Kyphosus vaigiensis ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 )

Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm & Clements, Kendall D., 2013, Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), Zootaxa 3751 (1), pp. 1-101 : 65-66

Kyphosus vaigiensis ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)

(Common name: golden chub, brassy chub, lowfin drummer, lowfin chub, blue-bronze chub and yellow chub) ( Figure 15 , 19 , 21 , 22, Table 7, 8–18)

Pimelepterus vaigiensis Quoy and Gaimard 1825: p. 316 , pl. 62, fig. 4 (type locality: Waigeo Island, Barat, Indonesia), (lectotype [designated by Sakai and Nakabo 2006]: MNHN 0000-9602, paralectotypes: MNHN 1995-0013 (1); Bauchot 1963: p. 174 (syntype: MNHN 0000-9602). Occasionally misspelled in literature as waigensis as an unjustified emendation.

Chaetodon incisor Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831: p. 266, based on the drawing made by Sydney Parkinson (see Wheeler 1986), (syntypes: MNHN 0000-9661 (2), A-0759 [not A-0758] dried).

Pimelepterus incisor Cuvier 1831: p. 266 (type locality: Brazil) (syntypes: MNHN 0000-9661 (2), A-0759 [not A-0758] dried); Bauchot 1963: p. 172.

Cantharus lineolatus Valenciennes 1830: p. 344 , (type- locality: Indian Ocean), (holotype: MNHN 0000-9624); Bauchot and Daget 1972: p. 82; Sakai and Nakabo 2008: p. 2 (recognised as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ).

Kyphosus cinerascens Seale 1906: p. 47 (non Forsskål).

Pimelepterus lembus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831: p. 269 (type-locality: Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, 11°37'S, 166°58'E), (holotype: MNHN 0000-9660); Günther 1859: p. 498; Playfair and Günther 1867: p. 46; Bleeker 1877: p. 15, pl. 2 (364), fig. 1 (Batu, Ternate, Java, Celebes); Károli 1882: p. 157; Fowler 1928: p. 221 (regarded as synonym of K. lembus ); Bauchot 1963: p. 173 as Pimelepterus lumbus .

Pimelepterus marciac Cuvier (ex Quoy and Gaimard) in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831: p. 267, (type-locality: Boni, near Papua; Jakarta [Batavia], Java, Indonesia), syntypes: MNHN 0000-9602 (2) reassigned as lectotype for K. vaigiensis by Sakai and Nakabo (2006); Dor 1984: p. 167; Sakai and Nakabo 1995: p. 61 (recognised as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ).

Pimelepterus oblongir Cuvier 1831 (nomen dubium) re-described by Bleeker (1877) pl. 346, fig. 3, (type-locality: unknown), type: reported lost at RMNH by Bauchot (1963) and by Sakai and Nakabo (1995).

Pimelepterus ternatensis Bleeker 1853: p. 604 (type-locality: Ternate [ Moluccas, Indonesia), type is missing, recognised as a synonym of Pimelepterus lembus by Bleeker (1877), recognised again as a synonym of Kyphosus vaigiensis by Sakai and Nakabo (1995); Günther 1859: p. 499; Fowler 1933: p. 210 (regarded a synonym of K. vaigiensis ); Sakai and Nakabo 1995): p. 61 (as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ), Randall 2005: p. 306 (regarded a synonym of K. vaigiensis ).

Pimelepterus analogus Gill 1862: p. 245 (type locality: Capo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico) (holotype: USNM 3001); Osburn and Nichols 1916, p. 167.

Pimelepterus flavolineatus Poey 1866: p. 319 (type locality Havana, Cuba) (holotype: MCZ 21712); Howell Rivero 1938: p. 203; Desoutter 1973: p. 421; Desoutter 1990: p. 832.

Pimelepterus waigiensis Bleeker 1877: p. 12 , pl. (type-locality: New Guinea, Waigiu), type: RMNH 5728, same type as the holotype for Kyphosus bleekeri Fowler, 1933 ; Günther 1880: p. 56; Macleay 1883: p. 264; Günther 1889: p. 5 (North off New Guinea); Fowler 1928, p. 222 (regarded as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ); Sakai and Nakabo 1995: p. 68 (recognised as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ).

Pimelepterus oblongior Cuvier 1831: p. 264 , (no type locality), holotype: RMNH [lost], possible synonym of Kyphosus sectatrix ( Linnaeus 1758) ; Bleeker 1877: pl. 364, fig. 3; Weber and de Beaufort 1936: p. 227, fig. 58; Bauchot 1963: p. (reported the specimen lost); Desoutter 1973: p. 420; Desoutter 1990: p. 831; Sakai and Nakabo 1995: p. 61 (considered a nomen dubium as the specimen is lost).

