Blepharoneura furcifer Hendel, 1914

Norrbom, Allen L. & Condon, Marty, 2010, Revision of the femoralis group of Blepharoneura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2374, Zootaxa 2374 (1), pp. 1-139 : 67-69

Blepharoneura furcifer Hendel

Figs. 32–33 , 90–91 , 122 , 157–158 , 193

Blepharoneura furcifer Hendel 1914: 20 [in key], 23 [description]; Hering 1941: 133 [ Peru, in key]; Aczél 1950: 196 [in catalog]; Foote 1967: 18 [in catalog]; Hardy 1968: 110 [type data]; Norrbom et al. 1999: 106 [in catalog].

Diagnosis. This species, B. ruptafascia , septemdigitata , an undescribed species (see B. sp. nr. furcifer ) and some specimens of B. quadristriata and macwilliamsae differ from other Blepharoneura species in having two marginal hyaline marks in cell r2+3, the more distal of which forms a concave band ending on the posteroapical margin of cell r4+5. B. furcifer differs from the undescribed species in having the proximal marginal hyaline spot in cell r2+3 extended into cell r4+5; cell dm with two hyaline marks in basal 2/3; cell cu1 with medial hyaline mark Y-shaped; and the medial surstylus with the prensisetae closely approximated. It differs from B. macwilliamsae , ruptafascia , and quadristriata in having either three or no anterior brown spots or vittae on the scutum (there are 2 or 4 in the other species) and from the latter two species in having yellow spots within the brown abdominal markings. It differs from B. septemdigitata in the markings of cell c (see key), but is most reliably distinguished from it by aculeus shape. The aculeus in B. furcifer is similar to those of B. rupta and cornelli , with minutely serrate, digitate lateral and broad slanted sublateral lobes, a steplike submedial lobe, and unpaired truncate or convex medial lobe. The aculeus of B. septemdigitata has similar lateral and sublateral lobes, but the submedial and medial lobes are digitate and separated by deep gaps.

Description. Head: Dark brown area on ocellar tubercle usually extended more than half distance to postocellar seta or reaching it, sometimes faintly. Medial vertical seta in small ovoid brown spot mostly posteromesal to seta or in narrow band extended to opposite seta and usually connected to brown area on ocellar tubercle. Medial occipital sclerite with (2 of 8 specimens) or without pair of brown submedial vittae on ventral half. Occipital suture narrowly dark orange to red brown.

Thorax ( Fig. 90–91 ): Scutum nonmicrotrichose except anterolaterally, laterally, and posterior to dorsocentral seta, entirely orange or usually (6 of 9 specimens) with unpaired presutural medial red brown vitta, extended midway to or reaching transverse suture, and (5 of 9 specimens) presutural pair of red brown spots or short vittae aligned with medial corner of postpronotal lobe but not reaching it; sometimes (4 of 7 specimens) with uninterrupted narrow brown band near posterior margin. Scutellum, subscutellum, mediotergite and pleuron entirely yellow. Basalare entirely yellow. Dorsocentral seta aligned posterior to postalar seta, closer to or aligned with intra-alar seta.

Legs: Entirely yellow.

