Eucnemidae, sensu Muona, 1993

Muona, Jyrki & Teräväinen, Marianna, 2020, A Re-evaluation of the Eucnemidae larval characters (Coleoptera), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (28), pp. 1-13 : 3

Eucnemidae : Pseudomeninae , Pseudomenini ( Figs. 2A, B , 7B )

Head capsule undivided (c83),wide,flattened and with anteriorly directed large tooth-like projections on both sides, longitudinally grooved, as in Schizophilini (c82), antennae located in deep pits as in all Eucnemidae except Perothopinae (c85), in contrast to all other discussed taxa ( Fig. 2A ). Labrum free as in Phyllocerinae , in contrast to all other discussed taxa except Anischiinae (c88), platelike, without posterior arms, a unique feature ( Fig. 2B ). Antennae with four antennomeres as in Phyllocerinae , Schizophilini and Elateridae , Cerophytidae andThroscidae, in contrast to other Eucnemidae (c86). Mandibles without retinaculum as in other Eucnemidae except Perothopinae as well as Cerophytidae and Throscidae (c97), free, elongate and inwardly curved as in Perothopinae , Anischiinae and most Elateridae , different from those of Throscidae and Cerophytidae as well as other Eucnemidae . Maxillolabial complex contiguous with epicranium on each side and incapable of movement,as in Cerophytidae , Throscidae , Perothopinae and Anischiinae , contrary to other Eucnemidae (completely fused) and Elateridae (freely movable) (c100). Presternum subtriangular, pigmented, with paired oblique strong endocarinae, similar to those of Schizophilini and Palaeoxeninae .Legs five-segmented as in Elateridae , Cerophytidae and Throscidae ,but contrary to them tiny, all other Eucnemidae with at most one-segmented legs. Abdominal segments with microtrichial patches as in other Eucnemidae except Perothopinae and Phyllocerinae , without areoles, segment 9 with large bifid urogomphi as in Schizophilini . Spiracles with closing apparatus as in other Eucnemidae , all Cerophytidae and Throscidae ,in contrast to Elateridae .

Figures

Figure 2.Eucnemidae,larvalheads.(A,B) Pseudomenesbakewelli(Bonvouloir),ventral,dorsal;(C,D)Schizophilussubrufus(Randall),ventral,dorsal;(E)Palaeoxenusdohrnii (Horn)dorsal,detailventral;(F)AnischiakuscheliLawrence,ventral.a=antenna,bt=basaltooth,ft=front tooth,l=labrum,lt=lateraltooth,m=mandible,n=nasale.

Figure 7. Eucnemidae, larval heads, ventral. (A) Palaeoxenus dohrnii (Horn); (B) Pseudomenes bakewelli (Bonvouloir); (C) Schizophilus subrufus (Randall); (D) Asiocnemis mcclayi Muona; (E) Melasis pectinicornis Melsheimer; (F) Rhagomicrus bonvouloiri (Say). bt = basal tooth, lt = lateral tooth, m = mentum, pps = posterior presternal sclerite,ps = presternum,sm = submentum,vs = ventral suture.