Ypsolopha rhinolophi Corley, 2019

Corley, Martin, Ferreira, Sónia & Mata, Vanessa A., 2019, Ypsolopha rhinolophi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), a new species from Portugal and France unveiled by bats, Zootaxa 4609 (3), pp. 565-573 : 567-570

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4609.3.10
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DB379C40-BB24-4832-8EF1-A0561D227734
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987D8-FFF2-474C-FF55-FB9FFAC22B00
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Ypsolopha rhinolophi Corley
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Ypsolopha rhinolophi Corley , sp. nov.

( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 A–D, 2A–B, 3A–B)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, ‘ PORTUGAL │ Constantim │ Trás-os-Montes │ 4.vii. [20]16 ex l[arva] 3.vi. [20]16│ M.F.V. Corley │ Quercus pyrenaica ’ ‘5491│ M. Corley │ gen. prep.’ Barcoded ( INV 00598). To be deposited in Natural History Museum, London (registration number NHMUK010219609 View Materials ) ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2A View FIGURE 2 ).

Paratypes: ♂, same locality, emerged 5.vii.2016, coll. Corley. ( Fig. 1B View FIGURE 1 ) ; ♂, Portugal, Trás-os-Montes , Mon- talegre, Serra do Larouco, 23.ix.2003, leg. M. Corley, Corley gen. prep. 5495, coll. Corley; ♀, Portugal, Trás-os- Montes , Montalegre, Serra do Larouco, 21.ix.2005, leg. M. Corley, Corley gen. prep. 2517, coll. Corley ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ); ♂, Portugal, Beira Litoral , Miranda do Corvo , Vila Nova, Parque Eólico, 30.vii.2015, leg. J. Rosete, Corley gen. prep. 5510, coll. Rosete; ♂, Portugal, Beira Alta , Penedono, Barragem da Dama, 25.vii.2017, leg. J. Rosete, coll. Rosete ; ♀, Portugal, Beira Alta , Penedono, Barragem da Dama, 25.vii.2017, leg. J. Rosete, Corley gen. prep. 5511, coll. Rosete ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ); ♂, France, Basses Alpes , Digne, Vallée Miraux, 15.vii.1969, leg. E. Jäckh , [gen. prep.] 5441, (USNMENT 01480147) (USNM) ( Figs 1D View FIGURE 1 , 2B View FIGURE 2 ).

The new species has also been identified from a photograph taken at Portugal, Minho, Melgaço, Assureira, Ponte Nova, 8.viii.2015, photo by J. Nunes ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ). The specimen was not collected but can clearly be identified from the photo.

Description. ( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 A–D). Wingspan 17–18.5 mm. Head with erect hair-like scales, pale ochreous; labial palp pale buff, segment 2 with tuft of long, forward-projecting, hair-like scales, longer than segment, segment 3 with appressed scales, slender, pointed; antennal scape buff, flagellum white, ringed black. Thorax ochreous to ochreouscinnamon. Forewing broad, faintly hooked at apex, termen slightly concave, ground colour ochreous, sometimes overlaid cinnamon except costal area to one-third wing length and with less cinnamon in an indistinct band across wing from two-thirds to seven-eighths, terminal area darker cinnamon, at least ochreous costal area crossed by ochreous-brown strigulae, often such strigulae present over most of wing surface, combining with slightly darker lines on veins to form a reticulate pattern; spots on dorsum at one-quarter and one-half light brown to blackish, additional black scales, spots or dashes present in some specimens particularly in fold and on dorsal margin of cell; fringe with two darker cinnamon lines. Hindwings light grey, towards margins darker grey; fringe light grey-buff with dark grey basal line. Abdomen light grey-buff.

Variation. The French specimen ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ) has forewing coloration less ochreous, more uniformly reticulate, without black markings and with the two dorsal spots faint; hindwing fringe whitish with distinct light grey-brown fringe line.

Male genitalia: ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B). Uncus not developed, socii widely separated, narrow, pointed spikes, gnathos arms long, medial plate hardly widened, chanelled; valva obovate, narrow at base, costal margin straight, thickened, ventral margin thickened, with slight bend beyond middle, apex with tighter curve to costal margin than to ventral margin; saccus slender, parallel-sided, 0.4 times length of valva; anellus tube densely covered with minute thorns; aedeagus 1.25 times length of valva, ductus ejaculatorius attached at middle of aedeagus, basal half (caecum) straight, slender, but twice width of apical half, apical half slightly curved, with pair of elongate cornuti, apex acute, apical part surrounded by a mantle covered with minute thorns.

Female genitalia: ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 A–B). Papilla analis rounded at apex; apophysis posterioris long, more than three times as long as apophysis anterioris, as measured from base of its posterior branch to apex; segment VIII weakly sclerotised; ostium circular, antrum small, ovoid, ductus bursae slender, expanding gradually towards corpus bursae, slightly longer than apophysis anterioris; corpus bursae large, ovoid, signum large, not well defined, consisting of two rhombic plates joined to form an hourglass shape, the posterior rhombus slightly smaller, both halves with a conspicuous transverse fold at their widest point.

Diagnosis. Y. rhinolophi is immediately separable from Y. alpella by the black-ringed white antenna, and differs from the most closely related species Y. lucella ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ) in the absence of white scales on head and thorax. Further differences externally and in genitalia from both of these species are presented in Table 2 View TABLE 2 and Figs 1–3 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 . Both Y. lucella and Y. alpella have larvae feeding on Quercus . There are other European Ypsolopha species feeding on Quercus : Y. sylvella ( Linnaeus, 1767) is a close relative of Y. alpella , but is easily distinguished from the new species by two dark lines obliquely crossing most of the forewing. Y. parenthesella ( Linnaeus, 1761) and Y. ustella ( Clerck, 1759) also feed on Quercus , but are not similar in appearance to Y. rhinolophi .

Larva. The larvae found at Constantim were of a light green colour, but were not recognised as of particular interest at the time of collection and were not photographed or described.

Biology. Larvae were found at the beginning of June feeding on Quercus pyrenaica between adjacent leaves spun together. Moths emerged in early July. In the field, moths have been taken at light in the middle and end of July, in August and also on 21 and 23 September in different years. The site at Constantim is a low hill rising from the plateau at 840 m altitude, covered with Q. pyrenaica of moderate size. On Serra do Larouco the site was Q. pyrenaica scrub on a mountainside at 1370 m. The sites at Penedono and Miranda do Corvo were at 850 m and 800 m respectively, and both have Quercus pyrenaica present (J. Rosete pers. comm.). One additional site in Minho lies at 780m and also has Q. pyrenaica ( Portugal, Minho, Melgaço, Castro Laboreiro, Assureira, Ponte Nova, 8.viii.2015, J. Nunes, E. Marabuto and A. Gonçalves). Quercus pyrenaica is not present in south-east France where another Quercus species is likely to be the food-plant.

Distribution. In Portugal Ypsolopha rhinolophi is known from direct collection of larvae or adults from two localities in Trás-os-Montes in the north-east Portugal and from single localities in Beira Alta and Beira Litoral, and from a photographed moth in Minho in the north-west of the country which clearly shows the coloration, wing shape and black and white antennae of the new species ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ). In addition, DNA metabarcode samples obtained from bat droppings indicate its presence in two additional localities in Trás-os-Montes (see Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). In France it is known from a single locality in Basses Alpes in the south-east of the country. Suitable habitat exists for Y. rhinolophi in Spain, so the species is likely to occur in the country.

Etymology. The species name rhinolophi recognises the part played in the discovery of the new species by the horseshoe bats Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Rhinolophus euryale . The name is a noun in genitive case.