Stagmatoptera binotata Scudder, 1869

Rodrigues, Henrique Miranda & Cancello, Eliana Marques, 2016, Taxonomic revision of Stagmatoptera Burmeister, 1838 (Mantodea: Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae), Zootaxa 4183 (1), pp. 1-78 : 8-14

Stagmatoptera binotata Scudder, 1869

Male—Figures 2A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A–19A. Female—Figures 2B, 4A, 6A, 8A, 10A, 12A, 20A–22A.

Stagmatoptera binotata Scudder, 1869 , p.341 (descr.); Saussure, 1871b, p. 94 (cit.); Westwood, 1889, p.16 (cit.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (cit.); Rehn, 1911, p.12 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1914, p. 29 (redesc.); Werner, 1925a, p.166 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1927, p.596 (redesc.); Beier, 1930, p.31 (cit.); Jantsch & Corseuil, 1988, p.233 (cit.); Terra, 1995, p.64 (cit.); Ehrmann, 2002, p.328 (cit.); Agudelo et al., 2007, p.125 (cit.); Ehrmann & Koçak, 2009, p.11 (cit.).

= Mantis (S.) rogatoria Burmeister, 1838 non M. rogatoria Stoll, 1813 , p. 540 (descr.); De Haan, 1842, p.74 (cit.).

= Stagmatoptera rogatoria, Saussure, 1870 , p. 231 (cit.); Rehn, 1904, p.571 (cit.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (syn. with S. praedicatoria ).

= Stagmatoptera praedicatoria Saussure, 1870 , p.232 (descr.); Saussure, 1871, p.92, t.1, f.10 (cit.); Stål, 1877, p.72 (cit.); Westwood, 1889, p.16, t.4, f.6 (cit.); Rehn, 1904, p.571 (syn. w/ S. rogatoria ); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (cit.); Rehn, 1911, p.12 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1914, p. 29 (syn. with S. binotata ).

Syntypes. 1♂ and 1♀, Napo River or Marañon River (Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University) (not examined).

Type locality. Napo River or Marañon River.

Synonym types. Syntype of S. praedicatoria , 1♀, Alto Amazon., M. Brunner d. W. (MHNG) (examined). Syntype of S. praedicatoria , 1♂, Manaus, [AM], M. Brunner d. W. (MHNG) (examined).

Diagnosis. Prothorax strongly crenulated in both sexes, femoral internal spot triangular, nitid black.

Redescription. Male —Prothorax slender, lateral margins with strong crenulation. Metazona with a conspicuous central keel ( Fig. 5 A). Forecoxae with 6–13 large spines, which alternate with 2–10 smaller spines ( Fig.7 A). Forefemora slender, the first three discoidal spines black on their anterior surface; 11–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15, the first and all large spines black on their anterior surface; the 8th, 10th and 12th spines may feature a small black spot on their insertion. Anterior femoral spot extending from femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, triangular and nitid black color ( Fig. 9 A). Foretibiae with 9–12 posteroventral spines, usually 10 or 11 and 12–17 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur black on its anterior surface ( Fig. 11 A). Foretarsi with black apical spots on the anterior surface of tarsomeres I–IV. Discoidal area of forewings opaque-green, becoming either gradually or suddenly hyaline towards the posterior end. Spot on stigma circular, medium sized, reaching the middle of discoidal area, with a crescent-shaped white spot surrounded by a circular brown spot and in the center a small semi-hyaline region. Discoidal and anal areas of hindwings completely hyaline or hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins of the anterior-most halves ( Fig. 2 A).

