A revision of the cis-andean species of the genus Brycon Müller & Troschel (Characiformes: Characidae)
Author
Lima, Flávio C. T.
text
Zootaxa
2017
4222
1
1
189
journal article
37268
10.5281/zenodo.257769
9ea59a17-588e-4af1-8c0d-ebcd50ad0395
1175-5326
257769
F0EC0A87-B1EE-4B5C-8F53-77A7EEA75F3A
Brycon orthotaenia
Günther, 1864
(
Figs. 49–51
)
Chalceus carpophagus
(not Valenciennes):
Castelnau, 1855
: 68
, pl. 34, fig. 3 (description; “
Rio
de Sabara de la province de Minas Geraës”).
Brycon orthotaenia
Günther, 1864
: 335
(type locality: “River Cipo”);
Howes, 1982
: 38
–41 (redescription of holotype; literature compilation);
Géry & Mahnert, 1992
: 817
(possible synonym between
B. orthotaenia
and
B. lundii
);
Rizzo & Godinho, 2003
: 119
, 122 (egg surface structure);
Pompeu & Godinho, 2003a
: 170
, 171 (occurrence, lagoons at middle rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais);
Pompeu & Godinho 2003b
: 185
, 187–188 (diet, lagoons at middle rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais); Sato
et al.
, 2003: 231, 237, 240, 242–246, 248–252 (fecundity, egg and larvae characteristics; rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais); Sato, Fenerich-Verani &
Godinho, 2003
: 277
–278, 284–287 (reproduction in captivity);
Bazzoli, 2003
: 292
, 300 (reproduction; rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais);
Godinho
et al.
, 2003
: 352
–353, 355 (fisheries; rio São Francisco, Pirapora, Minas Gerais);
Godinho & Pompeu, 2003
: 366
–367 (occurrence in small tributaries, rio Paracatu basin, Minas Gerais); Alves & Pompeu, 2003: 183 (Rio das Velhas basin, Minas Gerais);
Alves & Pompeu, 2005
: 593
–594 (idem);
Pompeu & Godinho, 2006
: 430
(lagoons at middle rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais);
Gonçalves
et al.
, 2006
: 513
–522 (reproduction, gametogenesis; Rio São Francisco, Pirapora);
Silva
et al.
, 2006
: 835
, 837, 838 (Juramento reservoir, rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais); Sanches
et al.
, 2012: 177–185 (Rio São Francisco, Três Marias, Minas Gerais: population structure analysed through microsatellite loci) [not
Günther, 1880
: 13
].
Brycon lundii
Lütken
(ex Reinhardt) 1874: 135–136 (Type locality: “flumine Rio d. Velhas”). Lütken, 1875: 223–226, fig. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas; redescription);
Steindachner, 1917
: 38
–40 (Barra, rio São Francisco, Bahia);
Amaral Campos, 1950
: 141
(rio São Francisco);
Howes, 1982
: 33
(literature compilation; discussion);
Britski
et al.
, 1988
: 49
, 98, fig. 43 (common name, short description; Três Marias reservoir, Minas Gerais);
Menin & Minura, 1993
: 340
, 344, 349, 351, 354, 357, 360–361, figs. 5, 10, 12, 20–21 (Três Marias reservoir; digestive tract anatomy);
Sato & Godinho, 1999
: 410
(Rio São Francisco basin);
Margarido & Galetti Jr., 1999
: 357
–358 (caryotype); Sato &
Godinho, 2003
: 205
, 208, 210, 216, 222, 224, 225 (Rio São Francisco basin; biology, importance to fisheries). [not
Magalhães, 1931
: 160
–162, fig. 86;
Schubart, 1943
: 111
; 1962: 27;
Godoy, 1975
: 288
–307, figs. 45–50].
Brycon hilarii
(not Valenciennes): Braga, 1982: 175–180 (common name; Cabrobó and Jatinã, rio São Francisco, Pernambuco).
Brycon carpophagus
(not Valenciennes):
Howes, 1982
: 17
(Castelnau’s specimen; as a possible specimen of
B. orthotaenia
);
Géry & Mahnert, 1992
: 816
–817 (idem).
Diagnosis.
