The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys Author dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-4139 Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n. CEP 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil sergio.pisces@gmail.com Author de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n. CEP 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil text ZooKeys 2021 2021-08-03 1054 25 66 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554 1313-2970-1054-25 BAEC60898F874A56BAD08E2922E22F60 C0E2746E8DE65F77826FCC7FF2B54A4C Gymnotus carapo group Fig. 5A Distribution. Upper rio Parauna , rio Sao Francisco basin, and upper rio Santo Antonio , rio Doce basin. Diagnosis. Gymnotus carapo group is diagnosed by having the mouth upturned, pronate; rictus curved ventrally; eyes positioned below half of median line of the head; branchial opening throughout the posterior margin of opercle; oblique and conspicuous dark bands in the lateral of the body, from dorsal region to ventral surface of preanal; longitudinal band reaching the base of the anal fin. Remarks. Although G. carapo is widespread from Trinidad and Tobago to Argentina, in this study we refer the species as G. carapo group, since the taxonomic status of G. carapo is uncertain for the Southeastern and Southern Brazil and may represent more than one species. A taxonomic review of the G. carapo group in Central and South America is needed. Figure 5. Fish species from the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, Minas Gerais state, Brazil A Gymnotiformes ( Gymnotus carapo group, MNRJ 48407, 130.5 mm SL) B Synbranchiformes ( Synbranchus marmoratus group, MNRJ 48448, 116.8 mm SL) C Cyprinodontiformes ( Phalloceros uai , MNRJ 48408, 32.0 mm (female - above) and 16.3 mm (male - below) SL) D Cichliformes ( Australoheros mattosi , MNRJ 48454, 54.6 mm SL E Cichliformes ( Australoheros sp., MNRJ 46859, 39.3 mm SL).