Amiota (Phortica), Schiner, 1862, Schiner, 1862

Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, Zootaxa 4678 (1), pp. 1-75 : 17-20

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91B46647-B441-41F5-BE27-3A67D699788C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221215
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scientific name	Amiota (Phortica)
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Subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) Schiner, 1862

Phortica Schiner, 1862: 433 View in CoL (as a genus); Máca 2003: 251 (revised status).

Type species: Drosophila variegata Fallén, 1823 .

Amiota (Phortica) : Wheeler 1952: 167.

Diagnosis. Additional plate present between cerci and tenth sternite; aedeagal median rod developed, basally and medially with 1 or 2 pair(s) of bridges articulated with anterodorsal corners of gonopods (after Chen et al. 2007).

Two or more putative morphospecies within a bracket pair indicate they (at least most of the samples) are delimited as a single species; only one putative morphospecies within a bracket pair indicates it is delimited as two or more species.

Description. Male and female: Eye brownish red. Ocellar triangle dark brown to black. Frons pollinose, grayish brown to black, with a few interfrontal setulae medially. Fronto-orbital plate often silvery-white. Pedicel and first flagellomere grayish brown. Face grayish brown, with yellowish white patches on lower corners. Clypeus medially white to yellow, laterally dark brown to black. Gena grayish yellow to brown; postgena dark brown. Palpus somewhat triangular, brown basally, grayish yellow and with a few setae distally. Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Mesoscutum and pleura grayish orange-brown, with brownish to black patches and pollinose patterns ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Postpronotal lobe pale yellow, with 1 long and a few short setae. Acrostichal setulae in ca. 6–8 irregular rows. Prescutellar setae usually 1 pair. Scutellum usually concolorous with thorax, with dark brown to black patches ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Basal scutellar setae divergent; apicals cruciate. Wing hyaline, sometimes smoky; veins grayish yellow. Basal medial-cubital crossvein present; C 1 setae 2, indistinctly differentiated. Costal vein with spinules on ventral surface between R 2+3 and R 4+5. R 2+3 slightly curved to costa at tip; R 4+5 distally convergent with M 1. Halters white. Legs yellow; femora usually brown to black except for apical portions; tibiae usually with 3 brown to black rings. Foreleg femur with 2 or 3 irregular rows of long setae on posterior surface. Preapical dorsal setae present on all tibiae. Midleg tarsus ventrally with 2 rows of minute cuneiform setulae on inner and outer sides; hindleg tarsus with 1 row of minute cuneiform setulae on underside; fore- and hindleg first tarsomeres each as long as three succeeding tarsomeres together; midleg first tarsomere as long as all tarsomeres together. Abdominal tergites yellow to orangeyellow ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 ): second to fifth tergites with broad brownish to black bands on posterior margins; sixth tergite nearly entirely dark, narrow anterolaterally. Sternites usually grayish yellow. Male terminalia ( Figs. 7–37 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24 View FIGURE 25 View FIGURE 26 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 View FIGURE 29 View FIGURE 30 View FIGURE 31 View FIGURE 32 View FIGURE 33 View FIGURE 34 View FIGURE 35 View FIGURE 36 View FIGURE 37 ): Epandrium almost not constricted mid-dorsally, with pubescence and setae; apodeme developed along anterior margins. Cercus almost oval, separated from epandrium, entirely pubescent and setigerous. Surstylus with numerous setae on outer surface. Membrane between epandrium and cercus pubescent. Hypandrium arched, usually with 1 pair of apodeme processes on anterior portion, posteriorly contiguous to lateral corners of gonopods. Gonopods fused, forming posteromedian plate, anteriorly forming vertical process. Parameres usually basally contiguous to anterior portion of hypandrium and tips of distally bifurcated ventral branch of aedeagal apodeme. Aedeagus composed of outer membranous tube and more or less sclerotized median rod; outer membrane posteriorly connect to vertical process of gonopod; median rod basally and/or medially connect to basal corners of gonopods by 1 or 2 pair(s) of bridges (2 pairs in Figs. 12C View FIGURE 12 , 20B, 20D View FIGURE 20 , 30C View FIGURE 30 , 33D View FIGURE 33 , 36C View FIGURE 36 , 37C View FIGURE 37 ) and basally contiguous to dorsal branch of aedeagal apodeme; basal bridge sometimes with sclerotized branch ( Figs. 7E View FIGURE 7 , 10C View FIGURE 10 , 15E View FIGURE 15 ); ventral bridge (termed inner paraphysis in Bächli et al. 2004) usually contiguous to medial process of aedeagus ( Figs. 30C View FIGURE 30 , 33D View FIGURE 33 , 37C View FIGURE 37 ), sometimes elongated and dilated apically ( Figs. 12C View FIGURE 12 , 20B, 20D View FIGURE 20 , 36C View FIGURE 36 ). Female specimens were mostly collected from tree trunks, and were difficult to identify to species by morphological characters only ( Chen & Toda 1997). Therefore, they are still rarely known in this study.

Remarks. For the new species described below, only the characters inconsistent with the aforementioned general descriptions are provided for brevity. In the species descriptions, an asterisk (*) denotes a new record.

References

Bachli, G., Vilela, C. R., Escher, S. A. & Saura, A. (2004) The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In: Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. Vol. 39. Brill, Leiden and New York, 362 pp.

Chen, H. W. & Toda, M. J. (1997) Amiota (Phortica) magna species-complex, with descriptions of three new species from China (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 65, 784 - 792.

Chen, H. W., Toda, M. J., Lakim, M. B. & Mohamed, M. B. (2007) The Phortica sensu stricto (Insecta: Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 55, 23 - 41.

