ( Fig. 3T ). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose ( Fig. 5I ). Lancet with 14 serrulae ( Fig. 9A, B ).................................................................................... C. aizankei , ♀ [♂ unknown]

- Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus ( Fig. 3K, L ). Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.2 × as long as first flagellomere ( Fig. 3V ). Mesoscutellar appendage setose medially ( Fig. 5K ). Lancet with 17–18 serrulae ( Fig. 10 A–H)............................................................. C. zelkovae , ♀ few specimens

10(6) Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.1–1.2 × as long as first flagellomere (fig. 2H in Hara, 2011). Mesoscutellar appendage entirely glabrous ( Fig. 5H ). Male hind wing without marginal vein (fig. 2M in Hara, 2011).................. C. nara , ♀ ♂

- Combination of character states not as above.............................................................. 11

11(10) Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.5–2.1 × as long as first flagellomere ( Fig. 3R, S ). Mesoscutellar appendage entirely glabrous or narrowly setose posterolaterally ( Fig. 5E, F ). Male hind wing without marginal vein...................... 12

- Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.3 × as long as first flagellomere ( Fig. 3V, W ). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose ( Fig. 5L, M ) or serose on wide medial area ( Fig. 5K ). Male hind wing with marginal vein ( Fig. 4R, S )........... 13

12(11) Hind leg predominantly yellow to yellow brown, darkened on base of coxa and apices of tibia and tarsus and sometimes on base of femur (except for trochantellus) ( Fig. 2B ). Clypeus with depth of ventral emargination 0.2 × median length of clypeus ( Fig. 3H )................................................................................. C. vaccini , ♀ ♂ part

- Hind leg predominantly black, yellow or white on bases of tibia and tarsus ( Fig. 2D ). Clypeus with depth of ventral emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus (fig. 2E in Hara, 2011)...................................... C. ouensis , ♀ ♂

13(11) Hind tibia black, yellow on basal third ( Fig. 2R ). Lancet with ctenidia (= groups of setae) of middle annuli ventrally extending to level of base of serrula ( Fig. 10K, L ); middle serrulae shallower than wide, with three or four posterior teeth; areas between serrulae distinctly convex. [Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures ( Fig. 5M ). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose ( Fig. 5M ).]............................................................. C. nire , ♀ [♂ unknown]

- Hind tibia brown yellow to brown, at most narrowly darkened apically or dorsoapically ( Fig. 2L, N, P ). Lancet not as above ( Fig. 10 A–J)........................................................................................ 14

14(13) Mesoscutellum usually posterolaterally with one or some relatively large punctures along posterior margin ( Fig. 5K ). Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus. Lancet with middle serrulae about as deep as wide, with five or more posterior teeth ( Fig. 10 A–H); areas between serrulae distinctly convex. Male hind wing with section of marginal vein in cell Cu (section arrowed in Fig. 4R ) separated from wing margin in posterior half.................... C. zelkovae , ♀ ♂

- Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures ( Fig. 5L ). Clypeus with depth of ventral emargination 0.2–0.3 × median length of clypeus. Lancet with middle serrulae shallower than wide, with three or four posterior teeth ( Fig. 10I, J ; fig. 3 in Hara & Shinohara, 2013); areas between serrulae slightly convex. Male hind wing with section of marginal vein in cell Cu (section arrowed in Fig. 4S ) separated from wing margin in posterior fourth....................... C. matsumotonis , ♀ ♂

