Cotithene

Valente, Roberta M., Da Silva, Paulo A. L. & De Medeiros, Bruno A. S., 2019, The first species of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) from Amazonian Brazil, with notes on its role as a pollinator of Evodianthus funifer (Poit.) Lindm. (Cyclanthaceae), Zootaxa 4576 (3), pp. 461-482 : 478

Revised key to the species of Cotithene

The identification key to the species of Cotithene provided by Franz (2008: 7–8) may be modified as follows to include the new species:

1. Length 1.6–3.4 mm; rostrum of male in lateral view widest near basal 2/5 (see Franz 2008: e.g., Fig. 5A ), pronotum slightly convex (see Franz 2008: e.g., Fig. 2B ); procoxal cavities in female narrowly separated by narrow septum ( Figs 2B , 6B ).... 2

1'. Length 4.4–6.1 mm; rostrum of male in lateral view widest near apical 2/5 (see Franz 2008: e.g., Fig. 8A ), pronotum strongly expanded (see Franz 2008: e.g., Fig. 1B ); procoxal cavities in female separated by about width of antennal club........... 4

2(1). Head of male dorsally without any projections or long, suberect setae ( Figs 2A , 3A , see also Franz 2008: Fig. 5A ); spermatheca C-shaped, without projection on outer margin at point of deflection ( Fig. 7D , see also Franz 2008: Fig. 9A )........... 3

2'. Head of male dorsally with convex elevation, three triangular projections and long, suberect setae (see Franz 2008: Fig. 5B ); spermatheca J-shaped, with small, narrowly convex projection on outer margin near point of deflection (see Franz 2008: Fig. 9B )................................................................................ C. stratiotricha Franz

3(2). Elytral stria I shallow; procoxal cavities in male separated by about width of antennal club, rostrum of male dorsally without any tubercle (see Franz 2008: Fig. 5A ); sternum VIII in female with lamina V-shaped, furcal arm with 3–5 longer setae on apex (see Franz 2008: Fig. 9A ).............................................................. C. dicranopygia Franz

3'. Elytral stria I evidently sulcate ( Figs 2 , 4D ); procoxal cavities in male separated only by narrow septum ( Figs 2A , 3D ), rostrum of male with one evident tubercle on inner margin of eye ( Figs 2A , 3A ); sternum VIII in female with lamina pentagonalshaped, furcal arm with setae subequal in length, no longer setae on apex ( Fig. 7C )...................................................................................... Cotithene gorayebi Valente, da Silva & de Medeiros , sp. nov

4(1'). Head of male dorsally without projections or longer setae, anterodorsal region rugulose, prosternum without small obtuse elevation anteriorly of each procoxal cavity, aedeagus with subapical constriction (see Franz 2008: Figs 10A,B ); rostrum of female 1.7–2.1x longer than pronotum, (very) narrow, arcuate, scape not reaching eye, rostrum-head transition in lateral view slightly concave (see Franz 2008: Figs 6B , 7B ).............................................................. 5

4'. Head of male with small, posterior, triangular projection and longer, suberect setae, anterodorsal region slightly convex, prosternum with small obtuse elevation anteriorly of each procoxal cavity, aedeagus apically continuously narrowed (see Franz 2008: e.g., Figs 11 , 12 ); rostrum of female 0.9–1.1 x as long as pronotum, narrow, slightly arcuate, scape reaching anterior margin of eye, rostrum-head transition in lateral view evenly convex (see Franz 2008: Fig. 8B )........................ 6

5(4). Pronotum light reddish-brown, elytra darker reddish-brown, sclerites of aedeagus ventrally expanded at apex, irregular, undulate (see Franz 2008: Fig. 10A ); rostrum of female 2.0–2.1x as long as pronotum, very narrow (see Franz 2008: Fig. 6B )...................................................................................... C. leptorhamphis Franz

5'. Pronotum yellowish-brown, elytra dark brown, apex of aedeagal sclerites ventrally narrowed, acute (see Franz 2008: Fig. 10B ); rostrum of female 1.7x as long as pronotum, narrow (see Franz 2008: Fig. 7B ).................... C. trigaea Franz