Brycon orthotaenia
can be distinguished from all remaining cis-andean
Brycon
species, except for
B. orbignyanus
,
B. hilarii
,
B. whitei
, and
B. polylepis
, by possessing a caudal peduncle blotch extending as a stripe to the distal portion of caudal-fin rays (caudal peduncle blotch, when present, limited to the caudal peducle or extending only into centralmost caudal-fin rays;
Fig. 5
). It can be distinguished from
Brycon hilarii
and
B. whitei
primarily by possessing lower scale counts (49–58, modally 52 lateral line scales, vs. 67–82, modally
74 in
B. hilarii
and 66–76, modally
70 in
B. whitei
; 9–12, modally 10 scales between lateral line and dorsal-fin basis, vs. 12–17, modally
15 in
B. hilarii
and 12–13, modally 13, in
B. whitei
; 18–21, modally 19 circumpeduncular scales, vs. 20–28, modally 26, in
B. hilarii
, and 19–24, modally 21, in
B. whitei
).
Brycon orthotaenia
can be further distinguished from
B. whitei
by lacking a midlateral dark stripe (vs. midlateral dark stripe present).
Brycon orthotaenia
can be distinguished from
B. orbignyanus
by possessing a aproximately rounded, obtuse head profile (versus pointed in the latter species; compare
Fig. 6
F and H), by possessing a relatively broad and short dentigerous premaxilary surface (vs. a narrow and elongated dentigerous surface of the premaxillary), by possessing a lower number of teeth in the second, inner premaxilary row (not counting the teeth of the second row situated between the first and third rows) (3–5, modally 5, versus 5–9, modally 6, in
B. orbignyanus
), and by possessing the anteriormost four dentary teeth considerably larger than the remaining teeth (vs. dentary teeth decreasing gradualy in size in
B. orbignyanus
).
Description.
Morphometric data are presented in
Table 14
. Middle-sized species, largest examined specimen
392.8 mm
SL. Body moderately slender to moderately high. Largest body height slightly ahead of dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal body profile slightly convex from upper lip margin to vertical through anterior naris, slightly concave from latter point to basis of supraoccipital process, moderately to pronoucedly convex from latter point to dorsal-fin origin, straight along dorsal-fin basis, and straight to slightly convex from dorsal-fin basis to adipose-fin origin. Dorsal profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave. Ventral profile slightly to moderately convex from lower lip to pelvic-fin insertion, straight to slightly convex from this point to anal-fin origin and approximately straight along anal-fin base. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave.
Head profile obtuse, mouth terminal. Jaws isognathous to slightly anisognathous, premaxillary projecting slightly relative to dentary, leaving outer row of premaxillary teeth and in some specimens a portion of second series exposed when mouth is closed. Maxillary moderately long, extending posteriorly to anterior margin to anterior third of pupil. Adipose eyelid well developed. Premaxillary teeth in three rows; teeth of third row largest. Eight (6), 9 (23), 10 (15), 11 (11), 12 (5), or 13 (1) tricuspidate, relatively small teeth in outer series. Three (2), 4 (26), 5 (31), or 6(1) tri- to pentacuspidate teeth in second, inner premaxillary row, plus 2 (20), 3 (49), or 4 (5) tricuspidate teeth between the first and third rows. Two teeth in third premaxillary row, medial teeth largest, symphyseal teeth smaller, slightly tilted towards each other, penta- to hexacuspidate. Maxillary margins approximately parallel, straight in profile. Ten to 22 maxillary teeth, slightly smaller than teeth of first premaxillary row, anterior teeth tricuspidate, posterior teeth unicuspidate. Dentary with 6 (2), 7 (4), 8 (21), 9 (19), 10 (6), 11 (3), or 12 (1) teeth in main series. Anterior four dentary teeth assymetrical, considerably larger and bulkier than remaining teeth, penta- to hexacuspidate, each with central cusp distinctly larger than remaining cusps. Remaining dentary teeth progressivelly smaller, penta- to unicuspidate. Inner (lingual) series consisting of a small, single unicuspid symphyseal tooth, situated immediately posterior to symphyseal dentary teeth of main series, plus row of 10–17 small, unicuspidate teeth, originating on lingual crest of dentary replacement trench at the level of sixth to seventh main series dentary teeth.
TABLE 14.
Morphometric data of
Brycon orthotaenia
(A: paralectotype of
Chalceus carpophagus
, MNHN A.8615). Mean and range does not include paralectotype of
Chalceus carpophagus
(which is a stuffed specimen).
