Insects found in birds’ nests from the Neotropical Region (except Argentina) and immigrant species of Neotropical origin in the Nearctic Region 2187
Author
Iorio, Osvaldo Di
Author
Turienzo, Paola
text
Zootaxa
2009
2009-08-06
2187
1
1
144
https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2187.1.1
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.2187.1.1
11755334
5313667
BLATTARIA
Blaberidae
:
Zetoborinae
Schultesia nitor
Grandcolas, 1991
FRENCH GUIANA
: [locality not stated],
VII-1991
, larvae and adults in 2 of 4 examined nests,
IX-1991
, larvae and adults in 2 of 4 examined nests, both collections from the same abandoned colony at ten meters height on an isolated tree (
van Baaren et al. 2002b
, following
Grandcolas 1993
).
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
Emesa
sp.
[
BRAZIL
]: casual inquilines (
Sick 2001
).
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis pici
(
Macquart, 1854
)
=
Philornis
sp.
:
Couri 1983a
[included in
Philornis
spp
.]
BRAZIL
: [locality not stated],
154 larvae
in one nestling (
Lutz & Neiva 1912
); (Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Hicks 1959: 220
, 485, following
Lutz & Neiva 1912
;
Hicks 1959: 484
, following Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Guimarães
et al
. 1983
); (
Couri 1983a
, following
Lutz & Neiva 1912
); (
Teixeira 1999
); (
Sick 2001
).
Note: it is evident that Séguy (1946, 1950) takes all names given by
Lutz & Neiva (1912)
only by genus, repeating the same error (
Cassicus
by
Cacicus
).
Teixeira (1999)
gives both
Cacicus
sp.
and
Cacicus haemorrhous
.
HYMENOPTERA
:
Formicidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
= “formigas”:
Sick 1981
,
2001
.
[
BRAZIL
]: casual inquilines (
Sick 1981
,
2001
).
Cacicus melanicterus
(Bonaparte, 1825)
PSOCOPTERA
Archipsocidae
Archipsocus
sp.
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
2 females
in nest # 15,
29 larvae
,
4 females
,
3 males
in nest # 19 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
“
Epipsocetae
”
[
Undetermined sp.
]
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
2 females
in nest # 13,
1 larva
in nest # 14,
3 larvae
in nest # 17 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Ectopsocidae
Ectopsocus
sp. 1
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 larvae
in nest # 5,
1 larva
,
4 females
,
4 males
in nest # 11,
2 larvae
in nest # 12,
41 larvae
,
26 females
,
21 males
in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Ectopsocus
sp. 2
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 5,
1 male
in nest # 8,
1 female
in nest # 13,
4 females
in nest # 16,
2 females
in nest # 18,
4 larvae
,
12 females
,
2 males
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Ectopsocus
sp. 3
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 3,
1 female
,
1 male
in nest # 10,
1 larva
,
2 females
,
1 males
in nest # 18,
6 larvae
,
2 females
,
2 males
in nest # 19,
2 larvae
,
1 female
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesillidae
Lachesilla
F-6 (g. Forcepeta)
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
3 larvae
,
1 female
in nest # 8,
19 larvae
,
6 females
,
5 males
in nest # 11,
8 larvae
,
1 female
in nest # 15,
1 larva
in nest # 17,
17 larvae
,
2 females
,
2 males
in nest # 18,
6 larvae
,
3 females
,
2 males
in nest # 19 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla riegeli
Sommerman, 1946
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 male
in nest # 4,
1 female
in nest # 8,
2 females
,
2 males
in nest # 11 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla
sp.
(g. Forcepeta)
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 larvae
,
2 females
in nest # 10,
1 larva
,
12 females
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla
sp.
