Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878a: 387

Johnson, Andrew J., Hulcr, Jiri, Knížek, Miloš, Atkinson, Thomas H., Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I., Park, Sangwook, Li, You & Jordal, Bjarte H., 2020, Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 1, pp. 1-81 : 27-29

Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878a: 387 ( Figs. 14–15 )

Synonymy

= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878b: 495 .

= Erioschidias Schedl, 1938b: 42 (unavailable name).

= Cosmoderus Chamberlin, 1939: 274 (unavailable name). = Allernoporus Kurentsov, 1941: 159 syn. nov.

= Vitideres Beeson, 1941: 391 (unavailable name).

= Erischidias Schedl, 1942d: 9 (unavailable name).

= Dendriops Schedl, 1953a: 125 .

= Erioschidias Wood, 1960: 21 .

= Vitideres Beeson, 1961: 301 (unavailable name). = Pseudocosmoderes Nobuchi, 1981: 16 .

= Vitaderes Wood and Bright, 1992: 901 (unavailable name).

Type of genus

Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878a .

Diagnosis

Body shape elongated, antennae with short funicle, antennal club large and without sutures, marginal asperities present, mesocoxae contiguous, anterior plate of proventriculus short.

Female

Overall shape elongate, more than 2.5 times as long as wide. Eye emarginated. Antennae with two or three funicular segments, and antennal club large, flattened, with no indication of sutures or a septum. Anterior margin of pronotum with 2–12 marginal asperities. Pronotum surface texture typically rugose. Lateral margins of pronotum rounded or with a carina on posteriolateral margin. Metatibiae with socketed denticles on the lateral edge distributed over at least apical third. Mesocoxae contiguous. The third tarsal segment cylindrical. Elytra with slightly flattened interstrial bristles. Ground vestiture sparse or absent, and hair-like if present. Proventriculus elongate, apical plate short, sometimes with a patch of teeth or granules near the median suture.

Male

Externally identical to females in most species, identified only through dissection of genitalia. In one undescribed species from Vietnam, sexual dimorphism is expressed in the male which has small tubercles on the frons and enlarged setae on the antennae (Johnson, unpublished). Penis apodemes of similar length to penis body, not fused at apex. Tegmen open dorsally. Tegmen with a median ventral apodeme. Spiculum gastrale without fork, of similar thickness to penis apodemes. Basal sclerites poorly developed.

Distribution

Africa, Asia, New Guinea, Australia, Oceania.

Remarks

Fifteen species known. The genus Allernoporus was found to be synonymous with this genus. Allernoporus euonymi is different from the generic type of Cosmoderes only by having two marginal asperities, bifurcating setae on the hypomeron, and ground vestiture on the elytra. These character states are found in other Cosmoderes species, and are typically variable in other Trypophloeini genera.

Specimens labeled as undetermined Cosmoderes spp. have been included in several phylogenetic studies ( Jordal and Cognato 2012, Gohli et al. 2017, Pistone et al. 2018). These specimens were re-evaluated here and are in fact species of Eidophelus , indicated by the entire eye.

The biology of Cosmoderes is poorly known. Most specimens collected by the authors were from nonwoody material, especially vines. Cosmoderes monilicollis were observed to be monogamous with eggs laid in a cluster (Johnson, unpublished).

Type material examined

Holotype of Cosmoderes consobrinus Blandford, 1894 ( BMNH); holotype of Erioschidias cylindricus Schedl, 1962 ( NHMW); holotype of Cosmoderes elegans Schedl, 1975 ( NHMW); paralectotypes (2) of Allernoporus euonymi Kurentsov, 1941 ( ZIN); paratype of Erioschidias frontalis Wood, 1960 ( USNM); lectotype of Dendriops granulicollis Schedl, 1953 ( NHMW); holotype of Cosmoderes papuanus Schedl, 1975 ( NHMW); holotype of Erioschidias ruandae Schedl, 1962 ( NHMW).

Included species

Cosmoderes anticus ( Schedl, 1975a: 343) (Erioschidias) . Cosmoderes attenuatus ( Nobuchi, 1981: 17) (Pseudocosmoderes) .

Cosmoderes consobrinus Blandford, 1894b: 86 . Cosmoderes corpulentus ( Schedl, 1971d: 151) (Erioschidias) . Cosmoderes cylindricus ( Schedl, 1962f: 103) (Erioschidias) . Cosmoderes elegans Schedl, 1975a: 342 . Cosmoderes elongatus ( Eggers, 1939a: 4) (Erioschidias) . Cosmoderes euonymi ( Kurentsov, 1941: 159) (Allernoporus) comb. nov. [ Allernoporus ]. Cosmoderes frontalis ( Wood, 1960: 21) (Erioschidias) . Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878a: 387 .

= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878b: 496 (syn: Alonso- Zarazaga and Lyal, 2009).

= Dendriops granulicollis Schedl, 1953a: 125 (syn: Schedl, 1963c).

= Erioschidias coriaceus Schedl, 1959a: 474 (syn: Schedl, 1963c). Cosmoderes papuanus Schedl, 1975a: 341 . Cosmoderes queenslandi ( Schedl, 1938b: 43) (Erioschidias) . Cosmoderes ruandae ( Schedl, 1962f: 104) (Erioschidias) . Cosmoderes setistriatus ( Lea, 1910: 141) (Cryphalus) . Cosmoderes solitarius ( Schedl, 1957b: 46) (Erioschidias) .

Figures

Figure 14. Images of Cosmoderes spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) C. attenuatus, B) C. consobrinus, C) C. elegans, D) C. euonymi. Eye and antennae of E) C. elegans, F) C. euonymi.

Figure 15. Images of Cosmoderes spp.: Aedeagus of A) C. consobrinus and B) C. elegans. Proventricuus of C) C. attenuatus, and D) C. elegans.