Ariadna obscura ( Blackwall, 1858 )

Giroti, André Marsola & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2018, The taxonomy of the American Ariadna Audouin (Araneae: Synspermiata: Segestriidae), Zootaxa 4400 (1), pp. 1-114 : 25-29

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4400.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:59CC08B8-5B13-42EC-943E-C930D7D0DD7F
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5987861
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87D1-FFFC-B106-169B-F944C341FB4D
treatment provided by	Plazi (2018-03-26 10:44:03, last updated 2024-11-24 23:29:14)
scientific name	Ariadna obscura ( Blackwall, 1858 )
status

Treatment

Ariadna obscura ( Blackwall, 1858) View in CoL Figures 16‒17 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE17 , 71 View FIGURE 71

Dysdera obscura Blackwall, 1858: 334 (Immature holotype from Pernambuco, Brazil, should be deposited in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, England, destroyed, according to Beatty (1970: 480)).— Blackwall (1861: 446).— Petrunkevitch (1911: 132).— Bonnet (1956: 1632).

Ariadora campinensis Mello-Leitão, 1916: 13 (♀ holotype from Campina Grande [07°13'50"S; 35°52'52"W], Paraíba, Brazil, T. Leitão leg., should be deposited in MNRJ 1471, lost).— Mello-Leitão (1947: 234, Syn.).— Bonnet (1955: 732).— Moreira et al. (2010: 61).

Ariadna gracilis Vellard, 1924: 160 View in CoL , pl. 12, fig. 45 (♂ holotype from Caxias [04°51'32"S; 43°21'21"W], Maranhão, Brazil, should be deposited in Instituto Vital Brazil, lost).— Bonnet (1955: 732).— Beatty (1970: 479, figs 7, 28‒29, 33).— World Spider Catalog (2018).— NEW SYNONYMY.

Ariadna taperae Mello-Leitão, 1929: 93 View in CoL (♀ holotype from Tapera ( currently : Moreno, Bonança) [09°25'38"S; 40°44'15"W], Pernambuco, Brazil, B. Pickel leg., deposited in MNRJ 41478 View Materials GoogleMaps ; Syntypes 1♂ 6♀ 3 immatures, same data from the holotype, deposited in MNRJ 1263 View Materials ; all examined).— Mello-Leitão (1947: 234, Syn.). GoogleMaps

Ariadna conspersa Mello-Leitão, 1941: 256 View in CoL (Immature holotype from Curitiba [25°25'47"S; 49°16'19"W], Paraná, Brazil, 10.I.1919, F. Lange de Morretes leg., deposited in MNRJ 14087, examined).— Beatty (1970: 483, as nomem dubium).— NEW SYNONYMY.

Ariadna obscura View in CoL — Mello-Leitão (1943: 233, Transf. from Dysdera View in CoL ; 1947: 234).— Beatty (1970: 480).— World Spider Catalog (2018).

Ariadna View in CoL taperana— Bonnet (1955: 737).