Wing ( Fig. 32–33 ): Length 5.90–6.73 mm, width 3.00– 3.45 mm, ratio 1.90–1.97. Crossvein r-m at 0.49– 0.51 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu. Cell c with 2 rectangular to ovoid hyaline spots, basal spot sometimes narrowly separated from costa or rarely from subcosta by pale brown area, distal spot reaching costa and subcosta; medial brown area as dark or almost as dark as area of cell r1 posterior to pterostigma, usually with medial, streak-like pale brown area, dark brown medial area broader than basal hyaline spot, as broad or broader than distal spot. Pterostigma with subapical hyaline spot [#3], variable in size, minute to large and reaching R1. Cells r1 and r2+3 basally (proximal to apex of R1) without hyaline spots (Bolivian ♂♂) or usually only with spot in r1 posterior and slightly distal to apex of vein Sc. Radial cells medially with tapering basal marginal hyaline mark [#5] in cell r1 and usually with aligned spots in r2+3 [#8] and r4+5 [#14], usually forming acute triangular to nipple-shaped mark; spot in r2+3 rarely absent (Bolivian ♂♂) or sometimes not extending to R2+3 or R4+5 (3 specimens) leaving small aligned spot [#14] in r4+5 isolated; spot in r4+5 [#14] usually touching R4+5 but extended at most one third across cell; cell r2+3 often (5 of 7 specimens) with slightly more distal, small hyaline spot [#9], sometimes touching R2+3 or R4+5; cell r4+5 with medial hyaline spot [#15] near anterior end of dm-cu small. Distally cell r1 with 1 subapical marginal hyaline spot [#6], rarely (1 wing of Colombian ♂) minute and indistinct, pale brown, occasionally (Colombian ♂, 1 wing of paralectotype) with additional small posterior hyaline spot. Cell r2+3 with 2 elongate marginal hyaline marks, proximal mark [#10] aligned with mark in cell r4+5 forming band extending at least to middle of r4+5, sometimes connected to proximal mark in cell m, distal mark [#11] aligned with mark in r4+5 [including #18] forming concave band extending to posteroapical margin of r4+5. Cell m usually with 2 marginal hyaline marks, proximal mark rarely (Leticia ♂) divided into 2 (marginal [#27] and anteromedial [fused #26, #26A]) spots, distal mark [#29] not extending into cell r4+5. Cell br with subbasal hyaline spot [#12]. Cell bm without subbasal spot [#19], with small to large medial or subapical spot [#20]. Posteromedial part of wing with more proximal elongate hyaline band or series of 2–3 aligned spots and more distalY-shaped hyaline mark in cell cu1 and aligned spot in cell dm; cell br with subapical hyaline spot [#13] usually reaching posterior margin and often anterior margin; cell dm with usually slightly broader hyaline band [fused #21, #22], sometimes interrupted anteriorly along vein M (3 specimens) and occasionally (1 specimen) also posteriorly in cell dm, aligned with subapical spot [#13] in cell br and usually with or partially with proximal anterior spot in cell cu1 [#31?] if latter present, posteromedially with ovoid hyaline spot [#23 and/or #24], occasionally ( Venezuela ♂, 1 wing of Guyana ♀) connected to proximal band, aligned with Y-shaped mark in cell cu1 (variously aligned with middle of mark, or with proximal branch and middle, or distal branch and middle of Y-shaped mark) isolating or nearly isolating brown mark anteriorly in cell cu1; cell cu1 with large marginal hyaline mark across apex of vein A1+Cu2 [fused #34, #39] isolated, with small anterior proximal hyaline spot [#31?] aligned with or slightly proximal to proximal band in cell dm, and with large Y-shaped hyaline mark [fused #32?, #33, #36], proximal branch of fork aligned distal to proximal marginal mark in cell cu1 [#34, #39] and proximal mark in cell dm; subapical marginal hyaline mark [#37] moderate to large. Cell dm with subapical spot [#25] small and hyaline (1 specimen) or usually faint, pale brown, or absent.

Abdomen ( Fig. 122 ): All tergites with pair of broad irregular dark brown markings; mark on each tergite extended along posterior margin to lateral margin of tergite; markings on tergites 3–5 bi- or trimodal or with 1–2 small to large anterior yellow spots within them; markings broadly separated medially by slightly tapering, nearly straight margined yellow area.

Female terminalia: Oviscape entirely dark brown; length 1.00– 1.10 mm. Aculeus ( Fig. 157–158 ) 0.88 mm long, 1.83–2.00 times as long as wide, with acute scales dorsally and ventrally on membrane medially; tip slightly flared outward basolaterally, short triangular (lobed part 0.38–0.39 times as long as wide), with short broad truncate or convex medial lobe and 3 pairs of lobes; lateral lobe large and digitiform, with minute serrations apically; sublateral lobe very broad and slanted, minutely serrate; submedial lobe small and steplike. Spermathecae subspherical, with strongly convoluted, broad sclerotized neck and with or without small cylindrical basal apodeme ( Fig. 193 ).

Male terminalia: Medial surstylus long and slender, prensisetae subequal, closely approximated, separated by less than width of medial prensiseta.

Distribution. Low to middle elevation areas of Venezuela (Monagas), Guyana, eastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and southern Brazil (São Paulo).