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 larva
in nest # 5 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lepidopsocidae
Echmepteryx alpha
García Aldrete, 1984
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
20 larvae
,
3 females
in nest # 13,
32 larvae
in nest # 14,
7 larvae
,
1 female
in nest # 16,
62 larvae
,
10 females
in nest # 17,
41 larvae
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Echmepteryx intermedia
Mockford, 1974
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
3 larvae
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Thylacella cubana
(Banks, 1941)
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
2 females
in nest # 13,
1 female
in nest # 14,
1 female
in nest # 19 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Liposcelididae
Belaphotroctes ghesquierei
Badonnel, 1949
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 larva
,
1 female
in nest # 13,
2 females
in nest # 17 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Liposcelis
sp. 1
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 9 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Liposcelis bostrichophilus
Badonnel, 1931
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
4 larvae
,
6 females
in nest # 9,
14 larve
,
3 females
in nest # 12,
6 larvae
,
19 females
in nest # 13,
1 larva
,
2 females
in nest # 14,
6 larvae
,
11 females
in nest # 15,
2 larvae
,
10 females
in nest # 16,
11 larvae
,
27 females
,
1 male
in nest # 17,
2 females
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Liposcelis deltachi
Sommerman, 1957
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Pachytroctidae
Tapinella
sp. 1
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 4,
1 female
in nest # 6,
8 larvae
,
2 females
in nest # 9,
1 female
in nest # 10,
1 male
in nest # 11,
3 larvae
,
3 females
,
3 males
in nest # 12,
1 females
in nest # 13,
82 larvae
,
26 females
,
14 males
in nest # 15,
1 larvae
,
2 females
in nest # 16,
1 female
in nest # 17,
7 larvae
,
14 females
,
4 males
in nest # 18,
53 larvae
,
12 females
,
3 males
in nest # 19,
2 females
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Tapinella
sp. 2
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 4,
1 female
in nest # 10,
2 males
in nest # 12,
1 female
in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Philotarsidae
Aaroniella
sp.
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 larva
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Psoquillidae
Rhyopsocus pescadori
García Aldrete, 1984
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 larva
,
4 females
,
3 males
in nest # 1,
17 females
,
12 males
in nest # 2,
4 larvae
,
14 females
,
4 males
in nest # 3,
41 females
,
19 males
in nest # 4,
2 larvae
,
15 females
,
14 males
in nest # 5,
4 larvae
,
18 females
,
14 males
in nest # 6,
3 females
,
2 males
in nest # 7,
83 larvae
,
41 females
,
4 males
in nest # 9,
5 larvae
,
10 females
,
12 males
in nest # 10,
1 male
in nest # 11,
95 larve
,
23 females
,
38 males
in nest # 12,
34 larvae
,
42 females
,
22 males
in nest # 13,
130 larvae
,
66 females
,
38 males
in nest # 14,
86 larvae
,
32 females
,
18 males
in nest # 15,
3 larvae
,
10 females
,
2 males
in nest # 16,
55 larvae
,
21 females
,
51 males
in nest # 17,
21 larvae
,
55 females
,
71 males
in nest # 18,
143 larvae
,
33 females
,
46 males
in nest # 19,
25 larvae
,
81 females
,
67 males
in nest # 20 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Psocidae
[
Undetermined sp.
]
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 larva
in nest # 14,
6 larvae
in nest # 17 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Psyllipsocidae
Psyllipsocus oculatus
Gurney, 1943
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 male
in nest # 14 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Psocathropos microps
(Enderlein, 1903)
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 17,
1 male
in nest # 18 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Trogiidae
Cerobasis treptica
Thornton & Woo, 1973
MEXICO
:
Jalisco
: Chamela, VI
/
VII1980
, VI/
VII-1981
,
3 larvae
,
3 females
,
9 males
in nest # 7 of 20 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Cacicus
sp.
[prob.
C. melanicterus
(Bonaparte, 1825)
]
PSOCOPTERA
Ectopsocidae
Ectopsocus
sp. 3
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
6 larvae
,
3 females
,
1 male
in nest # 4,
9 larvae
,
3 females
,
4 males
in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Ectopsocus
sp. 4
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 female
,
1 male
in nest # 6 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesillidae
Lachesilla cintalapa
García Aldrete, 1983
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
6 larvae
,
12 females
,
14 males
in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla
sp.
(g. Corona)
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 male
in nest # 4 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
).
Lachesilla
sp.
(g. Forcepata)
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
).
Lachesilla riegeli
Sommerman, 1946
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
192 larvae
,
10 females
,
7 males
in nest # 3
,
1 male
in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
).
