Apaustina Grishin, 2019

Cong, Qian, Zhang, Jing, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V., 2019, Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), Insecta Mundi 731 (731), pp. 1-56 : 7

Apaustina Grishin , new subtribe

http://zoobank.org/ 05EF9D2F-DACA-45DC-B6D7-7960424D3C33

Type genus. Apaustus Hübner, [1819] .

Definition. A subtribe without clear phylogenetic affinities within Hesperiini , but not a sister to Thymelicina ( Fig. 1 ). Keys to J.1, M.1, or M4 or in Evans (1955). Characterized by elongated wings, weak flight, short antennae and gracile bodies. Diagnosed by a combination of: flattened antennal club without apiculus, long and thin 3rd segment of palpi extending beyond the 2nd segment (less so in Adopaeoides ), the lack of spines on mid-tibiae (except Apaustus ), and the lack of brands or stigmas on wings. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: aly3507.5.1:A578C, aly1297.14.4:A4190C, aly123.4.7:A70T, aly123.4.7:G71C, aly315.4.4:A453C.

Genera included. Apaustus Hübner, [1819] , Adopaeoides Godman, 1900 , and Ancyloxypha C. Felder, 1862 .

Parent taxon. Tribe Hesperiini Latreille, 1809 .

Comments. Our genomic findings corroborate recent anchored phylogenomic results ( Toussaint et al. 2018) in dividing the former Thymelicina into two phylogenetic lineages of different origins ( Fig. 1 ). While the association of Apaustus , formerly placed in Moncina A. Warren, 2008, with the other two genera formerly placed in Thymelicina Tutt, 1905, was unexpected at first, it makes morphological sense considering similarities in wing shapes and the gracile bodies of these butterflies.

Figures

Figure 1. Genomic trees of representative Hesperiidae. The trees are built from protein-coding regions in different genomic partitions: a) Nuclear genome; b) Z chromosome; c) Mitochondrial genome. The trees are rooted with Pterourus glaucus (NVG-1670), not shown. See Table 1 and Table S1 in the Supplemental file deposited at https:// osf.io/5cfht/?view_only=21eb53b6f8f344afaee3de2be90bf5d2 for additional data about these specimens. Names of species placed in new tribes and subtribes described in this work are highlighted in yellow and clades representing new taxa are colored in red. Clades for tribes and subtribes where species of the new taxa were placed previously are colored in blue and green arrow points from the former taxon to the new taxon (only on nuclear genome tree). Statistical support values are shown by nodes in all but the COI barcode trees. COI barcode NJ dendrogram is given for comparison and is not expected to reflect phylogeny. Subfamilies, tribes and subtribes for species included in the trees are shown to the right of the nuclear tree. Sequenced specimens of the type species of the new tribes and subtribes are illustrated in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views and indicated by blue arrows