A |
n |
Range |
Mean |
Standard length (SL) |
314.1 |
66 |
83.5–324.8 |
- |
Percentages of standard length |
Depth at dorsal-fin origin |
30.2 |
57 |
29.9–37.2 |
33.3 |
Snout to dorsal-fin origin |
49.1 |
66 |
43.3–53.9 |
49.9 |
Dorsal-fin base length |
11.0 |
66 |
9.3–12.6 |
11.3 |
Posterior terminus of dorsal fin to adipose fin |
26.6 |
66 |
22.5–29.7 |
26.0 |
Posterior terminus of dorsal fin to hypural joint |
41.6 |
66 |
35.5–43.9 |
39.0 |
Snout to pelvic-fin insertion |
46.0 |
58 |
42.3–48.5 |
45.4 |
Snout to anal-fin origin |
67.7 |
66 |
61.3–70.2 |
65.9 |
Anal-fin base length |
25.1 |
66 |
23.0–28.4 |
25.5 |
Caudal peduncle length |
15.0 |
66 |
11.9–17.8 |
15.7 |
Dorsal-fin height |
- |
64 |
12.5–22.9 |
19.9 |
Pectoral-fin length |
- |
65 |
14.5–21.7 |
18.9 |
Pelvic-fin length |
14.3 |
62 |
15.3–21.7 |
16.9 |
Caudal peduncle depth |
10.3 |
66 |
9.0–15.3 |
10.7 |
Head length |
21.8 |
66 |
20.3–28.6 |
23.4 |
Percentages of head length |
Head height |
1.03 |
66 |
82.2–97.6 |
88.5 |
Snout length |
31.6 |
66 |
26.4–34.1 |
30.2 |
Upper jaw length |
45.8 |
66 |
40.4–52.2 |
46.1 |
Horizontal eye diameter |
23.1 |
66 |
22.2–37.4 |
27.5 |
Post-orbital length |
49.6 |
66 |
41.4–50.3 |
46.4 |
Least interorbital width |
46.1 |
66 |
35.4–46.3 |
41.7 |
Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete, from supracleithrum to caudal-fin base. Forty-nine (3), 50 (2), 51 (7), 52 (11), 53 (13), 54 (8), 55 (8), 56 (9), 57 (5), or 58 (1) scales in lateral line series. Laterosensory tube simple in specimens smaller than
100 mm
SL, ramified in specimens larger than
100 mm
SL. Tubules ramification increasing in complexity along ontogeny, specimens between
100–150 mm
SL with tubules with two or three branches, four to seven branches in specimens between
150–250 mm
SL, and with more than 10 branches and developing a dendritic pattern of ramification, with tubules overlapping each other in larger (>
300 mm
SL) specimens. Horizontal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 9 (1), 10 (33), 11 (30), or 12 (2). Horizontal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin 5 (28), 6 (37), or 7 (1). Circumpeduncular scales 18 (10), 19 (44), 20 (9), or 21 (1).
Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9. Dorsal fin origin slightly ahead middle of SL. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 13th (1), 14 th (1), or 15th (1) vertebra. Anal-fin rays iii (not including first, small unbranched ray only visible in the cs specimen), 22 (1), 23 (1), 24 (8), 25 (16), 26 (21), 27 (16), 28 (4), or 29 (1). First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind haemal spine of 25th (1) or 26th (1) vertebra. Anal-fin rays decreasing only slightly in size towards anal-fin end. Anal fin displaying several (c. 8–15 per fin-ray main branch) small hooks on last unbranched and posterior main branch of branched rays 1–12, associated with dense, gelatinous tissue in
8 specimens
(MZUSP 39278, 6, 220.2–
247.7 mm
SL; MZUSP 17018,
1, 206.8 mm
SL; MZUSP 2007,
1, 193.1 mm
SL).
A
single hook per ray segment. Sheath of scales covering basis of anal-fin rays composed of four scale rows, lower scale row formed by 25–28 rectangular scales. Pectoral-fin rays i, 11 (2), 12 (25), 13 (40), or 14 (2). Pelvicfin rays i, 7. Main caudal-fin rays 10/9. Caudal fin slightly forked, distal margin slightly concave.
Central
caudalfin rays with a small, pointed middle projection extending beyond primary margin of fin. Laterosensory tube extending over interradial membrane between upper and lower caudal-fin lobes to the distal portion of fin at the middle caudal-fin projection. Laterosensory tube on caudal fin with dorsally and ventrally oriented side branches across its length.
Four branchiostegal rays, three on anterior ceratohyal and one on posterior ceratohyal. First branchial arch with 14 (2), 15 (1), 16 (12), 17 (14), 18 (6), or 19 (1) lower, 1 at angle, and 15 (1), 16 (6), 17 (14), 18 (12), or 19 (4) upper gill rakers. Vertebrae 46 (4). Supraneurals 10 (4).
FIGURE 49.
