Eucnemidae, sensu Muona, 1993

Muona, Jyrki & Teräväinen, Marianna, 2020, A Re-evaluation of the Eucnemidae larval characters (Coleoptera), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (28), pp. 1-13 : 4

Eucnemidae : Pseudomeninae , Schizophilini ( Figs. 2C, D , 7C )

Head capsule undivided(c83),wide,flattened and with anteriorly directed large tooth-like projections on both sides, longitudinally grooved, as in Pseudomenini (c82), antennae located in deep pits as in all Eucnemidae except Perothopinae (c85), in contrast to all other discussed taxa ( Fig. 2C ). Labrum fused to head as in all other discussed taxa except Pseudomenini, Phyllocerinae and Anischiinae , in contrast to all other discussed taxa (c88), forming an apically excavated nasale-like structure, a unique feature ( Fig. 2D ). Antennae with four antennomeres as in Phyllocerinae , Schizophilini and Elateridae , Cerophytidae and Throscidae , in contrast to other Eucnemidae (86). MandibleswithoutretinaculumasinotherEucnemidaeexcept Perothopinae as well as Cerophytidae andThroscidae (c97),free,inward curved but not meeting medially,different from those of all other discussed taxa, laterally with large, sharp tooth-like projections as in most Eucnemidae except Perothopinae , Phyllocerinae , Pseudomenini and Anischiinae . Maxillolabial complex contiguous with epicranium on each side and incapable of movement as in Cerophytidae , Throscidae , Perothopinae , and Anischiinae , contrary to other Eucnemidae (completely fused) and Elateridae (freely movable) (c100).Legs five-segmented as in Elateridae , Cerophytidae and Throscidae , but contrary to them tiny, all other Eucnemidae with at most one-segmented legs. Abdominal segments with microtrichial patches as in other Eucnemidae except Perothopinae and Phyllocerinae , without areoles, segment IX with large bifid urogomphi as in Pseudomenini. Spiracles with closing apparatus as in other Eucnemidae , all Cerophytidae and Throscidae , in contrast to Elateridae .

Figures

Figure 2.Eucnemidae,larvalheads.(A,B) Pseudomenesbakewelli(Bonvouloir),ventral,dorsal;(C,D)Schizophilussubrufus(Randall),ventral,dorsal;(E)Palaeoxenusdohrnii (Horn)dorsal,detailventral;(F)AnischiakuscheliLawrence,ventral.a=antenna,bt=basaltooth,ft=front tooth,l=labrum,lt=lateraltooth,m=mandible,n=nasale.

Figure 7. Eucnemidae, larval heads, ventral. (A) Palaeoxenus dohrnii (Horn); (B) Pseudomenes bakewelli (Bonvouloir); (C) Schizophilus subrufus (Randall); (D) Asiocnemis mcclayi Muona; (E) Melasis pectinicornis Melsheimer; (F) Rhagomicrus bonvouloiri (Say). bt = basal tooth, lt = lateral tooth, m = mentum, pps = posterior presternal sclerite,ps = presternum,sm = submentum,vs = ventral suture.