Lachesilla
sp.
g. Forcepeta
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 2,
3 larvae
,
1 female
in nest # 3,
18 larvae
,
3 females
,
1 male
in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lepidopsocidae
[
Undetermined sp.
]
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
6 larvae
in nest # 3,
5 larvae
in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Liposcelididae
Liposcelis
sp. 2
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 larva
,
1 female
in nest # 5,
1 female
in nest # 6 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Liposcelis
sp. 3
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 female
in nest # 2 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
).
Pachytroctidae
Tapinella
sp. 1
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
2 females
,
1 male
in nest # 5,
1 female
in nest # 6,
2 larvae
,
12 females
,
7 males
in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Psoquillidae
Rhyopsocus orthatus
Thornton & Woo, 1973
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 female
,
2 males
in nest # 3,
1 males
in nest # 5 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Rhyopsocus pescadori
García Aldrete, 1984
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
3 females
,
3 males
in nest # 1,
6 larvae
,
2 females
,
3 males
in nest # 2,
880 larvae
,
319 females
,
272 males
in nest # 3,
81 larvae
,
19 females
,
18 males
in nest # 5,
73 larvae
,
11 females
,
17 males
in nest # 6,
330 larvae
,
97 females
,
17 males
in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Trogiidae
[
Undetermined sp.
]
MEXICO
:
Itsmo de Tehuantepec
, VI
/
VII-1981
,
1 larva
in nest # 7 of 7 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Cacicus
sp.
= “
probably the oriole,
Cassicus persicus
(Linn.)
”:
Roth 1973: 1
.
BLATTARIA
Blaberidae
Epilamprinae
Alphelixia sicca
Walker, 1869
=
Alphelixia
:
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b: 248
, Table 1.
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
: Rio Negro, near Serra Tamendaui,
00º 27’ S
,
64º 45’ W
,
1 female
“
Allotype
” [
ANSP
], 18/
19-VII-1967
,
1 adult
male, 17 nymphs in nest # 1 [together with
Lophoblatta arlei
Albuquerque
and
Amazonina nidicteridicola
Roth, 1973
], 15 nymphs in nest # 2 [together with
Amazonina nidicteridicola
] (
Roth 1973
); Brazil (
Vidliča 1999
, following
Roth 1973
); (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
, following
Roth 1973
).
Zetoborinae
Schultesia lampyridiformis
Roth, 1973
=
Schultesia
:
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b: 248
, Table 1.
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
: Río Negro, Gavião,
01º 24’ S
,
61º 46’ W
,
20-VII-1967
, Roth leg., 29 nymphs,
4 males
,
2 females
in nest # 4 [together with 13 nymphs,
2 adults
of
Chorisoneura
sp. A
], 1 nymph in nest # 5 [together with 6 nymphs,
4 adults
of
Chorisoneura
sp. A
], 7 nymphs,
4 males
,
3 females
in nest # 6 [together with 7 nymphs,
12 adults
of
Chorisoneura
sp. A
], 6 nymphs in nest # 7 [together with 13 nymphs,
14 adults
of
Chorisoneura
sp. A
] from a total of 7 nests collected in one tree (
Roth 1973
,
Van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
); Río Negro, Moura,
21-VII- 1967
,
01º 28’ S
,
61º 38´W
, Roth leg., 19 nymphs,
5 males
,
2 females
from 8 collected nests (
Roth 1973
,
Van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
); Manaus, Adolpho Ducke Preserve,
1-VIII-1967
, 1 nymph,
2 males
,
3 females
[together with 2 oothecae and several first instars of
Chorisoneura
sp. B
, and 3 nymphs,
1 male
,
1 female
of
Dendroblatta cnephaia
Hebard
] from several collected nests (
Roth 1973
,
van Baaren et al. 2002b
); (
Grandcolas 1998
, following
Roth 1973
); Brazil (
Vidliča 1999
, following
Roth 1973
); tens of individuals (larvae and adults) in the same nest with remains of dead young birds, probably scavengers (
van Baaren & Deleporte 2001
, following
Roth 1973
), reared in laboratory colonies since it was captured and bred by
Roth 1973
(
van Baaren & Deleporte 2001
); found in groups of larvae and adults only in pendulous
Cacicus
birds nests (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002a
, following
Roth 1973
).