Brycon orthotaenia
, BMNH 1861.6.16, 71, 330 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, “River Cipo”. © The Natural History Museum, London
FIGURE 50.
Brycon orthotaenia
, MZUSP 39728, 319.3 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco.
Coloration in alcohol.
Top of head, snout, supraorbital, and sixth infraorbital gray to light-brown. Dorsal portion of body light-brown to dark-brown, with silvery hue in specimens retaining guanine. Second, third, fourth, and fifth infraorbitals, and opercle silvery. Dentary, maxillary, gular area and lower portion of body clear in relatively recently collected specimens, light brown in specimens stored for some years in alcohol. Lateral portion of body silvery in relatively recently collected specimens, light brown, with a silvery hue, in specimens that were stored for a long period in formalin/alcohol. Humeral blotch present, conspicuous, approximately rounded in shape, situated immediately above lateral line, its anterior margin at level of second, extending longitudinally to posterior margin of fourth to fifth, lateral line scales, and vertically one and half scales high. Dark, wavy longitudinal stripes formed by dark pigment concentrated on upper and lower scale margins extending along trunk. Stripes more discernible dorsally. Caudal peduncle with broad median stripe, originating 4–6 scales from hypural joint and continuing posteriorly over 4 central principal caudal-fin rays to caudal-fin distal margin. Remaining caudal-fin rays, and remaining fins, clear.
FIGURE 51.
Brycon orthotaenia
, MNRJ 15856, 138.5 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco.
Color in life.
Description based on the examination of several living specimens collected at the middle rio São Francisco at São Romão, one of which preserved (MZUSP 94993), and on a picture of one unpreserved specimen, fished at the Três Marias dam. Lateral body surfaces, infraorbital and opercular bones silvery. Dorsum and adiposefin light grey, with a greenish tinge. Anal, pelvic, and pectoral-fins pinkish. Caudal fin pinkish to deep red, basis of caudal fin yellowish.
Sexual dimorphism.
Eight examined specimens (MZUSP 39278, 6, 220.2–
247.7 mm
SL; MZUSP 17018,
1, 206.8 mm
SL; MZUSP 2007,
1, 193.1 mm
SL) presenting numerous small hooks present on first unbranched and posterior branch of branched anal-fin rays. Two of these specimens were dissected and proved to be males. Female specimens identified through dissection or through presence of ripe eggs at the urogenital opening (MZUSP 39728, 2, 190.3–
245.8 mm
SL) lack fin hooks.
Common names.
“Matrinchã” (
Günther, 1864
: 335, como “matrinxim”; Lütken, 1875: 223; 2001: 138); “
piabanha
” (
Castelnau, 1855: 68, as “piabana”
). Quoting Reinhardt, in
Lütken, 2001
: 138, footnote 1, “this species is incorrectly called “
Piabanha
”, a name which actually belongs to another fish species that does not occur at the
Rio
das Velhas” (our translation). Although “
piabanha
” is a common name widely employed for several
Brycon
species, the common name currently in use by fishermen for
B. orthotaenia
in the rio São Francisco basin is generally “matrinchã”.
Distribution.
Endemic from the rio São Francisco basin, eastern
Brazil
(
Fig. 52
). There is a purported record for the species from the rio Poti, a tributary of the rio Paranaíba basin in northeastern
Brazil
(MCZ 21268). These two specimens were collected by Orestes St. John, a member of the Thayer Expedition, in
December 1865
. There are no other records for the species for the rio Parnaíba and in fact, so far no
Brycon
species has been reported from this river basin (see the item Biogeography, below). Since Orestes St. John also collected at the rio São Francisco basin (
Higuchi, 1996
), we consider that this specimens were probably mislabelled and that they were actually collected at the rio São Francisco basin.
Remarks.
Günther (1864: 335)
described
Brycon orthotaenia
based on a single specimen, collected at the “River Cipo” in Brazil. The description is quite short, with no figures appended. Lütken (1874: 135–136) described
Brycon lundii
from the rio das Velhas. In this description (attributed to Reinhardt), he notices that
B. lundii
might be actually a synonym of
B. orthotaenia
, both nominal species differing only in lateral-line scale counts (slightly higher in
B. lundii
) and in the absence of the inner dentary pair of symphyseal teeth in the holotype of
B. orthotaenia
. A little later, Lütken (1875: 225; 2001: 114) discussed in more detail the possible synonym between both nominal species, noticing that the distinct scale counts were probably a result of different count methods employed by him and Günther, and that the inner dentary teeth might have been simply lost in the holotype of
Brycon orthotaenia
. However, these remarks were overlooked by subsequent authors working with specimens from the rio São Francisco basin, which generally prefered to use Lütken’s name (
Steindachner, 1917
;
Amaral Campos, 1950
; Britski
et al.