Synonymy. Beatty (1970) hypothesized the synonymy of A. obscura and A. gracilis due to morphological characteristics described by Blackwall (1858) and Vellard (1924), but did not confirm it due to the known distribution of both species, which despite of being recorded for the Brazillian northeast, also present records of A. gracilis for the State of Amazonas and Peru. In the present study, a wider distribution of A. obscura was found in comparison with the one presented by Beatty (1970), extending from east of Peru and center of State of Amazonas, to the south region of Brazil. Furthermore, after the examination of type specimens designated by Mello-Leitão (1929; 1947) and the original descriptions, it was observed that A. gracilis can be considered a junior-synonym of A. obscura , as well as A. taperae and A. conspersa , due to the macrosetae pattern of tibia I of females and the strong retrolateral apophysis in the metatarsi I of males, and also the same distribution area.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL: Amazonas State: Manaus [03°06'00"S; 60°01'48"W], Rio Tarumã- Mirim , 4♀ 5imm., 8.VIII‒6.IX.1987, H. Höfer leg. ( SMNK 3093 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Tefé [03°21'14"S; 64°42'39"W], 1♂, 1919, H.O. Parrish leg. ( MCZ 46060) GoogleMaps ; Pará State: Without specific locality, Casa , 12♀, Olevia leg. ( NHM 949.20 About NHM ) ; 10♀ 2imm. (NHM 97.9.20.1287‒1307); Ilha de Marajó, Santo André [00°58'S; 49°34'W], 2♀, 14.IV.1912, Bluntschili leg. ( AMNH); Belém [01°27'21"S; 48°30'16"W], 5♀ 1imm., VII.1954, N.L.H. Krauss leg. ( AMNH) GoogleMaps ; Piauí State: Castelo do Piauí [05°19'19"S; 41°33'10"W], 3♀ 1imm., 21‒23.VII.2012, L.S. Carvalho leg. (CHNFUPI 1586‒1589) GoogleMaps ; Ceará State: Fortaleza, Bairro Benfica [03°44'36"S; 38°32'24"W], 1♂, 20.I.2008, S.C. Carvalho leg. ( MPEG 11628 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Fortaleza [03°47'08"S; 38°33'06"W], Campus of Universidade Estadual do Ceará , 3♀ 1imm., 13.IX.2012, A.M. Giroti leg. ( IBSP 165434 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas [03°52'S; 33°49'W], 1♂ 2♀, 4.IX.1996, C.E. Almeida leg. ( IBSP 12053 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Paraíba State: Araruna, Parque Estadual Pedra da Boca , 228m (06°27'16.5''S; 35°40'45.5''W), 3♀, 1‒2. VI.2012, I.L.F. Magalhães & J.L. Chavari leg. ( IBSP 165436 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Soledade [07°02'11"S; 36°27'31"W], 1♀, 16.XI.1999, A.B. Kury & A. Giupponi leg. ( MNRJ 6863 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Juazeirinho, Planalto da Borborema [07°04'04"S; 36°34'40"W], 1♀, IX.1956, C. Gonçalves leg. ( MNRJ 6427 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Pernambuco State: without specific locality data, 3♀ (MACN-Ar 21367); Bom Jardim, proximidades da PE 0 90, 364m (07°50'03''S; 35°37'39.5''W), 2♀ 3imm., 29.V.2015, L.S. Carvalho leg. (CHNUFPI 1621); Buíque, Parque Nacional do Catimbau (08°28'46''S; 37°18'55.74''W), 1♀, 9.IV.2012, I.L.F. Magalhães et al. leg. ( UFMG 11122 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Tapera (currently: Moreno, Bonança) [09°25'38"S; 40°44'15"W], 1♂, B. Pickel leg. ( MNRJ 14239 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Bahia