Blattellidae
Amazonina nidicteridicola
Roth, 1973
=
Amazonina
:
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b: 248
, Table 1.
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
: Rio Negro, near Serra Tamendaui,
0º 27’ S
,
64º 45’ W
, 18/
19-VII-1967
, Roth leg., 2 empty oothecae, 4 nymphs,
2 females
(one carrying ootheca) in nest # 1 [together with
one adult
female of
Lophoblatta arlei
Albuquerque
and
Alphelixia sicca
(Walker,1869)
], and 2 empty oothecae (one parasitized), 18 nymphs,
4 males
,
2 females
(one carrying ootheca) in nest # 2 [together with
Alphelixia sicca
] (
Roth 1973
);
Amazonas
: Río Negro, Gavião,
01º 24’ S
,
61º 46’ W
,
20-VII-1967
, Roth leg.,
one adult
(reared) from one of the 7 nests collected in one tree (
Roth 1973
); Brazil (
Vidliča 1999
, following
Roth 1973
); (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
, following
Roth 1973
).
Dendroblatta cnephaia
Hebard, 1926
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
: Manaus, Adolpho Ducke Preserve,
1-VIII-1967
, 3 nymphs,
1 male
,
1 female
[together with 2 oothecae and several first instars of
Chorisoneura
sp. B
, and 1 nymph,
2 males
,
3 females
of
S. lampyridiformis
] from several collected nests (
Roth 1973
); Brazil (
Vidliča 1999
, following
Roth 1973
).
Lophoblatta arlei
Rocha
e Silva Albuquerque, 1964
BRAZIL
Amazonas
: Rio Negro, near Serra Tamendaui,
0º 27’ S
,
64º 45’ W
, 18/
19-VII-1967
,
1 male
,
1 female
in nest # 1 [together with
Alphelixia sicca
Walker, 1869
and
Amazonina nidicteridicola
] (
Roth 1973
); Brazil (
Vidliča 1999
, following
Roth 1973
).
Pseudophyllodromiidae
Chorisoneura
sp. A
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
:
Río Negro
,
Gavião
,
01º 24’ S
,
61º 46’ W
,
20-VII-1967
,
Roth
leg., 2 nymphs in nest # 1, 27 nymphs,
4 adults
in nest # 2, 5 nymphs in nests # 3, 13 nymphs,
2 adults
in nest # 4 [together with 29 nymphs,
4 males
,
2 females
of
S. lampyridiformis
], 6 nymphs,
4 adults
in nest # 5 [together 1 nymph of
S. lampyridiformis
], 7 nymphs,
12 adults
in nest # 6 [together with 7 nymphs,
4 males
,
3 females
of
S. lampyridiformis
], 13 nymphs,
14 adults
in nest # 7 [together with 6 nymphs of
S. lampyridiformis
] from a total of 7 nests collected in one tree (
Roth 1973
)
.
Chorisoneura
sp. B
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
:
Manaus
,
Adolpho Ducke Preserve
,
1-VIII-1967
, 2 oöthecae and several first instars [together with 1 nymph,
2 males
,
3 females
of
S. lampyridiformis
, and 3 nymphs,
1 male
,
1 female
of
Dendroblatta cnephaia
Hebard
] from several collected nests (
Roth 1973
)
.
Chorisoneura inversa
Hebard, 1926
=
Chorisoneura
:
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b: 248
, Table 1.
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
: Río Negro, Moura,
21-VII-1967
,
01º 28’ S
,
61º 38´W
, Roth leg., 1 nymph reared from 3 collected nymphs [together with a total of 19 nymphs,
5 males
,
2 females
of
Schultesia lampyridiformis
] in 8 collected nests (
Roth 1973
,
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
); Brazil (
Vidliča 1999
, following
Roth 1973
).
Cacicus
sp.
COLEOPTERA
:
Dytiscidae
Hydrovatus caraibus
Sharp, 1882
PARAGUAY
:
Dpto.
San Pedro
:
Carumbé
, 2 exx. [
FIML
], apparently collected from a “cacique” nest
(
Icteridae
:
Cacicus
) (“nido de boyero”) (
Tremouilles
et al
. 2005
).