, 1984).
Brycon orthotaenia
was relegated as a synonym of
B. orbignyanus
by
Berg (1895: 124)
, based on the erroneous assumption that the type locality of
B. orthotaenia
was at the La Plata basin. This synonym was reproduced in latter compilations on the genus (e.g.,
Fowler, 1950
).
Howes (1982: 33, 38–40)
reexamined the holotype of
Brycon orthotaenia
, plus additional material of both
B. orthotaenia
and
B. orbignyanus
, and argued that
B. orthotaenia
was not a synonym of
B. orbignyanus
, but instead a valid species and very probably a senior synonym of
B. lundii
, a point of view also supported by
Géry & Mahnert (1992: 817)
.
Howes (1982: 39)
incorrectly remarked that the “River Cipo” is a tributary of the rio Itapicurú (an independent coastal river system in northern Bahia state, northeastern Brazil). However, the rio Cipó is actually a well-known tributary of the rio das Velhas (a tributary of the rio São Francisco) at Minas Gerais state, a region in fact visited by the collector of the holotype of
Brycon orthotaenia
, Cumberland
(Lütken, 1875: 134, 225; 2001: 29, 114), and, oddly, the very same river basin from where the type-material of
B. lundii
was collected.
FIGURE 52.
Map of eastern Brazil, showing known localities of
Brycon orthotaenia
(red dots).
Although neither the
holotype
of
Brycon orthotaenia
(BMNH 1861.5.16.71) nor the
syntypes
of
Brycon lundii
(ZMUC 227, ZMUC 228-229, ZMUC 232; though Lütken, 1875: 225; 2001: 112, mentioned that he had a single specimen of this species) were directly examined in the present study, there is no doubt that, as earlier advanced by
Lima
(2003: 177–178)
that both nominal species are synonymous. The examination of a photograph of the
holotype
of
Brycon orthotaenia
, the good description of
B. lundii
provided by Lütken (1875, 2001), and a wealthy of specimens from the entire rio São Francisco examined in the present study allow us to conclude that the differences between Günther’s and Lütken’s description are in fact ascribable to different lateral-line scale count methods and loss of the inner symphyseal dentary teeth in the
holotype
of
B. orthotaenia
.
Valenciennes (1850: 252–253)
described
Chalceus carpophaga
based on three syntypes, one of which said to be collected at “l’Amazone” by
Castelnau. Castelnau (1855
: 68), when referring to this specimen, mentioned that it was actually collected at the “rio de Sabara de la province de Minas Geraës”. The “rio de Sabara” is the rio das Velhas, thus this specimen was actually collected at the same river basin where the type specimens of
Brycon orthotaenia
and
B. lundii
were collected. Lütken (1875: 225–226; 2001: 114–115) considered Castelnau’s (1855)
Chalceus carpophagus
as probably distinct from
Brycon orthotaenia
and
B. lundii
.
Howes (1982: 17)
considered that Castelnau’s syntype of
Chalceus carpophagus
was not conspecific with the remaining two syntypes but instead was probably a specimen of
B. orthotaenia
.
Géry & Mahnert (1992: 816)
selected as lectotype of
Chalceus carpophagus
the syntype from the Essequibo River, and consequently the syntype collected by Castelnau at the rio das Velhas (MNHN A.8615) became a paralectotype.
Géry & Mahnert (1992: 816–817)
compared the data of this specimen with the data of the type material of both
Brycon orthotaenia
and
B. lundii
and agreed with
Howes (1982)
in considering it as probably a specimen of
B. orthotaenia
. The examination of this paralectotype allowed us to confirm that it is in fact a specimen of
Brycon orthotaenia
.
Ecological notes.
At the rio São Francisco basin,
Brycon orthotaenia
is sometimes found syntopically with the its congener
B. nattereri
, but contrary to this species it favors larger, low-gradient rivers. It is also commonly found in floodplain lakes (
Pompeu & Godinho, 2003a
;
Pompeu & Godinho, 2006
). As other
Brycon
species,
B. orthotaenia
is recorded to be an omnivore, with a tendency towards herbivory. Lütken (1875: 224; 2001: 114) reported that Reinhardt found vegetal matter and seeds in two stomach contents.
