Lemonia strigata Antoshin & Zolotuhin, 2011

Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E. & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae), Zootaxa 5195 (4), pp. 337-360 : 346

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2719E744-4D6E-4E38-B031-422E2CA0489F
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7192993
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EA-FFAE-FFF4-FF22-6FC41D8D7436
treatment provided by	Plazi (2022-10-13 06:44:12, last updated 2024-11-27 09:59:31)
scientific name	Lemonia strigata Antoshin & Zolotuhin, 2011
status

Treatment

( Figs 32–51 View FIGURES 32–40 View FIGURES 41–51 , 55–57 View FIGURES 52–57 , 74–87 View FIGURES 74–87 , 99–115 View FIGURES 99–113 View FIGURES 114–115 )

Diagnosis. Lemonia strigata is a medium-sized, yellow-colored moth with a dark postmedial line and a single dark spot on a forewing, and a black dorsal abdomen, but these characters may vary even within the same population. The species is found throughout the Balkans and the Cyclades.

Variability. The species’ coloration varies from pale yellow to vivid yolk yellow ( Figs 36 and 33 View FIGURES 32–40 , 41 and 41 View FIGURES 41–51 ), the postmedial line may fade until barely noticeable and even absent ( Figs 32–51 View FIGURES 32–40 View FIGURES 41–51 ); known females pale yellow to yellow. The strength of the line does not seem to be related to the distribution or anything else, specimens from close or the same location may have or have no stripe ( Figs 34 and 36, 39 and 40 View FIGURES 32–40 , 41–48, 49 and 50 View FIGURES 41–51 ). Discal spot varies in males from small round dot to thicker lunule ( Figs 32 View FIGURES 32–40 and 49 View FIGURES 41–51 ) and much more in females, it widens to big triangular spot ( Figs 35 and 37 View FIGURES 32–40 ). Cilia is usually of the same color with the wing, though may include dark scales ( Fig. 36 View FIGURES 32–40 ). Abdomen coloration like L. taraxaci – dorsally black, ventrally yellow. It may be striped in adults with a postmedial line on wings ( Figs 36 View FIGURES 32–40 and 49 View FIGURES 41–51 ) and without it ( Figs 40 View FIGURES 32–40 and 50 View FIGURES 41–51 ), so stripes on the abdomen do not seem to be any kind of a reliable character and are more likely related to the way the abdomen was dried, same happens with L. taraxaci ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 24–31 ).

Male genitalia of adults from close and even the same locations vary widely in the shape of uncus ( Figs 75 and 76, 83 and 84 View FIGURES 74–87 ), gnathos and valva. Uncus may be more or less narrow ( Figs 84 and 76 View FIGURES 74–87 ), straight or widened medially ( Figs 82 and 75 View FIGURES 74–87 ), with well or weakly pronounced isthmus ( Figs 74 and 86 View FIGURES 74–87 , shown with arrows), with a well-split pair of apices or not ( Figs 82 and 85 View FIGURES 74–87 ), apices may be rounded or pointed ( Figs 78 and 79 View FIGURES 74–87 ). The distal radius of gnathos varies from narrow to wider ( Figs 55 and 56 View FIGURES 52–57 ). The external margin of valvae may be prominent or concave. Juxta and eighth sternum shapes were not studied.

Spurs on tarsi vary as well in number and size without any system ( Figs 99–113 View FIGURES 99–113 ).

Distribution ( Fig. 114 View FIGURES 114–115 ). The species is spread in the Balkans and the Cyclades.

Taxonomic note. According to ICZN, Article 45.6.2., the taxon name Lemonia taraxaci ab. strigata Rebel, 1910 and its following usage by Rebel and Zerny (1931), Daniel (1964), and Rougeot (1971) was considered invalid by Antoshin and Zolotuhin (2011). They assumed that the name strigata “probably” should be attributed to Rougeot and Viette (1978) who used it for the first time as a trinomial Lemonia taraxaci strigata . Although Rennwald ( Rennwald & Rodeland, 2022) suggested that Rougeot and Viette regarded it as an infrasubspecific taxon because they did not mention strigata as well as some other infrasubspecific taxa in the “Species list (with family name) and their main subspecies.” We agree with Rennwald and change the authorship here to Antoshin & Zolotuhin, 2011 as the first reviewers of the taxon.

References

Antoshin, D. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2011) Lemonia strigata Rougeot et Viette, 1978, stat. n., and L. ballioni (Christoph, 1888) (Lepidoptera: Lemoniidae) in a fauna of Europe with taxonomic notes on related species and description of a new subspecies. Eversmannia, 25 - 26, 9 - 24.

Daniel, F. (1964) Die Lepidopterenfauna jugoslavisch Mazedoniens II. Posebno izdanie. Nr. 2. Bombyces et Sphinges. Prirodnonaucen Muzej Skopje, Skopje, 75 pp.

Rebel, H. (1910) Fr. Berge's Schmetterlingsbuch nach dem gegenwartigen Stande der Lepidopterologie neu bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Professor Dr. H. Rebel in Wien. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 509 pp.

Rebel, H. & Zerny, H. (1931) Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der im auftrage und mit kosten der akademie der wissenschaften in Wien im jahre 1918 entsendeten expedition nach Nordalbanien. Denkschriften osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 103, 1 - 127.

Rennwald, E. & Rodeland, J. (2022) Lemonia strigata. Lepiforum e. V. Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen und ihren Praimaginalstadien. Available from: https: // lepiforum. org / wiki / page / Lemonia _ Strigata (accessed 17 January 2022)

Rougeot, P. - C. (1971) Les Bombycoides (Lepidoptera-Bombycoidea) de l'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen 5. Tome I. Lemoniidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Attacidae, Endromididae. Masson et Cie Editeurs, Paris, 159 pр.

