Quadrulella symmetrica (Wallich 1864) Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara

Anush Kosakyan, Daniel J. G. Lahr, Matthieu Mulot, Ralf Meisterfeld, Edward A. D. Mitchell & Enrique Lara, 2016, Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes, Cladistics 32, pp. 606-623 : 620

Quadrulella symmetrica (Wallich 1864) Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara ( Fig. 3 )

1863 Difflugia proteiformis var. symmetrica Wallich, An. Mag. Nat. Hist. xii: 458.

1864 Difflugia pyriformis var. symmetrica Wallich, An. Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii: 232.

1864 Difflugia symmetrica Wallich, An. Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii: 245.

1871 Difflugia assulata Ehrenberg, Abh. Ak. Wis. Berlin: 249.

1871 Assulina assulata Ehrenberg, Abh. Ak. Wis. Berlin: 246.

1871 Difflugia carolensis Ehrenberg, Abh. Ak. Wis. Berlin: 250.

1871 Assulina leptolepis Ehrenberg, Abh. Ak. Wis. Berlin: 246, 274.

1875 Quadrula symmetrica Schulze, Arch. mik. Anat.: 329. (homonym)

Updated description. Test ovoid or pyriform, with a rounded posterior end, laterally compressed towards the pseudostome. Test colourless, composed of square plates, regularly arranged in rows. The plates are smaller near the aperture (4 – 5 µm), then gradually larger (reaching up to 10 – 12 µm) towards the posterior end of the test. Test length = 72 – 85 µm, breadth = 40 – 46 µm. Pseudostome 20 – 23 µm wide, often curved and bordered by a thin organic lip.

Differential diagnosis. Morphologically very similar to Q. variabilis , from which it differs by the dimension of the test and the size of scale plates (L = 72 – 85 µm, maximum plate size 10 – 12 µm in Q. symmetrica versus L = 66 – 69 µm, maximum scale size 7 – 9 µm). It can be discriminated from Q. madibai , which has plates of similar size, based on its less slender and elongated test (L/ B ratio is 2.0 – 2.3 in Q. madibai versus 1.7 – 1.9 in Q. symmetrica ). Moreover, the general outline of the test in Q. madibai is globally more tubular and does not present a distinct neck. Our molecular data clearly separate these two species (sequence divergence up to 10%).

Type. Fig. 16 in Wallich, 1863 An. Mag. Nat. Hist. XII.

Notes. Q. symmetrica is found in wet mosses ( Sphagnum or other), water streams, forest litter and soil, from all continents, except Antarctica. Detailed morphological and molecular observations are needed to clarify the true position of all described forms.

Figures

Fig. 3. Light micrographs of barcoded Quadrulella symmetrica s. s. cells: (a) cell Q- 75; (b) cell Q- 83; (c) cell Q- 81; (d) cell Q- 90; (e) cell Q- 63; (f) cell Q- 73; (g) cell Q- 51; (h) cell Q- 102; (i) cell Q- 100; (j) cell Q- 95; (k) cell Q- 82; (l) cell Q- 51. Scale bars = 10 µm.