Pompeu & Godinho (2003b)
examined 30 stomachs of
Brycon orthotaenia
specimens collected in marginal lagoons of the rio São Francisco and found it to be composed mainly of macrophytes and filamentous algae, with smaller amounts of aquatic insects, seeds and fruits. As most of its congeners,
Brycon orthotaenia
is a highly-fecund, total-spawner migratory fish (Sato
et al.
, 2003), with a mean total fecundity of 400.000 eggs (Sato, Fenerich-Verani &
Godinho, 2003
). The breeding season is recorded in the rio São Francisco at Pirapora to be between October and January, with smallest recorded sizes of first maturity reported as being 32.0 cm TL for males and
40.5 cm
TL for females (Gonçalves
et al.
, 2003). Females are reported to grow larger than males and a maximum weigth of
7 kg
is recorded for the species (Sato &
Godinho, 2003
). An analysis of microsatellites loci in populations of
B. orthotaenia
from below Três Marias dam by Sanches
et al.
(2012) indicated the presence of two distinct populations, which might indicate distinct sites of communal reproduction (“piracema”) for migratory schools of each population within a relatively small stretch of the rio São Francisco basin.
Conservation.
Brycon orthotaenia
is an important target of subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries in the rio São Francisco basin (Sato &
Godinho, 2003
). It was the third more captured species, and the fifth most important fish species in biomass in the fisheries of the rapids of Pirapora during 1999 (
Godinho
et al.
, 2003
). Though reported to be declining in the last decades (e.g., Sato &
Godinho, 2003
), it is still a common and widespread species in the undammed portion of the rio São Francisco river, i.e., between the Três Marias and Sobradinho reservoirs.
Material
examined.
Type
material.
BMNH
1861.6
.16.71,
330 mm
SL: “
River Cipo
” [=
Rio Cipó
, trib.
Rio das Velhas
,
Minas Gerais
,
Brazil
, c.
18°41’S
,
43°59’W
]
;
Cumberland
, no date (photographs only).
Holotype
of
Brycon orthotaenia
Günther.
MNHN
A.8615 (
1, 314.1 mm
SL): "
Rio de Sabara
de la province
de Minas Geraës
" (=
Brazil
,
Minas Gerais
, rio
das Velhas
at
Sabará
,
19°53'S
,
43°48'W
)
; F. Castelnau. Paralectotype of
Chalceus carpophagus
Valenciennes
(designated by
Géry & Mahnert, 1992
: 816).
Non
types
.
Brazil
,
rio São Francisco
basin.
Minas Gerais
:
MZUSP
18950
(5, 173.8–248.0 mm SL):
Três Marias
reservoir,
rio São Francisco
, c.
18°22’S
,
45°17’W
; CODEVASF, 1978
. MZUSP 95402 (35, 3 sc,
90.5–230.8 mm
SL): Três Marias, CODEVASF fish hatchery; O.T. Oyakawa
et al.
,
4 Oct 2007
.
MZUSP
95166
(2, 153.0–
153.8 mm
SL):
Três Marias
,
rio São Francisco
, immediately downstream
Três Marias
reservoir, c.
18°10’S
,
45°14’W
;
Y. Sato
,
23 March 2007
.
MCP
14119 (5, 175.8–
219.4 mm
SL):
Três Marias
,
rio São Francisco
,
between Três Marias and Pirapora
;
Y. Sato
,
Nov 1987
.
MZUSP
1619
(
1, 102.2 mm
CP):
Pirapora
,
rio São Francisco
,
17°21’S
,
44°57’W
;
E. Garbe
, 1903
.
MNRJ
47676
(
1, 392.8 mm
SL):
Pirapora
,
rio São Francisco
,
17°21’S
,
44°57’W
;
G.S. Myers
,
P. Miranda-Ribeiro
&
A
.L. Carvalho,
Oct 1942
.
MZUSP
73836
(1, 275.0 mm SL):
Lassance
, rio
das Velhas
at the ferry,
17°54’45’’S
,
44°34’20’’W
;
C.B.M. Alves
&
P.S. Pompeu
,
17 Jun 1999
.
MCZ
21268 (
1, 167.2 mm
SL):
Rio
das Velhas (precise locality unknown);
O.
St. John
, 1865
.
MZUSP
89514
(1 skel.,
181.6 mm
SL):
Pirapora
,
rio São Francisco
,
between Buritizeiro and Pirapora
;
A
. Akama
et al.
,
28 Aug 2004
.
MZUSP
39728
(19, 181.2–
319.3 mm
SL):
rio São Francisco
and tributaries, immediately below
Pirapora
, c.
17°4’S
,
44°57’W
;
Y. Sato
et al.
,
Nov 1987
–
Aug 1988
.