Rougeot, P. - C. & Viette, P. (1978) Guide des Papillons Nocturnes d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. Heteroceres (Partim). Delachaux et Niestle, Neuchatel, Paris, 229 pр.

Figures

FIGURES 32–40. Adults of L. strigata strigata. 32. Male, N Macedonia, Prilep (CGM). 33. Male, N Macedonia, Drenovo, slide 14.443 (MWM/ZSM). 34. Male, Bulgaria, Rupite (CGM). 35. Female, Bulgaria, Struma Valley, LBEOW-26 (UlSPU). 36–37. Male, female, Bulgaria, Struma Valley (CGM). 38. Female syntype of Lemonia taraxaci var. montana, Bulgaria, Musala (NMNHS). 39–40. Males, Greece, Korinth, BC JM 0066 (CGM). Scale bar – 1 cm.

FIGURES 41–51. Adults of L. strigata ssp. 41–48. L. strigata strigata ex ovo, Greece, Lithochoro (SMNS). 41–44. Males. 45–48. Females. 49–51. L. strigata deucalion. 49. Male holotype, Greece, Andros Island (MWM/ZSM). 50. Male paratype, Greece, Andros Island (MWM/ZSM). 51. Female paratype, Greece, Naxos Island (MWM/ZSM). Scale bar – 1 cm.

FIGURES 52–57. Male genitalia of Lemonia spp. 52. L. sibirica, Russia, Ulyanovsk Oblast, slide Lemon-18 (CGM). 53. L. taraxaci, Croatia, Rovinj, slide 14.441 (MWM/ZSM). 54. L. italiana, paratype, Italy, Calabria, slide Lemon-6 (ZSM). 55–56. L. strigata strigata, N Macedonia, Prilep, slides 14.449, 14.447 (MWM/ZSM). 57. L. strigata deucalion, paratype, Greece, Andros Island, slide 14.547 (MWM/ZSM). Scale bar – 1 mm.

FIGURES 74–87. Unci of L. strigata ssp. 74–84. L. strigata strigata. 74. N Macedonia, Drenovo, slide 14.443 (MWM/ZSM). 75–76. N Macedonia, Prilep, slide 14.447, 14.449 (MWM/ZSM). 77. N. Macedonia, Strumica, slide 14.446 (MWM/ZSM). 78. Bulgaria, Kresna, slide 14.520 (MWM/ZSM). 79–80. Greece, Igoumenitsa, slides 14.540, 14.431 (MWM/ZSM). 81. Greece, Thesprotia, slide 14.442 (MWM/ZSM). 82. Greece, Steno, slide 14.541 (MWM/ZSM). 83–84. Greece, 15 km S Tripoli, slides 14.527, 14.448 (MWM/ZSM). 85–87. Lemonia strigata deucalion. 85. Paratype, Greece, Andros Island, slide 14.547 (MWM/ ZSM). 86. Paratype, Greece, Naxos Island, slide 14.445 (MWM/ZSM). 87. Paratype, Greece, Naxos Island, slide 14.444 (MWM/ZSM). Scale bar – 1 mm.

FIGURES 99–113. Legs of L. strigata ssp. 99–111. L. strigata strigata. 99. Male, Greece, Igoumenitsa, slide 14.431 (MWM/ ZSM). 100. ♂, Greece, Thesprotia, slide 14.442 (MWM/ZSM). 101–102. Males, Greece, 15 km S Tripoli, slides 14.448, 14.527 (MWM/ZSM). 103. Male, Greece, Igoumenitsa, slide 14.540 (MWM/ZSM). 104. Male, Greece, Steno, slide 14.541 (MWM/ ZSM). 105–106. Females, Greece, 15 km S Tripoli, slides 14.542, 16.966 (MWM/ZSM). 107. Male, N Macedonia, Drenovo, slide 14.443 (MWM/ZSM). 108. Male, N Macedonia, Strumica, slide 14.446 (MWM/ZSM). 109–110. Males, N Macedonia, Prilep, slide 14.447, 14.449 (MWM/ZSM). 111. Male, Bulgaria, Kresna, slide 14.520 (MWM/ZSM). 112–113. L. strigata deucalion, male paratypes, Greece, Naxos Island, slide 14.445, 14.547 (MWM/ZSM). Scale bar – 1 mm.

FIGURES 114–115. Principal differences between L. taraxaci (light blue), L. sibirica (dark blue), L. italiana (purple), L. strigata strigata (yellow) and L. strigata deucalion (orange): 114. Distribution map (for details visit https://bit.ly/3uNyQ5E). 115. Gap analysis distances (taken from gap analysis tool on BOLD, %) and a phylogenetic tree (uniform rates, 500 replicates from MEGA11).

FIGURES 24–31. Adults of L. italiana from Italy. 24. Male holotype, Calabria, Casali del Manco, San Nicola Silano (CS), slide Lemon-7 (ZSM). 25. Male paratype, Calabria, Casali del Manco, San Nicola Silano (CS), slide Lemon-8 (ZSM). 26. Male paratype, Calabria, Fosso Cucolo, slide Lemon-5 (ZSM). 27. Male paratype, Emilia-Romagna, Casina (CGM). 28. Male, Umbria, Montagna Grande (CGM). 29. Male, Apulia, Ostuni (CGM). 30. Male, Sicily, Mistretta (CGM). 31. Female, Sicily, Madonie (CGM). Scale bar – 1 cm.