Kyphosus analogus Jordan 1885a: p. 380 ; Jordan 1885b: p. 880; Meek and Hildebrand 1925: p. 605; Fowler 1944b: p. 296; Brooks 1987: p. 49 (Redondo Beach, California); Pequeño 1989: p. 62; Robins et al. 1991: p. 55 (Pacific); Allen and Robertson 1994: p. 177 (Southern California to Peru and Galápagos); Bussing and López 1994: p. 136; Sommer 1995: p. 1199 (Pacific coast of Mexico and California); Grove and Lavenberg 1997: p. 429, fig. 240b, 241; Chirichigno and Vélez 1998: p. 366, fig. 582; Thomson et al. 2001: p.139, pl. 11; Nelson et al. 2004: p. 150 (Pacific); Humann and DeLoach 2004: p. 60 (Gulf of California to Panama, Peru); McCosker and Rosenblatt 2010: p. 193.

Kyphosus waigiensis Jordan and Seale 1905: p. 271 (Apia) ; Fowler 1928, p. 222 (regarded as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ).

Kyphosus gibsoni Ogilby 1912: p. 50 , (type-locality: Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia), (holotype: QM I.30); Allen and Swainston 1988: p. 92; Kuiter 1993: p. 211 (photos are of K. bigibbus ); Sakai and Nakabo 1995: p. 61, (recognised as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ); Kuiter 1997: p. 202; Kuiter 2000: p. 211 (photos are of K. bigibbus ); Randall 2005: p. 306 (regarded a synonym of K. vaigiensis ); Hoese and Bray 2006: p. 1323.

Kyphosus lembus Fowler 1928: p. 221 ( Zanzibar, Melanesia); Fowler 1929: p. 645; Fowler 1933: p. 209 (regarded as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ); Fowler 1944a: p. 192; Araga 1984: p. 166; Sakai and Nakabo 1995: p. 61 (recognised as a synonym of K. vaigiensis ); Chen et al. 1997: p. 108; Randall and Lim 2000: p. 623; Randall 2005: p. 306 (recognised as synonym of K. vaigiensis ).

Leptokyphosus gibsoni Whitley 1931: p. 320 (type as designated by Ogilby 1912); Whitley 1964: p. 47.

Kyphosus bleekeri Fowler 1933: p. 211 , (type-locality: East Indies. Based on Bleeker (1877), p. 17, pl. 364, fig. 2), (holotype: RMNH 5728); Sakai and Nakabo 1995: p. 61 (regarded a synonym of K. vaigiensis ); Markevich 2005: p. 283; Randall 2005: p. 306 (regarded a synonym of K. vaigiensis ).

Kyphosus incisor Jordan 1908: p. 76 ; Norman 1935: p. 15; Carvalho 1950: p. 99; Moore 1962: p. 462, fig. 7–9; Randall 1968: p. 160, fig. 183; Franca and Franca 1968: p. 3; Desoutter 1973: p. 421; Dooley et al. 1985: p. 26; Wheeler 1986: p. 80; Tortonese 1986: p. 912; Robins and Ray 1986: p. 191, pl. 36; Desoutter 1990: p. 832; Robins et al. 1991: p. 55 (Atlantic); Boschung 1992: p. 347; Cervignón 1992: p. 344; Cervignón 1993: p. 564, fig. 236 ( Bermuda, Massachusetts, Brazil, Mexican Gulf); Santos et al. 1997: p. 93 (Azores Archipelago); Arruda 1997: p 92; Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999: p. 279; Afonso et al. 1999: p. 76; Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000: p. 401; Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000: p. 163; Carpenter 2002: p. 1686; Menezes et al. 2003: p. 90; Nelson et al. 2004: p. 150; McEachran and Fechhelm 2005: p. 438; Wirtz et al. 2007: p. 36; Relini et al. 2010: p. 1, fig. 2, (Ligurian Sea); Williams et al. 2010: p. 18, ( Saba Bank); Davis et al. 2012: p. 1166; Iglesias 2012: p. 154.