MZUSP
39693
(
1, 230.7 mm
SL),
rio São Francisco
,
Pontal do Abaeté
, c.
17°4’S
,
44°57’W
;
Y. Sato
et al.
,
22 Jul 1988
.
MZUSP
94993
(
1, 141.2 mm
SL):
São Romão
,
rio São Francisco
, near
Ribanceira village
,
16°28’26’’S
,
45°6’16’’W
;
F.C.
T
.
Lima
&
M. Ribeiro
,
23–25 Jun 2007
.
MNRJ
18130
(1, 323.0 mm SL):
Palmital
,
rio Preto
, trib.
rio Paracatu
, below
Cachoeira de Queimados
,
Fazenda Mata
,
16°12’35’’S
,
47°13’54’’W
; C
.
A
. Figueiredo &
D.F. Moraes Jr.
,
8 Jan 1998
.
MZUSP
17018
(
1, 206.8 mm
SL):
Buritis
, ribeirão
Confins
(trib.
rio Urucuia
),
15°38’S
,
46°22’W
;
P.E. Vanzolini
,
Oct 1964
.
ANSP
171719
(
1, 162.9 mm
SL):
Rio
Empoeirado (lagoon) on road bewtween
Pedra de Maria
and Januária,
15°33’56’’S
,
44°24’6’’W
; S
.
A
. Schaefer
et al.
,
13 Jul 1993
.
MNRJ
15834
(2, 188.2–
189.7 mm
SL):
Itacarambi
,
rio São Francisco
, c.
15°6’S
,
44°5’W
;
D.F. Moraes Jr.
&
J.C. Oliveira
,
17 Aug 1990
. MZUSP 42074 (
1, 120.7 mm
SL);
MNRJ
15866
(
1, 122.2 mm
SL):
Manga
, lagoon at
Mocambinho
,
rio São Francisco
, c.
15°4’S
,
44°1’W
;
J.C. Oliveira
&
O.T. Oyakawa
,
17–22 Jul 1990
.
MNRJ
16065
(
1, 139.9 mm
SL):
Manga
, lagoa do
Sossego
,
Mocambinho
, c.
15°4’S
,
44°1’W
;
D.F. Moraes Jr.
&
J.C. Oliveira
,
23 Aug 1990
.
MNRJ
14226
(4, 104.0–
116.6 mm
SL):
Manga
,
rio Mocambinho
, at mouth at the
rio São Francisco
, c.
15°4’S
,
44°1’W
;
D.F. Moraes Jr.
&
J.C. Oliveira
,
17 Aug 1990
.
MNRJ
16345
(2, 100.6–
105.1 mm
SL):
Manga
, riacho
Mocambinho
, trib.
rio São Francisco
,
Mocambinho
, c.
15°4’S
,
44°1’W
;
J.C. Oliveira
et al.
,
6 Apr 1990
.
MNRJ
16352
(
1, 111.7 mm
SL):
Manga
, lagoa
de Mocambinho
,
rio São Francisco
right margin, c.
15°4’S
,
44°1’W
;
J.C. Oliveira
,
6 March 1990
.
MNRJ
15856
(
1, 138.5 mm
SL),
Manga
,
rio São Francisco
at
ilha do Caju
, below
Mocambinho
, c.
15°2’S
,
44°0’W
;
D.F. Moraes Jr.
&
J.C. Oliveira
,
21 Aug 1990
.
MNRJ
15870
(
1, 156.1 mm
SL):
Manga
, lagoa do
Cajueiro
(
rio São Francisco
, right margin), below
Mocambinho
, c.
15°2’S
,
44°0’W
;
D.F. Moraes Jr.
&
L.C. Alvarenga
,
Sept 1990
.
MNRJ
16191
(
1, 160.6 mm
SL):
Manga
, lagoa do
Caju
,
rio São Francisco
right margin,
4 km
below
Mocambinho
, c.
15°2’S
,
44°0’W
;
D.F. Moraes
&
J.C. Oliveira
,
23 Aug 1990
.
LISDEBE uncat. (1, 210.0 mm SL):
Manga
,
rio Verde
, trib.
rio São Francisco
,
5 km
from
Gado Bravo
, c.
14°44’S
,
43°49’W
;
G.B. Santos
,
7 April 1986
.
MNRJ
16193
(2, 127.7–
134.1 mm
SL):
rio Verde Grande
,
5 km
from its mouth at the
rio São Francisco
,
Minas Gerais
/
Bahia
border, c.
14°36’S
,
43°52’W
;
D.F. Moraes
&
J.C. Oliveira
,
23 Aug 1990
.
