Apodrosus quisqueyanus Girón & Franz, 2010

Girón, Jennifer C. & Franz, Nico M., 2010, Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Insect Systematics & Evolution 41, pp. 339-414 : 388-392

Apodrosus quisqueyanus Girón & Franz sp.n.

( Fig. 15 )

Diagnosis

Apodrosus quisqueyanus is characterized by the combination of having an apically bifurcated median furrow on the head, a mesally constricted rostrum, and an irregular scale coloration pattern composed of white and brown, iridescent (yellowish, reddish to greenish) scales with recurvate, decumbent, yellowish setae. This species may be differentiated from of A. stenoculus by its more widely oval (as opposed to narrow) eyes in lateral view, a mesally constricted rostrum, and irregularly colored scale coverage.

Specimens examined

Holotype ♀ “D. R., Pedernales, Las Cuevas , Bahía de las Aguilas Station , afternoon & night collecting (incl. Hg & UV lights), 40 m, N 17°51′43.8″ W 71°38′18.3″ / Jun

08/2008, ( RD 8-3 ), Leg. N. Franz, J. Girón, A. Mazo, S. Navarro ” ( UPRM); paratypes, same label information as holotype (AMNH: 3 ♂, 4 ♀; CMNC: 3 ♂, 4 ♀; CWOB: 3 ♂, 4 ♀; MEBT: 3 ♂, 4 ♀; MHND: 3 ♂, 4 ♀; NMNH: 3 ♂, 4 ♀; UPRM: 9 ♂, including 1 dissected, 8 ♀, including 1 dissected); “D. R., Pedernales, Sierra de Bahoruco, Km 10.5 Rd. Cabo Rojo to Aceitillar, night collecting (incl. Hg & UV lights), 100 m, N 18°0′36.1″ W 71°38′48.1″/ Jun 09/2008, (RD 9-5), Leg. N. Franz, J. Girón, A. Mazo, S. Navarro” (UPRM: 16 ♂, including 1 dissected, 9 ♀, including 1 dissected); “REP. DOMINICANA, 3 Km S. E. Pedernales, 9 July 1985, W. E. Clark” (CWOB: 6 ♂, including 1 dissected, 8 ♀, including 1 dissected); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov., 25.5 Km N. Cabo Rojo, 12-21-V-1992, coll. M. C. Thomas” (FSCA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀); “DOMINICAN REP.: Prov. Pedernales, 25.5 Km N. of Cabo Rojo, 25-VI-1992, P. Skelley, beating misc. brush” (FSCA: 2 ♀); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales, Cabo Rojo, 10 m 28.XI-2.XII.1991, coastal thorn scrub, pool, L. Masner & S. Peck, 91-362” (CMNC: 2 ♂, 4 ♀); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov., Cabo Rojo, 18 May 1992, R. Turnbow” (FSCA: 8 ♂, 3 ♀); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov., Cabo Rojo, 18-V-1992, M.C. Thomas” (FSCA: 6 ♂, 5 ♀); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales, 4 Km W. Oviedo, 10 m arid thorn for., 91-344, 28.XI-4.XII.1991, FIT, L. Masner & S. Peck” (CMNC: 4 ♂); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales, 13 Km NE Oveida, 18 May 1992, R. Turnbow” (RHTC: 1 ♂); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov., 25.5 Km N. Cabo Rojo, 20 May 1992, R. Turnbow” (CMNC: 1 ♂); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov., Cabo Rojo, 18-V-1992, M. C. Thomas” (CMNC: 2 ♂, 2 ♀); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales, Cabo Rojo, 18 May 1992, R. Turnbow” (RHTC: 8 ♂; 7 ♀); “DOMINICAN REP., Prov. Pedernales, 25.5 Km N. Cabo Rojo, 25-VI-1992, P. Skelley, beating misc. bush” (CMNC: 1 ♂); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales, Cabo Rojo, 10 July 1996, R. Turnbow” (CMNC: 3 ♂, 1 ♀); “DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales, 7 Km N Pedernales, 12 July 1996, R. Turnbow” (CMNC: 1 ♀); “DOM. REP., Pedernales, 18 Km W. Oviedo, 8-30-1997, P. W. Kovarik” (CWOB: 12 ♂, 5 ♀); “DOM. REP., Pedernales, 18 Km W. Oviedo, 8-30-1997, C. W. O’Brien” (CWOB: 17 ♂, including 1 dissected, 14 ♀, including 1 dissected); “DOM. REP., Peravia, 31 Km N. San Jose de Ocoa, IX-1-1997, P. W. Kovarik,Hwy.41”(CWOB:1♂,dissected,5♀, including1dissected);“DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov., 1 Km N. of Banano, 18°09.258′ N, 71°45.384′ W, 290 m, 12-VII-2004, leg. A. Konstantinov” (NMNH: 1 ♂); “DOMINICAN REP., Prov. Barahona,ca.5Km N.Caleton,25-VI-1992,P.E.Skelley”(FSCA:1♂);“DOMINICAN REP., Prov. Barahona, nr. Filipinas, Larimar Mine, 27-VI-1992, F. W. Skillman Jr., beating” (CWOB: 1 ♂); “DOMINICAN REP., Prov. Barahona, near Filipinas, Larimar Mine, 26-VI/ 7-VII-1992, F. W. Skillman Jr., beating” (CWOB: 2 ♂, 2 ♀).