Fallen, J. C. (1823) Sveciae, Geomyzides. Litteris Berlingianis, Lundae, 8 pp.

Maca, J. (2003) Taxonomic notes on the genera previously classified in the genus Amiota Loew (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Steganinae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 47, 247 - 274.

Schiner, I. R. (1862) Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der Fauna Austriaca . Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 6, 428 - 436.

Wheeler, M. R. (1952) The Drosophilidae of the Nearctic Region, exclusive of the genus Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 5204, 162 - 218.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Head, thorax, and abdomen of dorsal and lateral views in males: A, B. Phortica (Phortica) cardua (Okada, 1977); C, D. P. (P.) eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990); E, F. P. (P.) gamma (Toda & Peng, 1990); G, H. P. (P.) glabtabula Chen & Gao, 2005; I, J. P. (P.) okadai (Máca, 1977). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Head, thorax, and abdomen of dorsal and lateral views in males: A, B. Phortica (Phortica) orientalis (Hendel, 1914); C, D. P. (P.) subradiata (Okada, 1977). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Phortica (Phortica) cardua (Okada, 1977) from Jizushan, Yunnan, China, male. A. Arista; B. Sixth tergite (lateral view); C. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); D. Surstylus (frontal view); E. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Phortica (Phortica) chi (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996) from Yunmengshan, Beijing, China, male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Phortica (Phortica) conifera (Okada, 1977) from Baiyunshan, Henan, China, male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Phortica (Phortica) eparmata (Okada, 1977) from Dongyanshan, Taiwan, China, male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Phortica (Phortica) eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990), A, B from Diaoluoshan, Hainan, China; C–E from Yixiang, Yunnan, China, male. A. Paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); B–E. Aedeagal median rod (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Phortica (Phortica) fangae (Máca, 1993) from Wugongshan, Taiwan, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Phortica (Phortica) flexuosa (Zhang & Gan, 1986) from Nantou, Taiwan, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Phortica (Phortica) gigas (Okada, 1977) from Nantou, Taiwan, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Phortica (Phortica) glabtabula Chen & Gao, 2005 from Chebaling, Guangdong, China, male. A. Arista; B. Sixth tergite (lateral view); C. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); D. Surstylus (frontal view); E. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 16. Phortica (Phortica) hongae Máca, 1993 from I-Lan, Taiwan, China, paratype male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 17. Phortica (Phortica) huazhii Cheng & Chen, 2008 from Motuo, Xizang, China, male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, aedeagus, gonopod and subapical processes (psa), and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); D. Paramere (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Phortica (Phortica) iota (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996), male; A–C from Guanmenshan Forest Park, Liaoning, China, D from Foping, Shaanxi, China. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C, D. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 19. Phortica (Phortica) kappa (Máca, 1977) from Uenohara, Yamanashi, Japan, male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 20. Phortica (Phortica) lambda (Toda & Peng, 1990) from Mengla, Yunnan, China, male. A, C. Paramere (lateral view); B, D. aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 21. Phortica (Phortica) okadai (Máca, 1977) from Guanmenshan Forest Park, Liaoning, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Phortica (Phortica) omega (Okada, 1977) from Mengla, Yunnan, China, male. A. Sixth tergite (lateral view); B. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); C. Surstylus (frontal view); D. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Phortica (Phortica) orientalis (Hendel, 1914) from Fengkai, Guangdong, China, male. A. Sixth tergite (lateral view); B. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); C. Surstylus (frontal view); D. Hypandrium, aedeagus, gonopod (apical branches (a) and submedian branches (b) of anterior tripartite processes, and base (c) of posterior saccate processes), and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); E. Paramere (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 24. Phortica (Phortica) paramagna (Okada, 1971) from Nantou, Taiwan, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 25. Phortica (Phortica) perforcipata (Máca & Lin, 1993) from Wugongshan, Taiwan, China, male. A. Sixth tergite (lateral view); B. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); C. Surstylus (frontal view); D. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 26. Phortica (Phortica) protrusa (Zhang & Shi, 1997) from Lushui, Yunnan, China, male. A. Sixth tergite (lateral view); B. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); C. Surstylus (frontal view); D. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 27. Phortica (Phortica) pseudogigas (Zhang & Gan, 1986) from Kunming, Yunnan, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); C. Oviscapt (eighth sternite) and perineal sclerite (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 28. Phortica (Phortica) psi (Zhang & Gan, 1986) from Weixi, Yunnan, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 29. Phortica (Phortica) saeta (Zhang & Gan, 1986) from Deqin, Yunnan, China, male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 30. Phortica (Phortica) subradiata (Okada, 1977) from Chiayi, Taiwan, China, male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 31. Phortica (Phortica) allomega Gong & Chen, sp. nov., male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 32. Phortica (Phortica) archikappa Gong & Chen, sp. nov., male.A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); D. Paramere (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 33. Phortica (Phortica) dianzangensis Gong & Chen, sp. nov., male.A. Sixth tergite (lateral view); B. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); C. Surstylus (frontal view); D. Hypandrium, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); E. Paramere (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 34. Phortica (Phortica) imbacilia Gong & Chen, sp. nov., male.A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); D. Paramere (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 35. Phortica (Phortica) liukuni Gong & Chen, sp. nov., male. A. Epandrium, surstylus, and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, paramere, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 36. Phortica (Phortica) tibeta Gong & Chen, sp. nov., male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); D. Paramere (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 37. Phortica (Phortica) xianfui Gong & Chen, sp. nov., male. A. Epandrium and cercus (lateral view); B. Surstylus (frontal view); C. Hypandrium, aedeagus, gonopod, and aedeagal apodeme (lateral view); D. Paramere (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.