Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819

Ratcliffe, Brett C., 2004, Lectotype designations in the New World Gymnetini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), Zootaxa 729, pp. 1-19 : 6-11

Genus Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819

Gymnetis aureotorquata Bourgoin, 1912: 42 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 10 ) at MNHN, labeled: San Antonio de Barra, Bahia / male symbol / Type / Coll. Gounelle / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female and paralectotype male at BMNH, labeled: San Antonio de Barra, Bahia / female symbol and male symbol, respectively / Bourgoin Coll. / my red lectoallotype label and yellow paralectotype label, respectively.

Gymnetis balzarica Janson, 1880: 580 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 11 ) at MNHN, labeled: Balzar Mt., Ecuador / Cotype / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Female lectoallotype at BMNH, labeled: Balzar, Ecuador / Type / Bourgoin Coll., BM, 1938 / Collection Rosenberg / my red lectoallotype label. One male paralectotype at BMNH with same labels as lectoallotype and with my yellow paralectotype label. One male paralectotype at MNHN with same labels as lectotype and with my yellow paralectotype label. Two female paralectotypes at ZMHU, labeled: Balzar, Ecuador / my yellow paralectotype labels. One male paralectotype at RMNH, labeled: Balzar Mts., Ecuador / Janson coll. / my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis bouvieri Bourgoin, 1912: 127 . Antoine (2001) designated the specimen in his Fig. 12 (from the MNHN) as the lectotype for this taxon which bears my earlier lectotype label. Antoine’s designation is the correct one since it was published first.

Paragymnetis burmeisteri Schürhoff, 1937: 63 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 13 ) at RMNH, labeled: St. Domingo, W. Indies; verso Coll. Chevrolat, ex. Coll. Olivier / female symbol / Gymnetis similis Burm. Type, undata G. P. Type, Coll. Chevrolat, ex Coll. Olivier, teste Schaum / Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Type / Type of undata G., Type of similis B., teste Schaum / Gymnetis undata Ol. / Gymnetis similis Burm., Hand 3, 296, undata G & P, Mon. 316, ID var OL., Sto. Domingo / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at ZSMC, labeled: P. au Prince, Haiti / Paragymnetis burmeisteri , Type, female symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin/ Sammlung Schürhoff / my red lectoallotype label. Paralectotype male at ZSMC, labeled: P. au Prince, Haiti / Paragymnetis burmeisteri m., Type, male symbol / determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / Sammlung Schürhoff / my yellow paralectotype label. Paralectotype male at ZSMC, labeled: Haiti / Co­type / lanius / S. burmeisteri / Sammlung Schürhoff / my yellow paralectotype label. Paralectotype female at ZSMC, labeled: P. au Prince, Haiti / Cotype /Sammlung Schürhoff / my yellow paralectotype label.

Burmeister (1842) redescribed G. similis and correctly attributed the name to Gory and Percheron (1833), whose species was described from Brazil. Labels on the Leiden lectotype indicate that Schaum believed Burmeister “described” G. similis as new and that specimen represented the type since it came from St. Domingo and was from the Chevrolat collection, the same place and collection alluded to in Burmeister’s redescription. Schürhoff (1937) recognized that the Burmeister description and specimen represented an unnamed species, and he provided a new name because G. similis was already used by Gory and Percheron. The Leiden specimen, originating in the Chevrolat collection, is designated the lectotype because I have determined that it was the same one discussed by Burmeister.

Schürhoff’s (1937) P. burmeisteri narrative lacks a description but satisfies Article 13.1.2 of the Code by referring to Burmeister’s (1842) description. Thus, it is a valid name. Type specimens become fixed at the time of description, which in this case is Schürhoff’s (1937) narrative. Accordingly, the four specimens available to Schürhoff and the specimen available to Burmeister from the Chevrolat collection become the syntypical series. This follows Article 72.4.1 of the Code that states the type series consists of all the specimens included by the author whether directly or by bibliographic reference.

Gymnetis callispila Bates, 1889: 357 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 14 ) at BMNH, labeled: N. Yucatan / Gaumer / BCA Figured / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at BMNH with same labels and with my red lectoallotype label. Male paralectotype at MNHN with same locality label and with my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis chanchamayensis Pouillaude, 1913: 393 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 15 ) at MNHN, labeled: La Merced Chanchamayo, Peru / Reçu Nov. 1904 / female symbol / Type / C. O. Schunke / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype male at MNHN with same labels and my red lectoallotype label.