Note: Although both pinned specimens were labelled as provenient from a nest of “boyero”, they may be prey remains and not insects associated with a bird’s nest.
Gnorimopsar chopi
[
chopi
(Vieillot, 1819)
]
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Rhodnius neglectus
Lent, 1954
BRAZIL
:
Distrito Federal
: 2.00 ± 1.2 insects per palm of
Mauritia flexuosa
with nests of this species (Gurgel- Gonçalves
et al
. 2004); (
Ribeiro Júnior
et al
. 2006
, following Gurgel-Gonçalves
et al
. 2004).
Gymnomystax mexicanus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
=
Icteridae
,
sub
uncertain position (
Oriolus mexicanus
):
Hicks 1959: 485
[host; ref.]
=
Gymnomystax mexicanus
(L.):
Hicks 1959: 220
[ref.; host]
=
Oriolus mexicanus
:
Blanchard 1895
,
1896
;
Lutz & Neiva 1912: 131
[ref.; host];
Hicks 1959: 220
[ref.; host];
Couri 1983a
.
Oriolus
sp.
:
Hicks 1959: 220
[refs.; host]
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis pici
(
Macquart, 1854
)
=
Philornis
sp.
:
Couri 1983a
[included in
Philornis
spp
.]
GUAYANE (
Blanchard 1895
,
1896
); (
Lutz & Neiva 1912
, following
Blanchard 1896
); (Engl, 1920); (
Hicks 1959: 220
, 485, following
Lutz & Neiva 1912
,
Hicks 1959: 220
, following
Engel 1920
, Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Icterus cayanensis
(Linnaeus, 1766)
=
Oriolus cayanensis
:
Blanchard 1896
;
Lutz & Neiva 1912: 131
[ref.; host]
=
Oriolus
sp.
:
Hicks 1959: 220
[refs.; host]
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis pici
(
Macquart, 1854
)
=
Philornis
sp.
:
Couri 1983a
[included in
Philornis
spp
.]
GUAYANE (
Blanchard 1895
,
1896
); (
Lutz & Neiva 1912
, following
Blanchard 1896
); (
Engel 1920
); (
Hicks 1959: 220
, 485, following
Lutz & Neiva 1912
,
Engel 1920
;
Hicks 1959: 220
, following Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Note:
I. cayanensis
and
Gymnomystax mexicanus
were mentioned as
Oriolus cayanensis
and
Oriolus mexicanus
by
Lutz & Neiva (1912)
, based on
Blanchard (1896)
. All names given by
Lutz & Neiva (1912)
were mentioned only to genus by Séguy (1946, 1950). Thus the record of Séguy (1946, 1950) of
Oriolus
sp.
is given for both species, and catalogued by
Hicks (1959)
only in the first part of his catalogue.
Remarks:
Sick (1981
,
2001
) mentions that “encontramos tambén muitos bernes de passarinho [
Philornis
] em filhotes de xexéu” without any other detail.
Icterus dominicensis hypomelas
(Bonaparte, 1883)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
CUBA
(Loew 1861): “Ct. Mercedes, Matzs., Cuba,
VI-5-1954
, L.C. Scarramuzza, Atlantica Ent. no. 98, parasite of wild bird”,
1 male
topotype with puparium [
USNM
] +
3 males
,
12 female
,
1 larva
, same data as topotype, Scarramuzza +
2 females
, same data except host label (
Dodge & Aitken 1968
); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Icterus icterus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA
(
Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952
;
Schafer 1957
;
Couri 1983a
;
Hicks 1962
;
Teixeira 1999
):
Icterus nigrogularis
(Hahn, 1819)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis deceptivus
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD
: Manzanilla Road,
Sangre Grande
,
18-IX-1958
, Aitken & Downs leg.,
1 male
Paratypes
,
2 females
Paratypes
, ex
I. nigrogularis
(
Dodge & Aitken 1968
)
; (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Icterus
sp.
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
PARAGUAY
:
Dto. San Predro
:
San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú
,
27 larvae
in one nestling (
Mastropaolo 2007a
).
Molothrus bonariensis
(Gmelin, 1789)
=
Molothrus
sp.