Bahia
:
ZUEC
9189
(1, 168.0 mm SL):
Carinhanha
,
rio Carinhanha
(marginal lagoon),
14° 20’46’’S
,
43°47’26’’W
; G.N.
Salvador
&
E. Estevam
,
6 Oct 2014
.
MCP
16676 (
1, 157.1 mm
SL):
Bom Jesus da Lapa
, riacho
Santana
,
31 km
S from
Bom Jesus da Lapa
, road to
Malhada
,
13°31’13’’S
,
43°21’28’’W
;
R.E. Reis
et al.
,
18 Jul 1993
.
UFPB
2956
(3 of 8, 1 cs, 89.0–
108.4 mm
SL): riacho
Pedra Branca
, trib.
rio Corrente
,
31 km
E from
Santa Maria da Vitória
, c.
13°18’S
,
43°51’W
;
G. G. Filho
&
R.S. Rosa
,
6 April 1994
.
MZUSP
94656
(
1, 151.5 mm
SL):
Santa Maria da Vitória
,
rio Corrente
at
Santa Maria da Vitória
,
13°24’S
,
44°11’W
;
O.T. Oyakawa
et al.
,
6 May 2007
.
MZUSP
28796
(
1, 154.1 mm
SL): rio
das Fêmeas
, near
Barreiras
, c.
12°28’S
,
45°13’W
;
M.
A
. Cestarolli &
J. Camargo
,
2–6 May 1985
.
MZUSP
28771
(
1, 140.8 mm
SL):
rio Desidério
,
São Desidério
,
12°21’S
,
44°58’W
;
M.
A
. Cestarolli &
J. Camargo
,
2–6 May 1985
.
MZUSP
70220
(4, 1 skel., 252.8–320.0 mm SL):
Bahia
,
Barra
, fish market, c.
11°6' S
,
43°9’ W
;
O.T. Oyakawa
et al.
,
10 April 2001
.
MZUSP
98750
(1,
92.2 mm
SL):
Barra
,
rio Grande
, praia
Cabeça de Touro
,
11°6’8’’S
,
43°9’26’’W
;
O.T. Oyakawa
et al.
,
10 Apr 2001
.
NMW
62941 (2, 248.0– 249.0 mm SL):
rio São Francisco
,
Barra
,
11°5’S
,
43°8’W
;
F. Steindachner
et al.
(Austrian Expedition),
March 1903
.
UMMZ
216373
(
1, 106.7 mm
SL):
Barra
,
rio São Francisco
,
11°5’S
,
43°8’W
;
J.R. Bailey
,
8 Apr 1942
.
MZUSP
18558
(
1, 192.4 mm
SL):
Marcos
,
Remanso
,
Sobradinho
reservoir, c.
9°38’S
,
42°4’W
;
S. F. Santos
,
20 Jul 1975
.
MZUSP
18666
(2, 303.3–
324.8 mm
SL):
rio São Francisco
, downstream
Sobradinho
reservoir, c.
9°26’S
,
40°47’W
; J. Dias,
27 Sept 1976
. MZUSP 2007 (13, 1 cs, 132.3–225.0 mm SL);
CAS
11822 (1, 243.0 mm SL):
rio São Francisco
,
between Juazeiro and Barra
;
E. Garbe
, 1908
.
FMNH
56814
(2, 182.0–212.0 mm SL):
Juazeiro
,
rio São Francisco
,
9°24’S
,
40°30’W
;
J.D. Haseman
,
28 Nov 1907
.
UMMZ
216349
(1,
85.3 mm
SL):
Juazeiro
, small oxbow ponds on E (downstream edge of town), c.
9°24’S
,
40°30’W
;
J.R. Bailey
&
J.M. de Oliveira
,
18 Apr 1942
.
Pernambuco
:
UMMZ
147396
(2, 142.1–
148.7 mm
SL):
Santa Maria da Boa Vista
, “
Lake Aripos
”, c.
8°48’S
,
39°49’W
;
R.S. Menezes
, c. 1945.
MZUSP
3797
(3,
83.5–135.1 mm
SL):
rio São Francisco
(precise locality unknow);
A
. P. Marques, 1941.
Locality
uncertain (see
Distribution
):
Piauí
:
MCZ
21268 (2, 152.3–
167.2 mm
SL): “
rio Puty
,
Therezina
” (
rio Poti
, tributary of
rio Parnaíba
at
Teresina
,
5°5’S
,
42°49’W
);
O.
St. John
,
Dec 1865
.