Gymnetis chontalensis Janson, 1875: 374 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 16 ) at RMNH, labeled: Chontales; verso E. M. Janson / Gymnetis chontalensis , male symbol, Jans.; verso male symbol, Type / Gymnetis chontalensis , Type., O. Jans. / ( chontalensis Jans. ) / Type / Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Gymnetis flaveola F. / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Female lectoallotype at RMNH, labeled: Chontales; verso M. Janson / Type, female symbol; verso Gymnetis chontalensis S. Jans. / Type / Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Gymnetis flaveola / my red lectoallotype label.

Gymnetis colombiana Pouillaude, 1913: 281 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 17 ) at MNHN, labeled: Cauca, Dist. De Pereira, Colombia / 1886 / type / Roman M. Valencia / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. The male paralectotype referred to in the original description is unknown to me.

Gymnetis coturnix Burmeister, 1842: 289 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 18 ) at MLUH, labeled only with my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Paralectotype female at MLUH, without labels except for my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis difficilis Burmeister, 1842: 283 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 19 ) at MLUH, labeled only with my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. The female referred to in the original description is unknown to me.

Gymnetis dysoni Schaum, 1848: 67 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 20 ) at MHNG, labeled only with my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Paralectotype male at BMNH, labeled: Venezuela / Type / male symbol / my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis ecuadoriensis Pouillaude, 1913: 374 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 21 ) at MNHN, labeled: Saladero, N. W. Ecuador, III­01 / 350’ / Type / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Paralectotype male at MNHN, labeled: Chimbo, 1st Semest. 1892 / M. de Mathan / my yellow paralectotype label.

Cetonia flava Weber, 1801: 67 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 22 ) at ZMHU, labeled: Cet. flava Weber , Brasil, Weber / 12663 / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Two paralectotype females at ZMHU, labeled: my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis limbolaniata Pouillaude, 1913: 371 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 23 ) at MNHN, labeled: Brasilia / Type / female symbol / ex. Mus. van Lansberge / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Paralectotype female at MNHN, labeled: female symbol / ex. Mus. van Lansberge / my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis mathani Pouillaude, 1913: 237 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 24 ) at MNHN, labeled: Ega / Type / ex Museu H. W. Bates / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at MNHN, labeled: Teffe, Amazonas, 3rd Trimest. 1878 / Type / M. de Mathan / my red lectoallotype label.

Gymnetis meleagris Burmeister, 1842: 294 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 25 ) at MLUH, labeled: my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female and paralectotype female at MLUH with my red lectotype and yellow paralectotype labels, respectively.

Gymnetis nigrina Bates, 1886: 356 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 26 ) at BMNH, labeled: V. de Chiriqui / 4000’ / Champion / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Paralectotype female at MNHN, labeled: Chiriqui / Bates: Biol. C. A. / my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis olivina Pouillaude, 1913: 393 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 27 ) at MNHN, labeled: Cananche, Cundinimarca / Nouvelle Granada / 1st Sem. 1900 / Type / M. de Mathan / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Paralectotype male at MNHN, labeled: Canoas, Col / ex. Mus. Steinheil / my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis poecila Schaum, 1848: 66 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 28 ) at MHNG, labeled: Mexico / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at MNHN, labeled: Mexico / ex Museo Thorey / my red lectoallotype label. Two paralectotype males at ZMHU, labeled: Mexico / my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis punctipennis Burmeister, 1842: 565 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 29 ) at MLUH, labeled: my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at MLUH with my red lectoallotype label. One paralectotype male and one paralectotype female at MLUH with my yellow paralectotype labels.

Gymnetis radiicollis Burmeister, 1847: 552 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 30 ) at MNHN, labeled: ex Museu Lansberge / coll. R. Oberthur / cotype / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at MNHN with same labels and my red lectoallotype label.

Gymnetis ramulosa Bates, 1872 (1869) : 389. Lectotype female ( Fig. 31 ) at MNHN, labeled: Chontales / Type / ex. Museo H. W. Bates. Lectotype here designated. Bates’ original description referred to a male as well as a large series, but these other specimens are unknown to me.

Paragymnetis rubrocincta Schürhoff, 1937: 63 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 32 ) at ZSMC, labeled: Amazonasgebeit, Goyas / Sammlung Schürhoff / Paragymnetis rubrocincta m., Type, male symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at ZSMC with same labels (except for female symbol instead of male symbol) and with my red lectoallotype label. One male and one female paralectotype at ZSMC, each labeled: Amazonasgebeit, Goyas / Sammlung Schürhoff / co­type / my yellow paralectotype label.

Burmeister (1842) redescribed G. pantherina and correctly attributed the name to Blanchard (1842). Schürhoff (1937) recognized that the Burmeister description was different than Blanchard’s species and represented an undescribed species, and he provided a new name because G. pantherina was already used by Blanchard. Schürhoff’s (1937) narrative lacks a description but satisfies Article 13.1.2 of the Code by referring to Burmeister’s (1842) description.