: Séguy 1946, 1950;
Hicks 1959: 220
[refs.; host], 485 [host; refs.];
Teixeira 1999: 85
[host]
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA
(
Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952
;
Schafer 1957
;
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis downsi
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
[
TRINIDAD
]: locality and data not given (
Dodge & Aitken 1968
); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis masoni
Couri, 1986
URUGUAY
:
Colonia
(
Couri 1986
)
; (
Nihei & Bencke 2003
).
Philornis pici
(
Macquart, 1854
)
=
Philornis
sp.
:
Couri 1983a
[included in
Philornis
spp
.]
BRAZIL
: Brazil central [locality not stated] (
Neiva & Penna 1916
); Brazil (
Couri 1983a
, included in
Philornis
spp
.); (
Couri 1985
, liter.); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Note:
Neiva & Penna (1916)
is not cited by
Hicks (1959)
.
Teixeira (1999)
gives both
Molothrus
sp.
and
M. bonariensis
.
Philornis trinitensis
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD
: Vega de Oropouche,
19-IX-1956
, Downs leg.,
6 males
Paratypes
,
4 females
Paratypes
, subcutaneous larvae and
ex
nest
T. musculus
and
Molothrus bonariensis
(
Dodge & Aitken 1968
)
; (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Molothrus oryzivorus
(Gmelin, 1788)
=
Psomocolax oryzivorus
:
Dodge & Aitken 1968
;
Couri 1983a
.
=
Scaphidura orizivora
:
Teixeira 1999
.
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
TRINIDAD
: Fishing Pond,
19-II-1958
, Aitken & Downs leg.,
1 male
,
ex
P. oryzivorus
(
Dodge & Aitken 1968
)
; (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis deceptivus
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD
: Guaico,
26-III-1957
, Aitken & Downs leg.,
3 males
Paratypes
,
1 female
Paratype
,
ex.
P. oryzivorus
(
Dodge & Aitken 1968
)
; (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis
sp.
PANAMA
: Canal Zone, parasitism did cause some mortality (
Smith 1968
).
Molothrus rufoaxillaris
Cassin, 1866
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis gagnei
Couri, 1983
URUGUAY
: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of
Molothrus rufoaxillaris
inside a nest of
P. striaticollis
, P. Mason
leg. (
Couri 1986
)
Philornis glaucinis
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
URUGUAY
: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of
Molothrus rufoaxillaris
inside a nest of
P. striaticollis
, P. Mason
leg. (
Couri 1986
)
Psarocolius bifasciatus
(Spix, 1824)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
BRAZIL
:
Pará
: Santarem, Fazenda Taperinha (
Couri 1983a
: fig. 37); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Psarocolius decumanus
(Pallas, 1769)
BLATTARIA
Blaberidae
Blaberinae
Phoetalia pallida
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865
FRENCH GUIANA
: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek,
VII-1998
, 2 nymphs in one nest from 5 positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
).
Zetoborinae
Schultesia nitor
Grandcolas, 1991
FRENCH GUIANA
: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek,
VII-1998
,
2 males
in one nest from 2 positive of a total of 17 collected nests in a small colony; in five nests from five positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
).
Note: results of
S. nitor
were not discriminated by nests of
C. cela
and/or
Psarocolius decumanus
in the big colony: a total of
1 male
,
1 female
, and 35 nymphs were found, with a mean of 2.6 ± 0.3 individuals per nest (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
).
Blattidae
Pelmatosilpha guianae
Hebard, 1926
FRENCH GUIANA
: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek,
VII-1998
, 1 last instar nymph in one nest from 5 positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
).
Pseudophyllodromiidae
Chorisoneura
sp. n.
aff.
gatunae
Hebard, 1921
FRENCH GUIANA
: near the French Guiana coast, close to the Counamama creek,
VII-1998
, 6 exx. in one nest from 5 positive of 13 collected nests in a big colony (
van Baaren
et al
. 2002b
).
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA
(
Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952
;
Schafer 1957
;
Couri 1983a
); (
Hicks 1962
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis
sp.
PANAMA
(
Smith 1968
).
Psarocolius montezuma
(Lesson, 1830)
=
Gymnostinops montezumae
:
García Aldrete 1988
.