Figures

FIGURE 1. Female adults (A–J) and immature stages (K–T). A, B, Caliroa cerasi, female, Sapporo. C, D, K, L, C. bibaiensis: C, D, female, holotype; K, L, late instar larvae on Crataegus chlorosarca, Bibai, 6 August 2009. E–H, M, C. oishii: E, F, female, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; G, H, female, holotype of C. quercivora; M, late instar larva on Quercus crispula, Shintoku, 28 August 1993. I, J, N, C. ibukii: I, J, female, holotype; N, final feeding-instar larva, 6 July 2018. O, C. staphyleae, late instar larvae on Staphylea bumalda, Nakagawa, 9 July 2012. P–S, C. zelkovae: P, eggs in Zelkova serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; Q, young larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 26 June 2014; R, middle and late instar larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; S, late instar larva on Prunus domestica, Nakagawa, 8 July 2012. T, C. nire, late instar larva on Ulmus pumila, holotype, Shintoku, 21 August 2011. A, C, E, G, I, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, ventral or ventrolateral view. K–M, T, photographed by H. Hara. N–S, photographed by S. Ibuki.

FIGURE 2. Female adults. A, B, Caliroa vaccini, paratype. C, D, C. ouensis, holotype. E, F, C. aizankei, holotype. G–J, C. staphyleae: G, H, lectotype of C. staphyleae; I, J, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. K–P, C. zelkovae: K, L, lectotype of C. zelkovae; M, N, holotype of C. zelkova; O, P, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. Q, R, C. nire, holotype.A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, ventral or ventrolateral view.

FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed.

FIGURE 4. Hind wings, dorsal view. A–C, Caliroa cerasi: A, female, Sapporo; B, female, Shimizu; C, male, Finland. D, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. E, F, C. oishii: E, female, holotype or paratopotype; F, male, Shintoku. G, H, C. ibukii: G, female, holotype; H, male, paratype. I–K, C. vaccini: I, female, paratype; J, female, holotype or paratype; K, male, paratype. L, C. ouensis, female, holotype. M, C. aizankei, female, holotype. N–P, C. staphyleae: N, female, lectotype; O, female, Nakagawa; P, male, paralectotype. Q, R, C. zelkovae: Q, female, lectotype; R, male, Hobara. S, C. matsumotonis, male, Korea. T, C. nire, female, holotype. A, C, D, F, J, K, reversed.

FIGURE 5. Mesoscutellar appendages and adjacent areas, dorsolateral view (A–M) and first to third abdominal terga, dorsolateral view (N–P). A, N, Caliroa cerasi, female: A, Shimizu; N, Sapporo. B, O, C. bibaiensis, female: B, paratype; O, holotype. C, C. oishii, female, Mikasa. D, C. ibukii, female, holotype. E, C. vaccini, female, paratype. F, C. ouensis, female, paratype, Mt. Zao-san. G, C. annulipes, female, Austria. H, C. nara, female, Kamikawa. I, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, C. staphyleae, female, lectotype. K, C. zelkovae, female, lectotype. L, C. matsumotonis, female, lectotype. M, P, C. nire, female, holotype.

FIGURE 6. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, H), middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, I) and apices of lances (F, G). A–D, Caliroa cerasi: A, B, Sapporo; C, D, Germany. E–I, C. bibaiensis: E, holotype; F–I, paratype. 1, 5, 7, first (most basal), fifth, seventh serrula. B–D, E, H, I, reversed.

FIGURE 7. Lances and lancets (A, B, E, G), apices of lances (C, H) and middle ventral parts of lancets (D, F, I). A–F, Caliroa oishii: A–D, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; E, F, holotype of C. quercivora. G–I, C. ibukii, holotype. 1, 5, first (most basal), fifth serrula.A, G, I, reversed.

FIGURE 9. Lances and lancets (A, C, E) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F). A, B, Caliroa aizankei, holotype. C–F, C. staphyleae: C, D, lectotype of C. staphyleae; E, F, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. 5, fifth serrula. E, F, reversed.

FIGURE 10. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, G, I, K) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F, H, J, L). A–H, Caliroa zelkovae: A, B, lectotype of C. zelkovae; C, D, holotype of C. zelkova; E, F, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; G, H, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. I, J, C. matsumotonis, Higashine. K, L, C. nire, holotype. 1, 5, 7, first (most basal), fifth, seventh serrula. G, H, reversed.