Hyidae Chamberlin, 1930

Harvey, Mark S., Burger, Mieke A. A., Abrams, Kym M., Finston, Terrie L., Huey, Joel A. & Perina, Giulia, 2023, The systematics of the pseudoscorpion genus Indohya (Pseudoscorpiones: Hyidae) in Australia, Zootaxa 5342 (1), pp. 1-119 : 19-21

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5342.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A6D20DA1-1C12-454E-B422-D8457CF132FE
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/010B87B4-FFE8-0B3C-AFB0-FF56FEA5F4F5
treatment provided by	Plazi (2023-09-07 06:51:12, last updated by Admin 2023-11-26 03:28:12)
scientific name	Hyidae Chamberlin, 1930
status

Treatment

Family Hyidae Chamberlin, 1930 View in CoL View at ENA

Diagnosis. The family Hyidae currently includes those pseudoscorpions in which the femora of legs I and II have a basi-dorsal mound surmounted by a small seta and slit sensilla, the setae of the female anterior genital operculum are extremely small, and the pedipalpal femur has 2–3 stout setae on the retrolateral-basal margin ( Harvey 1992, 1993; Harvey & Volschenk 2007).

Genus Indohya Beier, 1974

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:41313090-4004-46AE-92DF-994574CC67AC

Indohya Beier 1974: 1003 View in CoL

Hyella Harvey 1993: 27–28 View in CoL (synonymised by Harvey and Volschenk 2007: 386). urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE45A219-6717-4E3C-8E6E-FE65773E0B72

Type species. Indohya View in CoL : Indohya besucheti Beier, 1974 View in CoL , by original designation.

Hyella View in CoL : Hyella humphreysi Harvey, 1993 , by original designation.

Diagnosis. Species of Indohya differ from the only other genus of the family, Hya , by the absence of venom glands in the fixed chelal finger (e.g. Figs. 8C View FIGURE 8 , 40C View FIGURE 40 ) and the juxtadentate teeth of the chelal fingers (e.g. Figs. 8C View FIGURE 8 , 40C View FIGURE 40 ).

Remarks. The genus Indohya has a remarkable disjunct distribution in the southern hemisphere with species known from southern India, Madagascar and north-western Australia ( Harvey & Volschenk 2007). This is highly suggestive of an ancient Gondwanan origin for the genus. The presence of an extensive fauna in the Pilbara—comprising epigean and troglobitic species—extends the distribution of the family into a new Australian bioregion.

The ratio sb -st / b -sb has been recently introduced in pseudoscorpion taxonomy to denote the relative position of trichobothrium sb on the movable chelal finger ( Zaragoza 2017). This value was calculated for all of the new species described in this paper. Its utility, however, was found to be less useful than for chthoniid pseudoscorpions, with considerable intraspecific variation found in some species. For example, males of I. boltoni vary from 1.26 to 2.26 and females vary from 2.00 to 2.45, and males of I. lynbeazleyae vary from 1.49 to 1.89, and females vary from 0.41 to 1.87. The discrepancies within I. lynbeazleyae were evident in individuals, with significant bilateral variation. The adult specimens possess ratios as follows: male holotype (WAM T91735) with 1.49 on the left chela (with the right chela missing); male paratype (WAM T91742) with 1.71 (left) and 1.89 (right); female paratype (WAM T138709) with 0.41 (left) and 1.23 (right); female paratype (WAM T138707) with 1.10 (left) and 1.55 (right); and female paratype (WAM T138728) with 1.87 (left), but the right chela is missing from the specimen.

Key to adults of species of Indohya View in CoL

1. Carapace with 18 setae arranged 4: 2: 4: 4: 4, with 4 setae in posterior row........... Indohya haroldi Harvey & Volschenk View in CoL Carapace with 12–16 setae arranged 4: 2: 4: 4: 2 or 4: 2: 4: 2: 2 or 4: 0: 4: 4: 2 or 4: 0: 4: 2: 2, with 2 setae in posterior row.. ................................................................................................... 2

2. Carapace with 16 setae arranged 4: 2: 4: 4: 2 ( Fig. 55A View FIGURE 55 ), with 4 setae in intermediate row............................ 3 Carapace with 12–14 setae arranged 4: 2: 4: 2: 2 (e.g. Figs. 10A View FIGURE 10 , 23A View FIGURE 23 , 26A View FIGURE 26 , 47A View FIGURE 47 ) or 4: 0: 4: 2: 2 (e.g. Figs. 8A View FIGURE 8 , 12A View FIGURE 12 , 16A View FIGURE 16 , 20A View FIGURE 20 , 30A View FIGURE 30 , 32A View FIGURE 32 , 34A View FIGURE 34 ), with 2 setae in intermediate row........................................................... 12