Kyphosus vaigiensis Jordan 1908: p. 76 ; Fowler 1923: p. 41; Whitley 1964: p. 47; Dor 1984: p. 167; Russel 1983a: p. 66; Hutchins and Swainston 1986: p. 68, fig. 347; Smith 1986: p. 603; Allen and Swainston 1988: p. 92; Randall et al. 1990: p. 215; Kuiter 1993: p. 212; Francis 1993: p. 162; Goren and Dor 1994: p. 46; Sakai and Nakabo 1995: p. 61, fig. 2, table 1– 2; Randall 1995: p. 247; Mohsin and Ambak 1996: p. 390; Clements 1997: p. 219; Allen 1997: p. 144; Kuiter 1997: p. 202; Randall et al. 1997: p. 215; Myers 1999: p. 174; Fricke 1999: p. 324; Johnson 1999: p. 738; Allen 2000: p. 105; Kuiter 2000: p. 212; Pereira 2000: p. 11 ( Mozambique); Randall and Earle 2000: p. 15, fig. 18; Randall and Lim 2000: p. 623; Hutchins 2001a: p. 264; Hutchins 2001b: p. 36; Sakai 2001: p. 3295; Nakabo 2002: p. 957; Yagishita et al. 2002: p. 107, fig. 3; Youn 2002: p. 356, 626; Allen and Adrim 2003: p. 42; Allen et al. 2003: p. 132; Clements 2003: p. 130; Manilo and Bogorodsky 2003: p. S111; Myers and Donaldson 2003: p. 627; Letourneur et al. 2004: p. 212 ( Reunion Island); Sakai and Nakabo 2004: p. 20; Randall et al. 2004: p. 18; Adrim et al. 2004: p. 122; Heemstra and Heemstra 2004: p. 251; Randall 2005: p. 306; Mundy 2005: p. 411; Hoese and Bray 2006: p. 1323; Sakai and Nakabo 2006: p. 354 (key); Randall 2007: p. 272, key (Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean); Sakai and Nakabo 2008: p. 2, fig. 1, 3, table 1; Fricke et al. 2009: p. 71; Satapoomin 2009: p. 180; Golani and Bogorodsky 2010: p. 36 (Red Sea); Motomura et al. 2010: p. 133, fig. 259; Allen and Erdmann 2012: p. 515; Downie et al. 2013: p. 222; Knudsen and Clements 2013: p. 1 ; Larson et al. 2013: p. 158; Michael et al. 2013: p. 233.

Kyphosus saltatrix (non Linnaeus 1758) Ligas et al. 2011: (non K. sectatrix ) p. 1, fig. 2, table 1 (Meloria Banks, Italy).

Figures

FIGURE 15. Underwater photographs of two species of Kyphosus, photos by KDC unless specified otherwise: A) Kyphosus vaigiensis, at Piñas Perlas, Panama, November 2011, B) Kyphosus vaigiensis, at Tulumben, Bali, September 2009, C) Kyphosus vaigiensis, Tulum, Mexico, August 2011 (photo by SWK), D) Kyphosus vaigiensis, at Piñas Perlas, Panama, November 2011, E) Kyphosus ocyurus, at Pinas Perlas, November 2011, F) school of Kyphosus ocyurus, at Piñas Perlas, November 2011.

FIGURE 19. Ordination plots from a principal component analysis for comparison of multiple morphometric and meristic characters for: A) Kyphosus vaigiensis (open triangles/blue area), K. analogus (open circles/purple area) and K. incisor (open diamonds/grey area), type specimens of K. incisor (closed diamonds), specimen of K. incisor with molecular identity confirmed (closed square), ‘Ligas et al. 2011’ marks the specimen examined by Ligas et al. (2011), type specimens of K. vaigiensis (closed triangles), specimen of K. vaigiensis with molecular identity confirmed (open downpointing triangle), B) grey specimens of K. sectatrix (open circles/blue area), xanthic specimens of K. sectatrix collected at other remote islands than the Revillagigedo Islands (squares), xanthic specimens of K. sectatrix collected at the Revillagigedo Islands (open triangles/ yellow area), type specimens of K. sectatrix (open diamonds), specimens of grey K. sectatrix with molecular identity confirmed (closed circles), specimens of xanthic K. sectatrix with molecular identity confirmed (closed squares). Type specimens are noted with catalog numbers, see text for further details on morphometric and meristic characters used in combination.

FIGURE 21. Museum material and freshly caught specimens of Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard), photos by SWK unless specified otherwise, all lengths are in mm SL, scale bars equal 10 mm: A) MCZ 21712, 248 mm, holotype of Pimelepterus flavolineatus (photo by Karsten Hartel, MCZ), B) MNHN 0000-9602, 107 mm, lectotype of Pimelepterus vaigiensis, C) MNHN 1995-0013, 113 mm, paralectotype of Pimelepterus vaigiensis, D) MNHN 0000-9661 no. 1, 235 mm, syntype of Pimelepterus incisor, E) QM.I 30, 339 mm, holotype of Kyphosus gibsoni (photo by Jeffrey Johnson, QM), F) MNHN 0000-9624, 43 mm, holotype of Cantharus lineolatus, G) MNHN 0000-9661-2, 216 mm, syntype of Pimelepterus incisor, H) MNHN A-0759, 348 mm, holotype of Pimelepterus incisor, I) MNHN 0000-9660, 221 mm, holotype of Pimelepterus lembus, J) WAM P.33449-002, 370 mm.