State: Mata de São João (12°31'49"S; 38°17'57"W), Fazenda Caramujipe , 1♂, 2006, C. Machado leg. ( IBSP 85421 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Salvador [12°58'16"S; 38°30'39"W], Barra , 1♀, IV.1992 ( IBSP 17596 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Salvador, 4♀ 1imm., VI.1954, N.L.H. Krauss leg. ( AMNH); Santa Brígida [09°47'17,3"S; 38°15'42,4"W], Povoado de Colônia, 342m GoogleMaps , 1♀, 21.V.2012, I.L.F. Magalhães & J.L. Chavari leg. (IBSP 165435); Una [15°17'36"S; 39°04'31"W], Reserva Biológica do Una , 4♀, 13.IV.1998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 18283 View Materials ; 18318) GoogleMaps ; Sergipe State: Laranjeiras [10°48'11"S; 37°10'10"W], Caverna Aventureiros , 1♀, 25.VII.2011, C. Donato et al. leg. ( IBSP 165437 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Laranjeiras, Gruta dos Orixás , 1♀, 12.XII.2010, C. Donato & P. Rocha leg. ( IBSP 165439 View Materials ) ; 1♀1imm., 25.VII.2011, C. Donato et al. leg. (IBSP 165440); Laranjeiras, Pedra Furada, 1♀, 28.XI.2010, C. Donato et al. leg. (IBSP 165441); 1♀, 8.VI.2011, C. Donato et al. leg. (IBSP 165438); Espírito Santo State: Conceição da Barra [18°35'36"S; 39°43'56"W], Itaúnas , 1♀ 3imm., I.1999, C.A. Rheims leg. ( IBSP 20498 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; São Mateus [19°23'27"S; 40°04'19"W], Reserva Florestal do Vale do Rio Doce , 3♀, 19‒25.VII.1997, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 13016 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Apiacá [21°09'14"S; 41°34'04"W], Fazenda Santa Maria , 1♀, 5.IX.1986, R.L.C. Baptista leg. ( MNRJ 6410 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 3♀, 5.X.1985, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 6414); Rio de Janeiro State: Bom Jesus de Itabapoana [21°08'02"S; 41°40'48"W], Chácara São Luís , 5♀, 6.X.1985, R.L.C. Baptista leg. ( MNRJ 6404 View Materials ; 6418) GoogleMaps ; 1♂, 15.VII.1986 (MNRJ 6408); Mendes [22°36'31"S; 43°43'58"W], 3♀ ( MNRJ 1264 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Nova Iguaçu [22°45'37"S; 43°26'51"W], 2♂, Bianc leg. ( MNRJ 1279 View Materials /2061); Pinheiral [22°30'46"S; 44°00'03"W], 3♂, Mello-Leitão leg. ( MNRJ 1271 View Materials ; 1272); Parati [23°13'21"S; 44°42'50"W], Centro , 1♂, 1.VI.1985, R.L.C. Baptista leg. ( MNRJ 6401 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; São Paulo State: São Sebastião, Ilha de Alcatrazes [24°06'S; 45°41'W], 2♀, 4‒6.VII.1998, M.E. Callefo leg. ( IBSP 19490 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Paraná State: Guaraqueçaba, Serra Negra [25°09'56"S; 48°25'59"W], 4♀ 4imm., A. Mayer leg. ( MNRJ 2058 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 9♀ 1imm., VIII.1946 (MHCI 3375‒3382); Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas [27°07'54"S; 48°31'40"W], ARIE Costeira de Zimbros , 2♀ 2imm., 2.VIII.2011, A. Chagas et al. leg. ( IBSP 165442 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 1♀, A.L. Trivia & L. Malta leg. (IBSP 165443); Bombinhas , 1♂, 23.XII.1988, M.A.L. Marques leg. ( MCN 18135) ; PERU: San Martín Region: Mishqui-Yacu, 1200 M.A. S.L., 20km NE Moyobamba [06°02'S; 76°58'W], 2♀, 16‒24.VIII.1947, F. Woytkowsky leg. ( AMNH). GoogleMaps