Type specimens become fixed at the time of description, which in this case is Schürhoff’s (1937) narrative. Accordingly, the four specimens available to Schürhoff (now at ZSMC) are the syntypical series.

Cotinis salicis Bates, 1889: 414 . Lectotype female ( Fig. 33 ) at RMNH, labeled: Mexico City / Mexico City; verso ex Coll. Bates / ex Museo H. W. Bates, 1892 / Museum Leiden, verz. F. T. Valck Lucassen (O. E. Janson) / Cotinis salicis Bates , co­type / type / Gymnetis alboscripta Jans. / alboscripta Jans. / Gymnetis alboscripta Janson / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated.

I am designating this specimen a lectotype even though there are some slight discrepancies between Bates’ description in the Biologia and the specimen at hand. Bates indicated the specimen he described was uniformly shiny black, with a strigulose pygidium, 20 mm in length, and a male. The specimen here designated is shiny black with reddish brown elytra (possibly teneral), is missing the entire abdomen (with a cotton plug instead), is also 20 mm in length, and is a female (tridentate foretibia as opposed to bidentate foretibia in a male). Although Bates described a male, the illustration on Plate 24 of the Biologia is of a female.

In the description, Bates did not state whether he had a single specimen or more. Describing a male but illustrating a female suggests he may have had more than a single specimen, and one of the labels on the Leiden specimen does say “co­type.” I have not found other syntypes of Cotinis salicis at London or Paris where most of the Bates material resides. In view of all of the above, I believe it is best to fix the name by designating this specimen as the lectotype since the other specimens in the type series were not located.

Gymnetis scheini Schürhoff, 1937: 62 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 34 ) at ZSMC, labeled: Mujo, Amazon. / Gymnetis scheini m., Type, male symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / Sammlung Schürhoff / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at ZSMC, labeled: Mujo, 9.1922 / Gymnetis scheini m., Type, female symbol, determ. Schürhoff, Berlin / Sammlung Schürhoff / my red lectoallotype label.

In new species descriptions adjacent to that of G. scheini, Schürhoff used the terms “ type,” “allotype,” and " paratype." However, he failed to use these designations for G. scheini , thus necessitating a lectotype designation.

Gymnetis vandepolli Bates, 1889: 415 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 35 ) at BMNH, labeled: Bugaba, Panama / B. C. A. Col. II (2) / Type / Champion / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Female lectoallotype labeled: Chontales, Nicaragua / B. C. A. Col. II (2) / T. Belt / my red lectoallotype label. One male paralectotype at BMNH labeled Chontales, Nicaragua / B. C. A. Col. II (2) / T. Belt / my yellow paralectotype label.

Gymnetis variabilis Moser, 1921: 183 . Lectotype male at ZMHU, labeled: Huanuco, Peru / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at ZMHU, labeled: Huanuco, Peru and with my red lectoallotype label. Two male paralectotypes at ZMHU, labeled Huanuco, Peru and with my yellow paralectotype labels.

Gymnetis zikani Moser, 1921: 183 . Lectotype male ( Fig. 36 ) at ZMHU, labeled: Amazonasgebeit, Alta Mira, Rio Xingu, Para / Gymnetis zikani Mos. , Type / my red lectotype label. Lectotype here designated. Lectoallotype female at FIOC, labeled: Ponte Nova, Rio Xingu / Cotype / Coleção J. F. Zikan / my red lectoallotype label.

Figures

FIGURES 10 – 18. Lectotypes of (10) Gymnetis aureotorquata Bourgoin, (11) G. balzarica Janson, (12) G. bouvieri Bourgoin, (13) Paragymnetis burmeisteri Schürhoff, (14) G. callispila Bates, (15) G. chanchamayensis Pouillaude, (16) G. chontalensis Janson, (17) G. colombiana Pouillaude, (18) G. coturnix Burmeister.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Lectotypes of (19) Gymnetis difficilis Burmeister, (20) G. d y s o n i Schaum, (21) G. ecuadoriensis Pouillaude, (22) Cetonia flava Weber, (23) G. limbolaniata Pouillaude, (24) G. mathani Pouillaude, (25) G. m e le a gr is Burmeister, (26) G. nigrina Bates, (27) G. olivina Pouillaude.

FIGURES 28 – 36. Lectotypes of (28) Gymnetis poecila Schaum, (29) G. punctipennis Burmeister, (30) G. radiicollis Burmeister, (31) G. r am ulo sa Bates, (32) Paragymnetis rubrocincta Schürhoff, (33) Cotinis salicis Bates, (34) G. s c he in i Schürhoff, (35) G. vandepolli Bates, (36) G. zikani Moser.