3. Carapace with 14 setae arranged 4: 0: 4: 4: 2, with 4 setae in intermediate row..................................... 4 Carapace with 12 setae arranged 4: 0: 4: 2: 2, with 2 setae in intermediate row (e.g. Figs. 8A View FIGURE 8 , 16A View FIGURE 16 ).................... 5

4. Cheliceral hand with 5 setae; fixed chelal finger with 20–21 very flat teeth...................... Indohya besucheti Beier Cheliceral View in CoL hand with 6 setae; fixed chelal finger with 29 moderately flat teeth.................... Indohya caecata Beier View in CoL

5. Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.90–2.01 (Ô), 1.84–1.855 (♀) mm long................................... 6 Smaller species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) less than 1.0 mm long................................................ 7

6. Prolateral margin of chelal hand smooth; chelal hand (without pedicel) 1.79–1.96 (Ô), 1.84 (♀) × longer than broad; setae on pedipalpal femur of moderate length, not as long as width of femur; cheliceral hand with 6 setae............................................................................................. Indohya gollum Harvey & Volschenk Prolateral View in CoL margin of chelal hand finely granulate; chelal hand (without pedicel) 1.71 (♀) × longer than broad; most setae on pedipalpal femur long, about as long as width of femur; cheliceral hand with 7 setae.................................................................................................... Indohya napierensis Harvey & Volschenk View in CoL

7. Eyes present......................................................................................... 8 Eyes absent (e.g. Fig. 55A View FIGURE 55 )............................................................................ 11

8. With two pairs of eyes................................................................................. 9 With one pair of eyes................................................................................. 10

9. Pedipalpal femur 0.41–0.425 mm in length; pedipalpal femur with granulations on basal half....... Indohya panops Harvey Pedipalpal View in CoL femur 0.32–0.33 mm in length; pedipalpal femur smooth........................... Indohya pusilla Harvey View in CoL

10. Pedipalpal femur 0.365 (♀) mm in length; carapace with lateral setae of ocular row located on same level as median ocular setae, and median setae of intermediate row located slightly anterior to lateral setae of intermediate row................................................................................................... Indohya beieri Harvey Pedipalpal View in CoL femur 0.402 (Ô), 0.467 (♀) mm in length; carapace with lateral setae of ocular row located anterior to median ocular setae, and median setae of intermediate row located anterior to lateral setae of intermediate row........................................................................................... Indohya jacquelinae Harvey & Volschenk View in CoL

11. Chela (with pedicel) 3.21 (♀) × longer than broad; fixed chelal finger with 41 teeth (♀).......... Indohya typhlops Harvey Chela View in CoL (with pedicel) 3.98 (♀) × longer than broad; fixed chelal finger with 46 teeth (♀) ( Fig. 55C View FIGURE 55 )......................................................................................... Indohya currani Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

12. Carapace with 14 setae arranged 4: 2: 4: 2: 2, with 2 setae in ocular row (e.g. Figs. 10A View FIGURE 10 , 23A View FIGURE 23 , 26A View FIGURE 26 , 47A View FIGURE 47 , 59A View FIGURE 59 , 62A View FIGURE 62 )...... 13 Carapace with 12–14 setae arranged 4: 0: 4: 2: 2 or 4: 0: 4: 4: 2 (e.g. Figs. 8A View FIGURE 8 , 16A View FIGURE 16 ), without setae in ocular row........ 18

13. Eyes present (e.g. Figs. 23A View FIGURE 23 , 26B View FIGURE 26 , 59A View FIGURE 59 ).................................................................. 14 Eyes absent (e.g. Figs. 10A View FIGURE 10 , 47A View FIGURE 47 , 62A View FIGURE 62 )................................................................... 16

14. Basal teeth of fixed chelal finger prominent and reclined ( Fig. 26F View FIGURE 26 )............... Indohya cardo Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Basal teeth of fixed chelal finger small and upright ( Figs. 23C View FIGURE 23 , 59D View FIGURE 59 )............................................ 15

15. Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) greater than 1.0 mm.................... Indohya boltoni Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Smaller species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) less than 0.8 mm .................. Indohya julianneae Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

16. Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) greater than 1.5 mm ................... Indohya adlardi Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Smaller species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) less than 1.3 mm ................................................... 17

17. Trichobothrial ratio sb–st / sb–b = 2.47 (♀) ( Fig. 62C View FIGURE 62 ); larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.22–1.27 (♀) mm............................................................................. Indohya sachsei Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Trichobothrial ratio sb–st / sb–b = 1.81 (Ô) ( Fig. 47C View FIGURE 47 ); larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.055 (Ô) mm.................................................................................... Indohya rixi Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