Genitalia. Left phallomere longer than wide, sclerite L4B approximately as long as wide; apical process (paa) elongated, slightly dilated on the left side of its base, angled approximately 45° from the body axis, apex expanded and bilobate, directed ventrally ( Fig. 13 A); distal process (pda) long, broad, flattened, sharply bent 90° to the right, apex strongly sclerotized and slightly tapered ( Fig. 16 A); apofisi falloid (afa) elongated, parallel to the body axis ( Fig. 14 A), right margin smooth and sinuous ( Fig. 15 A), posterior apex simple and undivided, slightly rough surface and moderately sclerotized, anterior apex bent 90° to the right, left margin becoming progressively more sclerotized towards the apex ( Fig. 14 A); Membranous lobe (loa) elongated and straight ( Fig. 14 A); membrane adjacent to the afa glabrous ( Fig. 14 A). Right phallomere with posterior apex rounded; Medial arm (bm) short, with the apex slightly expanded making a gentle elevation ( Fig. 17 A); Ventral plate ( pia ) elongated, moderately sclerotized ( Figs. 18 A–19A); Ventral process (pva) elongated, moderately sclerotized, apex rounded ( Fig. 19 A); Anterior apodeme (an) elongated, apex smoothly rounded ( Fig. 18 A).

Measurements. Body length: 70.1–81; head width: 6.5–7.3; prozona length: 4.4–5.3; metazona length: 22.2–26.5; prothorax width: 4.5–5.5; forecoxae length: 12.2–15.7; forefemora length: 14.7–18.1; forefemora width: 2.2–2.7; foretibiae length: 6.6–8.1.

Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.29–1.57; metazona/prozona: 4.52–5.1; metazona length/prothoracic width: 4.44–5.3; metazona/forecoxae: 1.64–1.82; forefemora length/width: 6.22–7.17.

Female —Prothorax slender, lateral margins with strong crenulation. Metazona with conspicuous central keel ( Fig. 6 A). Forecoxae crenulated, with 6–15 large spines, which alternate with 4–13 smaller spines ( Fig. 8 A). Forefemora elongated and slender, the first three discoidal spines black on their anterior surface; 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15, the first spine and all the large spines black on their anterior surface, the 8th, 10th and 12th spines may present a small black spot on their insertion. Anterior femoral spot extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, triangular and nitid black color ( Fig. 10 A). Foretibiae with 9–12 posteroventral spines, usually 10 or 11, and 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur black on the anterior surface ( Fig. 12 A). Foretarsi with black apical spots on the anterior surface of tarsomeres I–IV. The spot on the stigma circular, medium sized, reaching the middle of the discoidal area, with a crescent-shaped white spot surrounded by a circular brown spot and in the center a small semi-hyaline region. Costal area of the hindwings hyaline, discoidal and anal areas hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins ( Fig. 2 B).

Genitalia. Base of gonapophysis VIII projecting inwards ( Fig. 20 A); Basivalvula (bv) roughly rectangular, anterior internal margins curving outwardly ( Fig. 20 A), all the internal surfaces sculpted ( Fig. 21 A); Interbasivalvula (ib) weakly sclerotized ( Fig. 21 A); Posterolateral extensions (pe) elongated, weakly sclerotized, with smooth margins ( Fig. 21 A); Sclerite on the dorsal wall of genital papilla (gs) almost membranous, smooth ( Fig. 22 A); Laterosternal shelf (ls) oval, posterior process short, triangular ( Fig. 22 A).

Measurements. Body length: 78.4–96.1; head width: 8.1–9.6; prozona length: 6.1–7.8; metazona length: 28.4–35.8; prothorax width: 6.7–8.3; forecoxae length: 17.8–22.3; forefemora length: 21.1–26.3; forefemora width: 3.2–4.4; foretibiae length: 9.2–11.9.

Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.12–1.26; metazona/prozona: 4.14–4.78; metazona length/prothoracic width: 3.95–4.44; metazona/forecoxae: 1.47–1.66; forefemora length/width: 5.89–7.12.

Remarks. Scudder described Stagmatoptera binotata in 1869 based on one specimen most likely collected from Peru. Since then this species has been collected in several other localities across the Amazon rainforest. However, two specimens from the MCTP collection have labels indicating localities witin Rio Grande do Sul state, in Brazil, far from the Amazon. These records are dubious, because it is very likely that these specimens are mislabeled.

