Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key Author González-Obando, Ranulfo Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100 - 00, Código postal 760032, Author Carrejo-Gironza, Nancy Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100 - 00, Código postal 760032, Author Mendivil-Nieto, Julián Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100 - 00, Código postal 760032, Author Aldrete, Alfonso Neri García Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. postal 70 - 153, CdMx, Mexico; text Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 2021 2021-03-10 61 1 83 98 http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2021.005 journal article 10.37520/aemnp.2021.005 1804-6487 5037524 6701C5F3-F4BF-481E-A98C-9FAF2C4FCCE8 Key to males of Neurostigma Modified from Mൾඇൽංඏංඅ-Nංൾඍඈ et al. (2020). Neurostigma chaetocephalum , N. furcivenula and N. roesleri are not included because their male genitalia are unknown. 1 Forewing with areola postica fused with M; pterostigma with seven or more crossveins ( Figs 31, 32 ). Distal process of the aedeagal arch very wide, trapezoidal ( Fig. 38 ). .......................................................................... 2 – Forewing with areola postica free, not fused with M; pterostigma with 2–7 crossveins ( Figs 1 , 7 , 13 ). Distal process of the aedeagal arch variable ( Figs 6 , 12 , 18 , 24 , 30 ). ............................................................................ 3 Table 1. Species of Neurostigma and their known distribution.

Species	Distribution	Reference
N. chaetocephalum Enderlein, 1900	Peru	Eඇൽൾඋඅൾංඇ (1900)
N. dispositum Roesler, 1940	Brazil, Mexico, Peru	Rඈൾඌඅൾඋ (1940), GൺඋർංൺAඅൽඋൾඍൾ (1988), Nൾඐ (1972, 1973), Nൾඐ & TΗඈඋඇඍඈඇ (1988)
N. enderleini New, 1980	Brazil	New (1980)
N. furcivenula Badonnel, 1986	Colombia	Bൺൽඈඇඇൾඅ (1986)
N. garcialdretei Mendivil, González & Carrejo, 2020	Colombia	Mൾඇൽංඏංඅ et al. (2020)
N. paucivenosum New, 1980	Brazil	Nൾඐ (1980)
N. lienhardi sp. nov.	Colombia	this paper
N. mockfordi sp. nov.	Colombia	this paper
N. newi sp. nov.	Colombia	this paper
N. radiatum Mockford, 1991	Brazil	Mඈർĸൿඈඋൽ (1991)
N. roesleri New, 1980	Brazil	Nൾඐ (1980)
N. thorntoni sp. nov.	Colombia	this paper
N. valderramae sp. nov.	Colombia	this paper
N. xanthopterum New, 1980	Brazil, Colombia	Nൾඐ (1980), Mൾඇൽංඏංඅ et al. (2020)

Figs 31–38. Forewings and phallosomes of Neurostigma spp. 31, 38 – N. xanthopterum New, 1980 ; 32 – N. enderleini New, 1980 ; 33, 37 – N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (redrawn from Nൾඐ 1980: figs 52, 53); 34, 36 – N. garcialdretei Mendivil et al., 2020 ; 35 – N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (redrawn from Mඈർĸൿඈඋൽ 1991: fig. 134). Fig. 39. Neurostigma chaetocephalum Enderlein, 1900 , male (redrawn from Eඇൽൾඋඅൾංඇ 1900: fig. 24). Figs 40–50. Structural characters of Cladiopsocus (taken with permission from Gඈඇඓගඅൾඓ Oൻൺඇൽඈ et al. 2016: figs 15, 18, 19, 21), Neurostigma (taken with permission from Mൾඇൽංඏංඅ-Nංൾඍඈ et al. 2020: figs 7–9) and Ptiloneura (taken with permission from Gൺඋർංൺ Aඅൽඋൾඍൾ et al. 2020: figs 2, 6). 40 – Neurostigma mockfordi sp. nov. , vertex; 41 – N. xanthopterum New, 1980 , vertex; 42, 44 – Ptiloneura columnaris García Aldrete et al., 2020 , fore- and hindwing; 43 – Cladiopsocus eertmoedi González Obando et al., 2016 , forewing; 45 – N. mockfordi , areola postica, type 2; 46 – N. valderramae sp. nov. , areola postica, type 3; 47 – P. columnaris , phallosome; 48–50 – C. eertmoedi , phallosome, epiproct and paraproct, respectively. 2 Radular sclerites with small denticles, more pronounced in midline ( Fig. 38 ). Vertex narrow, raised and distinctly emarginate in the middle. Proximal half of forewing yellowish to brown, with large dark brown spots and hyaline basal area, basal crossveins of pterostigma pigmented at the wing margin ( Fig. 31 ). ...... ......................................... N. xanthopterum New, 1980 – Radular sclerites weakly developed. Vertex not as above. Proximal half of forewing dark brown; basal crossveins of pterostigma not pigmented at the wing margin ( Fig. 32 ). ................... N. enderleini New, 1980 3 Forewing vein R 2+3 strongly sinuous, more than four times the length of Rs section distal to transverse vein r–m ( Figs 7 , 25 ). ............................................................ 4 – Forewing vein R 2+3 weakly or strongly sinuous, but less than four times the length of Rs section distal to r–m ( Figs 1 , 13 , 19 ). ............................................................... 5 4 Posterior process of aedeagus moderately broad, apex rounded ( Fig. 12 ). Pterostigma with five crossveins; apex of areola postica rounded ( Fig. 7 ). ........................ ...................................................... N. mockfordi sp. nov. – Posterior process of aedeagus elongate, narrow, distally truncate ( Fig. 30 ). Pterostigma with seven crossveins; areola postica slanted posteriorly, apex acute ( Fig. 25 ). ................................................ N. valderramae sp. nov. 5 Distal process of the aedeagal arch wide, short, broadly rounded apically. Radular sclerites well developed. .... ........................................... N. dispositum Roesler, 1940 – Distal process of the aedeagal arch different. Radular sclerites with spicules or spines. .................................. 6 6 Pterostigma with 2–3 crossveins ( Fig. 33 ). Vertex almost at the same level as the upper border of compound eyes. Aedeagus with elongate, slender, distally rounded posterior process; radula with rows of sclerotized denticles ( Fig. 37 ). ................................................... .......................................... N. paucivenosum New, 1980 – Pterostigma with 4–7 crossveins ( Figs 1 , 19 ). Vertex above the upper border of compound eyes ( Figs 3 , 15 , 21 ). Posterior process of the aedeagus variable, short or long, slender or stout, distally round, truncate or acuminate; radula with or without spicules or large spines ( Figs 6 , 18 , 24 ). ................................................... 7