Myzostoma josefinae, Summers, Mindi M., Al-Hakim, Iin Inayat & Rouse, Greg W., 2014

Summers, Mindi M., Al-Hakim, Iin Inayat & Rouse, Greg W., 2014, Turbo-taxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida), Zootaxa 3873 (4), pp. 301-344 : 313-314

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84F8465A-595F-4C16-841E-1A345DF67AC8

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138517

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287ED-AD52-FFC7-CF9C-F884FDD6F9A5

treatment provided by

Plazi (2016-04-17 23:40:51, last updated 2024-11-26 06:38:12)

scientific name

Myzostoma josefinae
status

sp. nov.

Myzostoma josefinae n. sp. Summers & Rouse

Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 A–D

Holotype: SIO-BIC A4016 paragenophore (1 spm: in 70% ethanol after paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde fixation). Near ‘Francisco’ whalefall, Monterey Canyon, California (36° 46' 19.1994"N, 122° 4' 58.7994"W), 1020 m. Collected via the R/V Western Flyer using the ROV Doc Ricketts (Dive 9) on 10 March 2009 by GWR.

Host. Psathyrometra fragilis (AH Clark). SIO-BIC E4567. Genbank (COI—KM491780).

Paratypes: SIO-BIC A3798 paragenophores (7 spms: 6—in 70% ethanol after paraformaldehyde/ glutaraldehyde fixation; 1—95% ethanol). Same host and locality as holotype. Genbank (COI—KM014189). SIO- BIC A3829 syngenophores (12 spms: 6 spms—in 70% ethanol after paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde fixation; 6 spms—95% ethanol). Guaymas Basin (26° 45' 12.8514"N, 111° 10' 19.632"W), 1314 m. Collected via the R/V Western Flyer using the ROV Doc Ricketts (Dive 390) on 16 April 2012 by GWR. Genbank (COI—KM491749). Host: Psathyrometra fragilis (AH Clark, 1907), SIO-BIC E6149 ( DNA subsample only).

Etymology. Named for Josefin Stiller, an enthusiast of polychaetes.

Diagnosis and description. Holotype body circular disc with two elongated, cylindrical caudal appendages, approximately as long as body ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 A–D). Length ~ 2.1 mm; width ~ 1 mm, following fixation. Body margin with 18 cirri, alternating in length, most anterior pair up to twice as long as the rest ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 C–D). Caudal appendages with long terminal cirri. Mouth terminal. Proboscis smooth [seen in paratypes]. Cloaca terminal, between caudal appendages. Paired penes. Five pairs of parapodia, positioned two-thirds of way from center of disc to margin.

Remarks. Myzostoma josefinae n. sp. is the first myzostomid with paired elongate caudal appendages described from the eastern Pacific and Psathyrometra fragilis . Four other species are known to possess paired elongate caudal appendages, two recovered on Antedonidae , one from Comatulidae , one possibly with a Mariametroidea, and one associated with an uncertain host ( Table 1).

Myzostoma josefinae n. sp. is most similar in form to M. divisor Grygier, 1989 , M. filicauda Graff, 1883 , and M. tentaculatum Jägersten, 1940a . Myzostoma filicauda was recorded on Coccometra hagenii (Pourtalès) (Antedonidae) View in CoL from Sand Key, Florida. Myzostoma divisor was described from Promachocrinus kerguelensis Carpenter (Antedonidae) View in CoL from Antarctica , and the description includes notes on the juvenile stages. Myzostoma tentaculatum was described from Japan, on an unknown host. As all identified hosts for this set of taxa are Antedonidae View in CoL , it is likely that M. tentaculatum was collected on a Japanese antedonid. In addition to differences in host and locality, Myzostoma josefinae n. sp. is distinguished from M. divisor by molecular data published by Summers & Rouse (2014) and in having marginal cirri of unequal length (equal in M. divisor ), M. filicauda by lacking papillae on the proboscis, and from M. tentaculatum by the length of the most anterior pair of cirri (six times longer than rest, resembling ‘tentacles’, in M. tentaculatum ).

Two other taxa have two elongate caudal appendages. Myzostoma bicaudatum Graff, 1883 was described from Comactinia meridionalis (Agassiz) west of Tortugas in the Caribbean. Myzostoma filiferum Graff, 1884a was recorded on Antedon bidentata (nomen nudum) (possibly Heterometra variipinna (Carpenter) View in CoL from the Torres Strait. [Nomenclatural issue of M. filiferum and M. filicauda discussed in Grygier (1989)]. Myzostoma bicaudatum and M. filiferum differ from M. filicauda , M. divisor , and M. josefinae n. sp. by possessing 20 (rather than 18) marginal cirri on the main body. In addition, M. bicaudatum is unique among all of the forms by having a subterminal mouth and lacking terminal cirri on the caudal appendages.

Myzostoma divisor and M. josefinae n. sp. were recovered as well-supported sister-taxa in the molecular phylogeny of Summers & Rouse (2014). We suspect that M. filicauda and M. tentaculatum will form a clade with these two taxa, while the evolutionary affinity of M. bicaudatum and M. filiferum may instead be with myzostomids with caudal processes and 20 marginal cirri, associated with Comatulidae View in CoL and Mariametroidea respectively. The type specimens for M. bicaudatum , M. filiferum , and M. filicauda have been lost, and the location of types of M. tentaculatum is unknown.

Graff, L. v. (1883) Verzeichniss der von der United States Coast Survey steamers Hassler und Blake von 1867 zu 1879 gesammelten Myzostomiden. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 11, 125 - 133.

Graff, L. v. (1884 a) Report on the Myzostomida collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 10, 1 - 82, pls. I - XVI.

Grygier, M. J. (1989) Three new species of Myzostoma (Myzostomida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102, 793 - 804.

Jagersten, G. (1940 a) Neue und alte Myzostomum - Arten aus dem Zoologischen Museum Kopenhagen. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 104, 103 - 125.

Summers, M. M. & Rouse, G. W. (2014) Phylogeny of Myzostomida (Annelida) and their relationships with echinoderm hosts. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14, 170. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 014 - 0170 - 7

Gallery Image

FIGURE 5. (A – D) Live photographs of Myzostoma josefinae n. sp. — (A, B) paratype (SIO-BIC A 3829) on host, Psathyrometra fragilis; (C) dorsal view of paratype (SIO-BIC A 3829), showing long cirri on body margin and elongate, cylindrical caudal appendages full of oocytes; (D) ventral view of paratype (SIO-BIC A 3798). (E – I) Myzostoma kymae n. sp. — (E – G) SEM of paratype (SIO-BIC A 3682), ventral surface, showing five pairs of parapodia (E), penises aligned with third pair (F), and alternating lateral organs (G); (H – I) Live photographs of holotype (SIO-BIC A 3681) and paratypes (SIO-BIC A 3682), (H) on host, Alloeocomatella pectinifera, showing faint dorsal longitudinal ridge, (I) side and ventral views, showing small cirri along body margin and extended proboscis with papillae. (J – L) Live photographs of Myzostoma laurenae n. sp. holotype (SIO-BIC A 3809), (J) on host, Capillaster multiradiatus, (K) dorsal view showing color pattern and medium-long cirri along body margin, (L) ventral view showing extended proboscis with papillae, five pairs of parapodia and alternating lateral organs. Scalebars 1 mm (H-I); 0.5 mm (A – E, J – L); 100 Μm (F, G).

DNA

Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Annelida

Class

Polychaeta

Order

Myzostomida

Family

Myzostomidae

Genus

Myzostoma