Description

Body length 3–5.5 mm; in dorsal view ( Fig. 15 ) 2.8-times longer than greatest width which is at humeri, shape subrectangular; dorsal outline in lateral view subplane. Integument surface smooth; vestiture uniformly composed of white and brown, iridescent (yellowish, reddish to greenish) scales, with recurvate, decumbent, yellowish setae. Eyes ( Fig. 15B ) 1.7-times longer than wide, projected, 0.4-times width and 0.7-times length of head in lateral view, separated from anterior margin of prothorax by 0.5- times greatest diameter of eye; line of anterior margin of eyes impressed; shortest distance between eyes (in dorsal view) 0.4-times greatest width of pronotum; median furrow ( Fig. 15B ) apically bifurcated, narrow and shallow, extending from anterior margin of eyes beyond their posterior margin, though not reaching anterior margin of pronotum. Rostrum ( Fig. 15B ) nearly as long as wide, with lateral margins slightly constricted at basal third; epistome apically with 3–5 setae situated on each side, extending posteriorly as a longitudinal, narrow keel to midpoint of rostrum, nasal plate well defined, concave. Rostrum in lateral view slightly longer than wide; antennal insertion near apical third of rostrum; scrobe curved downwards by 50°, directed ventrally at end, extending to anterior third of eye, separated from it by 3-times width of scrobe. Mandibles with 3 lateral setae, pharyngeal process slightly longer than mandible. Maxillae with cardo 3.4-times longer than its greatest width; stipes with 4 lateral setae; galeo-lacinial complex mesally extending to apex of maxillary palpomere I, apex slightly acute, with 3-4 apical mid-sized setae, with a tuft of tongue-like apically rounded mid-sized setae, with 4 lacinial teeth and a small tuft of long fine setae at base of lacinia; maxillary palpomere I as long as III, each 1.5-times longer than II; I with 1 apicolateral seta; II with 1 mesolateral and 1 anteapical dorsal seta. Labium with prementum subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, lateral margins rounded, apical margin slightly projected in mid region; in lateral profile with ventral surface slightly depressed at base, thereafter roundly projected and upwardly curved towards apex, not strongly sculptured. Antennae reddish brown; antennal scape extending to posterior margin of eye; funicular antennomere I 1.5-times longer than II; antennal club 0.5- times length of funicle, 2.7-times longer than wide. Pronotum ( Fig. 15A ) subquadrate, slightly wider than long, greatest width at midpoint; dorsal surface shallowly puncturate, each puncture with a curved, brownish seta; posterior margin bisinuate, 1.2-times wider than anterior margin; prothorax in lateral view with dorsal outline 1.6-times length of ventral outline; scutellum subcircular, with scales. Mesosternum ( Fig. 15D ) 0.6-times length of prosternum. Metasternum with lateral portions posteriorly slightly produced (in lateral profile gradually ascending towards posterior fourth, thereafter descending roundly, posterior face covered with scales); distance between posterior margin of mesocoxae and anterior margin of metacoxae 0.9-times length of prosternum. Metendosternite with furcal arms 1.3-times longer than stalk, positioned at nearly 120° in relation to horizontal axis; ventral margin of stalk 1.9-times its dorsal width. Legs with profemora 1.2-times length of pronotum; claws subparallel, with inner margins divergent. Elytra in dorsal view ( Fig. 15A ) 1.9-times their greatest width which is 1.5-times wider than pronotum; anterior margins sinuate; humeral region 1.6-times wider than posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins parallel; apex narrowly rounded; in lateral view ( Fig. 15C ) with dorsal outline subplane; posterior declivity distinct, rounded; striae IX and X fused along their second third; intervals completely covered with brown and white to grey scales, sometimes forming irregular spotted patterns (each spot consisting of ±15 brown scales); interval X slightly produced along second fifth; with recurvate, decumbent setae. Wings 1.9-times length of elytra, 3.7-times longer than wide; costal margin nearly straight; apex slightly wider than base; 3A not intersecting with 2A. Venter ( Fig. 15D ) densely covered with scales; VII with median posterior pit interrupting posterior margin, anterior margin 2.4-times wider than its length; ♂: IV 1.2-times longer than V and VI jointly, as long as VII, VII with posterior margin rounded; ♀: IV 2-times longer than V and VI jointly, 1.7-times longer than VII, VII with posterior margin mesally narrowed.