6(4'). Pronotum light reddish-brown, elytra dark reddish-brown; internal sac of aedeagus without ventral, subquadrate to annulate structure (see Franz 2008: Fig. 11 ); spermatheca slightly constricted near apical 3/5 (see Franz 2008: Fig. 11 )................................................................................................. C. globulicollis Voss

6'. Pronotum nearly orange, elytra dark reddish-brown to black; internal sac of aedeagus with ventral, subquadrate to annulate structure (see Franz 2008: Figs 12A, 12B ); spermatheca apically gradually narrowed (see Franz 2008: Figs 12A, 12B )..... 7

7(6'). Rostrum of male without basal impression, head dorsally with sparse, long, recurvate setation, internal sac of aedeagus ventrally with complex, annulate structure (see Franz 2008: Fig. 12A ); female with posterior margins of furcal arms of sternum VIII obliquely truncate, spermatheca J-shaped (see Franz 2008: Fig. 12A ); Costa Rica.............. C. anaphalanta Franz

7'. Rostrum of male with slight, basal impression, head dorsally with dense, long, recurvate, anteromedially directed setation, internal sac of aedeagus ventrally with irregular, subquadrate structure (see Franz 2008: Fig. 12B ); female with posterior margins of furcal arms of sternum VIII evenly rounded, spermatheca C-shaped (see Franz 2008: Fig. 12B ); Venezuela............................................................................................ C. melanoptera Franz

Figures

FIGURE 1. Collection of inflorescence in anthesis of Evodianthus funifer at Parque Estadual do Utinga, Belém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A Entire inflorescence cut off with pole pruner, arrow indicates the inflorescence; B Inflorescence caught in the plastic bag, note individuals of Cotithene inside the bag.

FIGURE 2. Cotithene gorayebi, habitus, dorsal, lateral and ventral view. A Male, Holotype; B Female, Paratype. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Cotithene gorayebi, paratypes, male. A Rostrum and head, lateral view, showing detail of eye; B Rostrum and head, frontal view; C Pronotum; D Prosternum. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 4. Cotithene gorayebi, paratype, male. A Metanoto and tergites I–VIII; B Detail of tergites III–VI; C Detail of tergites VII–VIII; D Elytron; E Ventrites I–V. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 5. Cotithene gorayebi, paratype, male. A Sternum VIII, ventral view; B Sternum IX, ventral view; C Tegmen, ventral view; D Aedeagus with tegmen, lateral view; E Aedeagus, ventral view; F Aedeagus, detail of distal region, dorsal view; G Aedeagus, lateral view; H Aedeagus, detail of distal region, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E and G–H, 0.1mm; D and F, 100 µm.

FIGURE 6. Cotithene gorayebi, paratype, female. A Rostrum and head, lateral view; B Prosternum; C Tergite VII; D Ventrites I–V. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 7. Cotithene gorayebi, paratype, female. A Tergum VIII, ventral view; B Coxite + Style, ventral view; C Sternum VIII, ventral view; D spermatheca, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURE 8. Anthesis phases of inflorescence of Evodianthus funifer at Parque Estadual do Utinga, Belém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A Phase prior to anthesis; B The beginning of pistillate phase; C The end of pistillate phase; D Staminate phase.

FIGURE 9. A–B Detail of inflorescences of Evodianthus funifer in the pistillate phase, arrows indicate individuals of Cotithene gorayebi between the still closed staminate flowers and occupying the spaces where the pistillate flowers are located.

FIGURE 10. Detail of inflorescences of Evodianthus funifer in the pistillate phase. A Arrow indicates individual of Cotithene gorayebi feeding on base of staminodes. B Arrow indicates individual of Cotithene gorayebi gnawing the perianth of closed staminate flower to access the anthers.

FIGURE 11. A–B Detail of inflorescences of Evodianthus funifer in the staminate phase, arrows indicate individuals of Cotithene gorayebi occupying the space into staminate flowers.

FIGURE 12. Cotithene gorayebi, paratype, male. A Proleg, ventral view; B Detail of the foveola on procoxa; C Apex of rostrum, ventral view, showing maxillae and labium; D Right mandible, dorsal view; E Right maxilla, inner face; F Left maxilla, dorsal view, showing detail of setae on palpomere II; G Labium, dorsal view. Black arrow indicates apical triangular acute projection on palpomere II. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B–G, 0.25 µm.