Type data. Lectotype ♀ ( NMW) [here designated to stabilize the usage of this name], PERU: Pachitea- Münd. [mouth of Río Pachitea ], 150 m, 24 Nov 1903, [C. A. W. Schnuse] . Paralectotype ♂ ( SMT USNMENT00213926 ), BOLIVIA: La Paz: Mapiri [area], San Carlos , 800 m, Apr 1903, [C. A. W. Schnuse]. Both type specimens were examined. Each has a determination label with " Blepharoneura furcifer " in Hendel's writing. The male also has a red Typus label with " Blepharoneura furcifer Hendel " in his writing, and the lectotype has a red “Cotype ♀ ” label and a label with “Cotype ♀ Marked by D. E. Hardy —1961”, both added by Hardy. The lectotype is lacking its right wing, but otherwise is in good condition. Its mesonotum is entirely orange .

Other specimens examined. BOLIVIA: La Paz: Mapiri, Arroyo Tuhiri , 15°17'26"S 68°15'46"W, 508 m, Malaise trap, 9–13 Apr 2004, S. D. Gaimari & M. Hauser, 1♂ ( CDFA USNMENT00212451 ) . BRAZIL: São Paulo: Araçatuba, Corrego Azul , Feb 1946, Barretto, 1♂ ( MZUSP USNMENT00213923 ) . COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Leticia , 20–26 Feb 1972, A. Sauvé, 1♂ ( CNC USNMENT00213924 ) . ECUADOR: Napo: Limoncocha, Rio Napo, 300 m, Malaise trap, 28 Dec 1973, B. Drummond, 1♀ ( FSCA USNMENT00213928 ) . GUYANA: [unspecified locality], 1908, K. S. Wise, 1♀ ( BMNH USNMENT00213925 ) . PERU: Madre de Dios: Avispas , 20–30 Sep 1962, L. Peña, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00053665 ) . VENEZUELA: Monagas: Caripito , 4 May 1942, 1♂ ( AMNH USNMENT00213927 ) .

Figures

FIGURES 26–35. Wing: 26, B. cyclantherae (Mexico: Rt. 95, USNMENT00052304); 27–29, B. femoralis (Mexico: El Triunfo, USNMENT00213770; Brazil: Nova Teutonia, USNMENT00213754, USNMENT00052306); 30–31, B. fernandezi (Venezuela: El Limon, USNMENT00213886; Cumbre Roja, USNMENT00213885); 32–33, B. furcifer (Ecuador: Limoncocha, USNMENT00213928; Bolivia: San Carlos, USNMENT00213926); 34, B. sp. nr. furcifer (Panama: Barro Colorado USNMENT00213930); 35, B. hirsuta (Venezuela: Guatopo, USNMENT00213792).

FIGURES 90–93. Thorax, dorsal: 90–91, B. furcifer (Venezuela: Capirito, USNMENT00213927; Peru: Avispas, USNMENT00053665); 92, B. hirsuta (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, USNMENT00054199); 93, B. septemdigitata (Peru: Erika, USNMENT00054208).

FIGURES 119–125. Abdomen, dorsal: 119–120, B. septemdigitata (Peru: Pakitza, USNMENT00213939–40); 121, B. cornelli (holotype); 122, B. furcifer (USNMENT00053665); 123, B. hirsuta (Brazil: Manaus, USNMENT00054198); 124, B. brevivittata (Costa Rica: Rincon de Osa, USNMENT00054203); 125, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00054201).

FIGURES 156–164. Aculeus: 156, B. fernandezi (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00213888); 157–158, B. furcifer (Ecuador: Limoncocha, USNMENT00213928; lectotype); 159, B. lutea (Costa Rica: Golfito, USNMENT00213824); 160, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00054200); 161, B. rupta (Mexico: Teapa, USNMENT00213796); 162, B. ruptafascia (holotype); 163, B. septemdigitata (Peru: Pakitza, USNMENT00213937); 164, B. unifasciata (holotype). ln = length, wd = width (of tip and gap).

FIGURES 188–195. Spermathecae: 188–190, B. femoralis (Mexico: Lagunas de Zempoala, USNMENT00213772; Oaxaca, USNMENT00213778; Brazil: Nova Teutonia, USNMENT00052306); 191, B. regina (2) (Mexico: Lagunas de Zempoala, USNMENT00213846); 192, B. quadristriata (3) (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00213949); 193, B. furcifer (3) (lectotype). Egg: 194, B. femoralis (Mexico: Mexico City, USNMENT00213773); 195, B. lutea (Costa Rica: Golfito, USNMENT00213824).