18. Eyes present ( Fig. 60A View FIGURE 60 )................................................ Indohya karenae Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Eyes absent (e.g. Figs. 8A View FIGURE 8 , 20A View FIGURE 20 , 30A View FIGURE 30 , 57A View FIGURE 57 )............................................................... 19

19. Tergite I with 2 setae................................................................................. 20 Tergite I with 4 (or rarely 3) setae....................................................................... 22

20. Smaller species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.12 mm (Ô) in length................. Indohya aquila Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.52–1.65 mm (Ô), 2.09–2.18 mm (♀) in length............................ 21

21. Trichobothrium isb midway between esb and ist ...................................... Indohya humphreysi (Harvey) Trichobothrium View in CoL isb closer to esb than to ist ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 )...................... Indohya anastomosa Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

22. Distal teeth of the fixed chelal finger rounded.............................................................. 23 At least 2 distal teeth of the fixed chelal finger pointed....................................................... 24

23. All teeth of the fixed chelal finger rounded ( Fig. 20E View FIGURE 20 )................... Indohya arnoldstrongi Harvey & Burger , n. sp. At least some teeth of the fixed chelal finger pointed ( Fig. 57E View FIGURE 57 )................. Indohya finitima Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

24. Teeth of the fixed chelal finger rounded except for 5–7 distal teeth and occasionally the basal-most tooth ( Fig. 30E View FIGURE 30 ).......................................................................... Indohya cockingi Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Teeth of the fixed chelal finger including many pointed teeth (e.g. Fig. 12D View FIGURE 12 , 34F View FIGURE 34 )................................. 25

25. Smaller species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) less than 1.20 mm; fixed chelal finger with 46–49 teeth ( Figs. 12C View FIGURE 12 , 34D View FIGURE 34 )....... 26 Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) at least 1.39 mm; fixed chelal finger with 69–85 teeth (e.g. Figs. 32C View FIGURE 32 , 42D View FIGURE 42 , 49C View FIGURE 49 ). 27

26. Chelal hand slightly narrowed distally ( Fig. 12B View FIGURE 12 ).......................... Indohya alexanderi Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Chelal hand rounded ( Fig. 34C View FIGURE 34 )......................................... Indohya draconis Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

27. Pedipalpal femur and patella mostly granulate ( Figs. 32B View FIGURE 32 , 42C View FIGURE 42 )................................................ 28 Pedipalpal femur and patella smooth or only partially granulate ( Figs. 40B View FIGURE 40 , 49B View FIGURE 49 , 51B View FIGURE 51 )............................. 29

28. Carapaceal setae of the median row slightly recurved ( Fig. 42A View FIGURE 42 )............ Indohya lynbeazleyae Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Carapaceal setae of the median row strongly recurved ( Fig. 32A View FIGURE 32 )................ Indohya cribbi Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

29. Pedipalpal segments narrow, e.g. chela (with pedicel) at least 5.0 × longer than broad; femur at least 6.5 × longer than broad ( Fig. 49B View FIGURE 49 ).......................................................................................... 30 Pedipalpal segments less narrow, e.g. chela (with pedicel) less than 4.5 × longer than broad; femur less than 6.0 × longer than broad ( Figs. 40B View FIGURE 40 , 51B View FIGURE 51 )................................................................................ 31

30. Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 2.22–2.32 (Ô), 2.22–2.55 (♀) mm......... Indohya damocles Harvey & Volschenk Smaller View in CoL species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.50–1.66 (Ô) mm.................. Indohya sagmata Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

31. Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.81 (♀) mm......................... Indohya jessicae Harvey & Burger , n. sp. Smaller species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) 1.395 (Ô), 1.505 (♀)................ Indohya scanloni Harvey & Burger , n. sp.

Cape Range fauna

References

Beier, M. (1974) Pseudoscorpione aus S ¸ dindien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Genf. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 81, 999 - 1017. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 76057

Chamberlin, J. C. (1930) A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela-spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same. Part II. The Diplosphyronida (Arachnida-Chelonethida). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 5, 1 - 48 + 585 - 620. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933008673173

Harvey, M. S. (1992) The phylogeny and classification of the Pseudoscorpionida (Chelicerata: Arachnida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 6, 1373 - 1435. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9921373

Harvey, M. S. & Volschenk, E. S. (2007) The systematics of the Gondwanan pseudoscorpion family Hyidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea): new data and a revised phylogenetic hypothesis. Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 365 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 05030

Zaragoza, J. A. (2017) Revision of the Ephippiochthonius complex in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Macaronesia, with proposed changes to the status of the Chthonius subgenera (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa, 4246 (1), 1 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4246.1.1

Figures

FIGURE 8. Indohya anastomosa Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T141292): A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, teeth, left fixed finger. Scale lines = 1.0 mm (Fig. B), 0.5 mm (Figs. A, C), 0.1 mm (Fig. D).