Distribution. Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul [?], Rondônia), French Guiana, Peru.

Examined material. BRAZIL: Rio Purus , 1904, J.A. Martins-Barbosa, 1♀ ( MNHN) ; Amapá—Alto Amapari, vii-viii.1959, J. Lane, 1♂ (MZSP). Serra do Navio , xi.1964, E. Dente col., 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Amazonas—Benjamin Constant , v.1961, Dirings col., 1♂ 1♀ ( MZSP) . B. Constant, 19.viii.1984, J. Kuhn, 1♂, 1224 (MCTP). B. Constant, 1983, J. Kuhn, 1♂, 0 726 (MCTP). Benj. Const. 13.viii.1980, J. Maia leg., 1♀, 0 534 (MCTP). Benj. Const., 17.i.1983 [?], J. Kuhn, 1♀, 0 725 (MCTP). Benj. Const., 07.ix.1979, A. Maia leg., 1♂, 0 0 99 (MCTP). Paxiúba, Rio Abacaxis, Borba , 04°28’48”S 58°34’24”W, 02-04.vi.2008, J.A. Rafael e equipe, 1♂ ( INPA) . Paraná de Urariá, Fortaleza , 24.ii.1972, EPA [Expedição Permanente da Amazônia], 1♂ ( MZSP) .

Humaitá , ix.1980, Andrade col., 1♀ ( MZSP) . Estirão da Preta, Rio Liberdade, Ipixuna , 07°21’46,7”S 71°52’07,1”W, 11-15.v.2011, J.A. Rafael, D. Takiya, A. Somavilla & A. Agudelo, 1♀ ( INPA) . Est. Mn., CEPLAC, Itacoatiara , 06.v.1976, Eduardo col., 1♂ ( INPA) . Resev Unini, Rio Unini, Manapana , 01°53’18”S 62°27’46”W, 11- 12.vi.2004, A. Silva F. & L. Aquino, 1♂ ( INPA) . C1 ASA Manaus , 12.iii.1986, P.E. Gonçalves col., 1♀ ( INPA) . Campus INPA, Manaus , 22.iii.1988, Celia col., 1♀ ( INPA) . Campus INPA, Manaus , 08.iv.1988, da Silva, B.M. col., 1♀ ( INPA) . Vale do Sol II, Aleixo, Manaus , 29.iii.1986, Vera Lucia L. Lima col., 1♀ ( INPA) . Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Manaus , 02°55’51”S 59°58’59”W, floresta úmida, 06-10.iii.2007, L.M. Fusari leg., 1♀ ( INPA) . São Lázaro, Manaus , 08.v.1988, Leite, S.S. col., 1♀ ( INPA) . Um Est Amo 1 km 60, Res Camp , 05.iv.1976, Germano G. Neto, 1♀ ( INPA) ; Pará—PA, Schulz, 1♂ (MHNG). Tipo de S. rogatória , PA, 1♀ (ZMB). PA, 2♀ (ZMB). Belém , 16.ii.1983, A.L. Henriques, 1♀ ( INPA) . Capitão Poço , 26.ii.1978, P. Tadeu, 1♂ ( MZSP) . Liverpool, Foz do Taipuru , 12.xi.1969, EPA [Expedição Permanente da Amazônia], 1♂ ( MZSP) . Santo Antonio de Tauá, PA, 5-15.x.1979, Michel Boulard rec., 1♂ (MNHN); Rio Grande do Sul—Nova Petrópolis , 24.iii.1979, V. Lima leg., 1♀, 0 439 ( MCTP) . Porto Alegre , 03.iv.1980, E. Acauan leg., 1♂, 0 0 91 ( MCTP) ; Rondônia—Porto Velho , 28.ix.1979, J. Campbell, 1♂ ( INPA) . FRENCH GUIANA: Env. St. Georges Oyapok, 1900, F. Geay, 3♂ ( MNHN) . Route de Régina, 1984, Piège lumineux, S. Boucher, 1♂ (MNHN). PERU: Estiron, Rio Ampiyacu , Loreto, 15-22.v.1966, B. Malkin col., 1♀ ( MZSP) . Jenaro Herrera, 4°55’S 73°40’W , Loreto, ix.1987, Piège lumineux, G. Couturier col., 1♂ ( MNHN) . Estiron, Rio Ampiyacu , Loreto, xii.1982, S. Poulain rec., 2♂ ( MNHN) . Estiron, Chemin de Paucar, Rio Ampiyacu , Loreto, xii.1983, Forêt primaire non inondable, C. Amedegnato & S. Poulain rec., 2♂ ( MNHN) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Stagmatoptera binotata, dorsal habitus. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 5. Stagamatoptera spp., dorsal view of pronotum (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis; F, S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 6. Stagmatoptera spp., dorsal view of pronotum (females). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. biocellata; D, S. femoralis; E, S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Stagmatoptera spp., anterior view of forecoxae (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis; F, S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Stagmatoptera spp., anterior view of forecoxae (females). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. biocellata; D, S. femoralis; E, S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 9. Stagmatoptera spp., anterior view of forefemora (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis; F, S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Stagmatoptera spp., anterior view of forefemora (females). A— Stagmatoptera binotata; B— S. diana sp. n.; C— S. biocellata; D— S. femoralis; E— S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Stagmatoptera spp., anterior view of foretibiae (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis; F, S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 12. Stagmatoptera spp., anterior view of foretibiae (female). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. biocellata; D, S. femoralis; E— S. hyaloptera. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Stagmatoptera spp., dorsal view of left phallomere complex (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis. Abbreviations: afa, apofisi falloide; L 4 B, dorsal sclerite of the left phallomere complex; loa, lobo membranoso; paa, processo apical; pda, processo distale.