Diagnosis. Ariadna obscura is similar to A. tarsalis , A. arthuri , A. multispinosa , A. reginae n. sp. and A. aurea n. sp. due to the morphology of the male metatarsi I ( Figs 16C‒E View FIGURE 16 , 32C‒E View FIGURE 32 , 38C‒E View FIGURE38 , 54C‒E View FIGURE54 , 56C‒E View FIGURE 56 ) and macrosetae pattern of the tibiae I‒II of females, but differ by the presence of males with metatarsi I with a strong ventroretrolateral apophysis bearing a slender macrosetae, and other prolateral shorter with a seed-shaped macrosetae (i.e. globous base with pointed tip) ( Fig. 16C‒E View FIGURE 16 ); females differ by presenting a short dorsal lobe and an expanded ventral lobe and glandular ducts plate, both lobes not sinuous ( Fig. 17C‒D View FIGURE17 ).

Description. Male (IBSP 85421). Carapace and chelicerae orange ( Fig. 16A View FIGURE 16 ). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum orange, with darker margins ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ). Palps light yellow ( Fig. 17A‒B View FIGURE17 ). Legs orange, with pairs I‒II darker. Femur, patellae and tibiae reddish. Tibia and metatarsus I‒II with dark pigment forming diffuse distal rings ( Fig. 16C‒E View FIGURE 16 ). Abdomen light grey, darker dorsally ( Fig. 16A‒B View FIGURE 16 ). Total length 4.92; carapace 2.68 long, 1.84 wide. Chelicerae projected ( Fig. 16A View FIGURE 16 ). Palps: tibia slightly inflated, with the dorso-ventral diameter slightly larger than the bulb, bearing a slender prolateral macroseta; bulb small sub-rectangular, mid-portion and embolus of equal lengths; embolus tubular, curved and tapered ( Fig. 17A‒B View FIGURE17 ). Legs: robust and sparsely coated with setae ( Fig. 16C‒E View FIGURE 16 ); tibia I with the one distal ventro-retrolateral macrosetae lanceolated ( Fig. 16D‒E View FIGURE 16 ); metatarsi I with a group of short distinct setae in the proximal retrolateral region ( Fig. 16D View FIGURE 16 ); tarsal brush of putative chemosensory setae present in legs I‒IV, but reduced in pair I. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I femur 3.32, patella 1.0, tibia 2.76, metatarsus 2.28, tarsus 1.04, total 10.4; II 2.96, 1.0, 2.64, 2.44, 0.8, 9.84; III 2.08, 0.84, 1.48, 1.56, 0.64, 6.6; IV 2.36, 1.0, 1.92, 1.72, 0.72, 7.72. Macrosetae: I femur D0-1-0-1-0-1-0-2/1-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0-1-0; tibia P1-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-0-1-0-1-0, vr1-1-3/1-1-1/0-1-0-1(lanceolated), r1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus P0-0-0-0-0- 1(seed-shaped/apophysis)-0, vp1-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr0-0-0-1(apophysis)-0-0-1 ( Fig. 16C‒E View FIGURE 16 ); II femur D0-1-0-1-0-1-0- 2-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp0-0-0-0-1-1-0, vr1/2-1-1-1-0-1-0, R1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus vp1-0-0-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-0-0-1-0-1, R0-1-0-0-0-0-0; IV metatarsal comb with 3-4 macrosetae.

Female (IBSP 165434). Carapace and chelicerae brownish orange ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 ). Endites, labium and sternum as in male ( Fig. 16G View FIGURE 16 ). Palps orange, with reddish tibia and tarsus. Legs orange, with pairs I‒II darker. Tibia I and metatarsus I‒II reddish. Dark pigment forming distal diffuse rings in tibia and metatarsus I‒II ( Fig. 16H‒I View FIGURE 16 ). Abdomen as in male ( Fig. 16F‒G View FIGURE 16 ). Total length 8.32; carapace 3.73 long, 2.44 wide. Chelicerae not projected ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 ). Legs: robust and cloated with setae; legs I‒II with ventro-prolateral and ventro-retrolateral tibial macrosetae of similar size, and metatarsal macrosetae of different size ( Fig. 16H‒I View FIGURE 16 ). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I, femur 2.88, patella 1.24, tibia 2.52, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 0.64, total 9.48; II, 2.56, 1.32, 2.32, 2.12, 0.6, 8.92; III, 2.16, 1.04, 1.56, 1.52, 0.64, 6.92; IV, 2.84, 1.36, 2.4, 1.76, 0.68, 9.04. Macrosetae: I, femur D0- 0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-1-2-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-1-1-1-1-1-0, vr1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1, R0-1-0-1-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1 ( Fig. 16H‒I View FIGURE 16 ); II, femur D0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-1-0-0/1-0; tibia P0-1-0- 1-0-1-0, vp1-0/1-1-1-1-1-0/1-, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, R0-1-0-1-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 1; IV, metatarsal comb with 4 macrosetae. Internal genitalia: anterior receptaculum with short dorsal lobe ( Fig. 17C‒D View FIGURE17 ).

Variation. Male (n=10): Total length 4.48‒6.24; carapace 2.64‒3.2 long, 1.84‒2.28 wide; femur I, 2.84‒3.52. Female (n=10): Total length 6.72‒9.84; carapace 3.44‒4.36 long, 2.44‒2.96 wide; femur I, 2.68‒3.2.

Distribution. Northern to Southern Brazil, and Peru (San Martín) ( Fig. 71 View FIGURE 71 ).