FIGURE 10. Indohya adlardi Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T127062):A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.2 mm (Figs. A, C), 0.5 mm (Fig. B), 0.1 mm (Fig. D).

FIGURE 12. Indohya alexanderi Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T138460): A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left movable finger, teeth, retrolateral; E, left fixed finger, teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. B, C), 0.2 mm (Fig. A), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 16. Indohya aquila Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T130511): A, carapace, dorsal; B, left pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. A, C), 0.2 mm (Fig. A), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 20. Indohya arnoldstrongi Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T111408): A, carapace, dorsal; B, right chelicera, dorsal; C, right pedipalp, dorsal; D, left chela, retrolateral; E, fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, male genitalia, ventral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. C, D), 0.2 mm (Fig. A), 0.1 mm (Figs. B, E, F).

FIGURE 23. Indohya boltoni Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T112020): A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Fig. B), 0.2 mm (Figs. A, C), 0.1 mm (Fig. D).

FIGURE 26. Indohya cardo Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T113253): A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 (Figs. B, C), 0.25 mm (Fig. A), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 30. Indohya cockingi Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T111708), unless stated otherwise: A, carapace, dorsal; B, right chelicera, dorsal; C, right pedipalp, dorsal; D, right chela, retrolateral; E, right fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, left chelal fingers, retrolateral, tritonymph (WAM T111712). Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. C, D), 0.2 mm (Fig. A), 0.1 mm (Figs. B, E).

FIGURE 32. Indohya cribbi Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T138721), unless stated otherwise: A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, left chela, retrolateral, tritonymph (WAM T150970); F, left chela, retrolateral, protonymph (WAM T138974). Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. B, C), 0.25 mm (Figs. E, F), 0.2 mm (Fig. D), 0.1 mm (Fig. A).

FIGURE 34. Indohya draconis Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T129681), unless stated otherwise: A, carapace, dorsal; B, left chelicera, dorsal; C, right pedipalp, dorsal; D, left chela, retrolateral; E, left movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; G, left chela, retrolateral, protonymph (WAM T140482). Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. C, D), 0.2 mm (Figs. A, B, G), 0.1 mm (Figs. E, F).

FIGURE 40. Indohya jessicae Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T133678), unless stated otherwise:A, carapace, dorsal; B, left pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, right movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, right fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, right chela, retrolateral, tritonymph (WAM T133676); G, left chela, retrolateral, deutonymph (WAM T133677); H, left chela, retrolateral, protonymph (WAM T139291). Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. A–C, F–H), 0.2 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 42. Indohya lynbeazleyae Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T91735): A, carapace, dorsal; B, right chelicera, dorsal; C, right pedipalp, dorsal; D, left chela, retrolateral; E, movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. C, D), 0.2 mm (Figs. A, B), 0.1 mm (Figs. E, F).

FIGURE 47. Indohya rixi Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T144193): A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, left movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. B, C), 0.2 mm (Fig. A), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 49. Indohya sagmata Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T138967), unless stated otherwise: A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, right chela, retrolateral; D, right fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, right movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, left chela, retrolateral, tritonymph (WAM T111712). Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. B, C, F), 0.2 mm (Fig. A). 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 51. Indohya scanloni Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T140479):A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; B, left chela, retrolateral; C, fixed chelal finger teeth, retrolateral; D, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. B, C), 0.2 mm (Figs. A, D).

FIGURE 55. Indohya currani Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T134915):A, carapace; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, right chela, retrolateral; D, right fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, right movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.2 mm (Figs. A–C), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 57. Indohya finitima Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype adult (WAM T120197):A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Figs. A–C), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 59. Indohya julianneae Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T127193), unless stated otherwise: A, carapace, dorsal, paratype male (WAM T142931); B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, right chela, retrolateral, paratype tritonymph (WAM T152602). Scale lines = 0.2 mm (Figs. A–C, E), 0.1 mm (Fig. D).

FIGURE 60. Indohya karenae Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T126382), unless stated otherwise:A, carapace, dorsal (distorted); B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left movable finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; F, right chela, retrolateral, paratype tritonymph (WAM T82510); G, left chela, retrolateral, paratype protonymph (WAM T153117). Scale lines = 0.2 mm (Figs. A–C, F, G), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).

FIGURE 62. Indohya sachsei Harvey & Burger, n. sp., holotype female (WAM T152600), unless stated otherwise:A, carapace, dorsal; B, right pedipalp, dorsal; C, left chela, retrolateral; D, left fixed finger, chelal teeth, retrolateral; E, left chela, retrolateral, protonymph (WAM T152601). Scale lines = 0.5 mm (Fig. B, C), 0.2 mm (Fig. A), 0.1 mm (Figs. D, E).