FIGURE 14. Stagmatoptera spp., dorsal view of apofisi falloide (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis. Abbreviations: afa, apofisi falloide; loa, lobo membranoso.

FIGURE 15. Stagmatoptera spp., lateroventral view of apofisi falloide (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis. Abbreviations: afa, apofisi falloide; loa, lobo membranoso.

FIGURE 16. Stagmatoptera spp., ventral view of left phallomere complex (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis. Abbreviations: paa, processo apicale; pda, processo distale.

FIGURE 17. Stagmatoptera spp., dorsal view of right phallomere (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis. Abbreviations: an, apodema anteriore; bm, braccio mediale.

FIGURE 18. Stagmatoptera spp., lateral view of right phallomere (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis. Abbreviations: an, apodema anteriore; pia, piastra ventrale; pva, processo ventral.

FIGURE 19. Stagmatoptera spp., ventral view of right phallomere (males). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. cerdai sp. n.; D, S. biocellata; E, S. femoralis. Abbreviations: an, apodema anteriore; bm, braccio mediale; pia, piastra ventrale; pva, processo ventral.

FIGURE 20. Stagmatoptera spp., ventral view of ovipositor (females). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, biocellata; D, S. femoralis; E, S. hyaloptera. Abbreviations: bv, basivalvula; ib, interbasivalvula; pe, posterolateral extensions.

FIGURE 21. Stagmatoptera spp., detail basal portion of ovipositor (females). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, biocellata; D, S. femoralis; E, S. hyaloptera. Abbreviations: bv, basivalvula; ib, interbasivalvula; pe, posterolateral extensions.

FIGURE 22. Stagmatoptera spp., dorsal view of genital chamber floor (females). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. biocellata; D, S. femoralis; E, S. hyaloptera. Abbreviations: gs, sclerite on the dorsal wall of genital papilla; ls, laterosternal shelf.