References

Beatty, J. A. (1970) The spider genus Ariadna in the Americas (Araneae, Dysderidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 139 (8), 433 - 518.

Blackwall, J. (1858) Characters of a new genus and description of three recently discovered species of Araneida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 2, 331 - 335.

Blackwall, J. (1861) Descriptions of several recently discovered spiders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 8, 441 - 446.

Bonnet, P. (1955) Bibliographia araneorum. 2 (1). Les Artisans de L'Imprimerie Douladoure, Toulouse, 919 pp.

Bonnet, P. (1956) Bibliographia araneorum. 2 (2). Les Artisans de L'Imprimerie Douladoure, Toulouse, 1008 pp.

Brescovit, A. D., Bonaldo, A. B, Santos, A. J., Ott, R. & Rheims, C. A. (2012) The Brazilian goblin spiders of the new genus Predatoroonops (Araneae: Oonopidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 370, 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 766.1

Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1916) Notas arachnologicas. 4. Novas especies do Brasil. Broteria, 14, 12 - 13.

Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1929) Aranhas do Pernambuco colhidas por D. Bento Pickel. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 1, 91 - 112.

Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1941) Aranhas do Parana. Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, Sao Paulo, 11, 235 - 257.

Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1943) Catalogo das aranhas do Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 37, 147 - 245.

Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1947) Aranhas do Parana e Santa Catarina, das colecoes do Museu Paranaense. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 6, 231 - 304.

Moreira, T. S., Baptista, R. L. C., Kury, A. B., Giupponi, A. P. L., Buckup, E. H. & Brescovit, A. D. (2010) Annotated check list of Arachnida type specimens deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. II - Araneae. Zootaxa, 2588, 1 - 91.

Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819

Vellard, J. (1924) Etudes de zoologie. Archivos do Instituto Vital Brazil, 2, 1 - 32 + 121 - 170.

World Spider Catalog (2018) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, version 19.0. Avaliable from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch / (accessed on 16 January 2018)

Figures

FIGURE 16. Ariadna obscura (Blackwall, 1858). Males from Fortaleza (MPEG 11628) (A‒B) and Mata São João (IBSP 85421) (C‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D), arrowhead = lanceolated macroseta; right metatarsus I, ventral view (E), arrowhead = group of short distinct setae. Female from Fortaleza (IBSP 165434) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral (G) view; left leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar: 1mm.

FIGURE17. Ariadna obscura(Blackwall, 1858). Male from Mata São João (IBSP 85421) (A‒B):left palp, prolateral (A) and retrolateral view (B). Female from Una (IBSP 18283) (C‒D): Internal genitalia, lateral view (C); Anterior receptaculum, ventral view (D).Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 32. Ariadna tarsalis Banks, 1902. Male from Playa Ibbetson (RBINS) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D), arrowhead = lanceolated macroseta; right metatarsus I, ventral view (E). Female from N-flank, Isla Santiago (RBINS) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); left leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 56. Ariadna aurea n. sp.. Male (Holotype) from Gruta dos Brejões (IBSP 151451) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); rightleg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D); rightmetatarsus I, ventral view (E), arrowhead= truncated macroseta.Female (Paratype) from Grutasdos Brejões (IBSP 151451) (F‒I):habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); rightleg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral (I). Scale bar: 1mm.

FIGURE 71. Locality of the specimens of A. obscura, A. boliviana, A. aurea n. sp., A. ipojuca n. sp. and A. ubajara n. sp. examined in the present study.

FIGURE38. Ariadna arthuri Petrunkevitch, 1926.Male from Sierra de Cubitas (IBSP 166771) (A‒E):habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); left leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D); left metatarsus I, ventral view (E). Female from Sierra de Cubitas (IBSP 166771) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) andventral view (G); rightleg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE54. Ariadna reginae n. sp.. Male (Paratype) from 11km ESE La Virgen (INBIO 4407641) (A‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); rightleg I, prolateral(C) andretrolateral view (D); right metatarsus I,ventral view (E).Female(Paratype) from 4km SE Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui (CAS 9046549) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar:1mm.