Terminalia. Male with tergum VII subpentagonal, nearly as long as wide; anterior margin subtriangular, mesally narrowly rounded, posterior margin mesally emarginate, laterally rounded. Tergum VIII transverse, slightly wider than its mesal length; anterior margin rounded; posterior margin straight in mid region, laterally widely rounded. Sternum VIII with 3-4 apical setae; spiculum relictum forming a forked process with base slightly longer than wide, arms 1.5-times length of base. Spiculum gastrale with apodeme 1.5-times longer than aedeagus, each furcal arm suboval.Tegmen with tegminal apodeme nearly 0.7-times length of aedeagus, tegminal plate slightly projected posteriorly. Aedeagus in dorsal view ( Fig. 15E ) 4-times longer than its greatest width, lateral margins apically slightly divergent; apex narrowly rounded. Endophallus with a pair of opposed lightly sclerotized areas positioned near apex, and a pair of J-shaped sclerites apicad of midpoint. Aedeagus in lateral view ( Fig. 15F ) 7-times longer than its greatest width. Aedeagal apodemes slightly longer than aedeagus.

Female. With tergum VII slightly wider than long, posterior margin acutely rounded. Tergum VIII subtriangular, 1.2-times wider than long. Sternum VIII with lamina triangular, occupying posterior one fifth. Coxites+styli slightly shorter than lamina of sternum VIII, stylus 3-times longer than its greatest width, with 3-5 long apical setae. Genital chamber 0.7-times length of sternum VIII. Spermatheca ( Fig. 15G ) 1.4-times longer than wide, J-shaped; margin between cornu and ramus emarginate; ramus slightly widened distally, apically truncate; surface of cornu and ramus lightly striate.

Variation

Th e examined specimens vary considerably in their color patterns yet are never uniformly colored.

Etymology

Named after Quisqueya, the original name of Hispaniola in the Taíno language.

Natural history

Apodrosus quisqueyanus occurs in dry, shrubby lower-elevation forests (5-450 m) in the southwestern Dominican Republic ( Fig. 18B ). Adult specimens have been taken primarily on legume species.

Figures

Fig. 15. Apodrosus quisqueyanus.(A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise

Fig. 18. Occurrences of Apodrosus species in (A) the Bahamas (Grand Bahama and Andros Island) and (B) Hispaniola, Mona Island, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.