PSOCOPTERA
Archipsocidae
Archipsocus
sp.
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
1 female
in nest # 1 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Ectopsocidae
Ectopsocopsis cryptomeriae
(Enderlein, 1907)
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
1 larva
,
2 females
,
1 male
in nest # 2 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesillidae
Lachesilla aethiopica
(Enderlein, 1902)
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
1 female
in nest # 1 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla centralis
García Aldrete, 1983
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
1 male
in nest # 2 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla
F-6
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
1 female
in nest # 3 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla leonilae
García Aldrete, 1986
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
11 larvae
,
6 females
in nest # 1,
70 larvae
,
4 females
in nest # 2,
1 female
in nest # 3 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla
sp.
(g. Corona)
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
2 larvae
, 1 [normal] female, 1 brachypterous female in nest # 1, 1 [normal] female,
3 males
in nest # 2 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Liposcelididae
Belaphotroctes badonneli
Mockford, 1972
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
4 larvae
,
3 females
,
2 males
in nest # 3,
1 larva
,
1 male
in nest # 4 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Pachytroctidae
Tapinella olmeca
Mockford, 1975
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
1 female
in nest # 3,
2 females
,
1 male
in nest # 4 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Psoquillidae
Rhyopsocus bentonae
Sommerman, 1956
MEXICO
:
Puebla
:
Hueytamalco
, VII/
VIII-1983
,
120 larvae
,
13 females
,
18 males
in nest # 3,
22 larvae
,
9 females
,
5 males
in nest # 4 of 4 examined nests (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Psarocolius viridis
(Statius Muller, 1776)
=
Ostinops viridis
:
Barrera & Díaz-Ungría 1957: 180
.
=
Xanthomus viridis
:
Machado-Allison 1963
.
SIPHONAPTERA
:
Ceratophyllidae
Dasypsyllus gallinulae
(Dale, 1878)
VENEZUELA
: [locality not stated] (
Barrera & Díaz-Ungría 1957
);
Estado
Aragua
: Rancho Grande, on nest (
Machado-Allison 1963
, following
Johnson 1957
).
Psarocolius wagleri
(Gray, 1845)
=
Psarocolius
:
Merino 2002: 494
[host].
=
Zarhynchus wagleri
:
Smith 1968
[host]
=
Zarhynchus
:
Merino 2002: 494
[host]
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
PANAMA
: significant nestling mortality in colonies (
Smith 1968
;
Arendt 1985a
, following
Smith 1968
,
1980
); (
Smith 1983
, cited by
Werner 2004
); (
Smith 1991
); (
Merino 2002
, following
Smith 1968
).
Quiscalus lugubris
Swainson, 1838
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA
(
Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952
;
Schafer 1957
;
Couri 1983a
); (
Hicks 1962
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Unidentified sp.
PSOCOPTERA
Ectopsocidae
Ectopsocus
sp. 6
MEXICO
:
Quintana Roo
:
Chan Kan
Veracruz
,
V-1984
, 209 exx. in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
).
Ectopsocus
sp. 7
MEXICO
:
Quintana Roo
:
Chan Kan
Veracruz
,
V-1984
, 7 exx. in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Ectopsocus
sp. 8
MEXICO
:
Quintana Roo
:
Chan Kan
Veracruz
,
V-1984
,
1 ex.
in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesillidae
Lachesilla
sp.
(g. Forcepeta)
MEXICO
:
Quintana Roo
:
Chan Kan
Veracruz
,
V-1984
, 10 exx. in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
MIMIDAE
Margarops fuscatus
(Vieillot, 1808)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
=
P. angustifrons
:
Rivera
Irizarry 1990
.
=
P. deceptivus
:
Arendt 1985b
;
Couri 1985
;
Young 1993
;
Teixeira 1999
;
Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006
.
=
P. pici
:
Couri 1985
;
LaRue 1987
;
Snyder
et al.
1987
;
Teixeira 1999
.
PUERTO RICO
:
Luquillo
Experimental Forest (
18º19' N
,
65º 45' W
), 1 of 7 causes of nestling mortality over a 4-yr period responsible for the deaths of 93% of the 224 young that died in the nest (
Arendt 1983
,
1985a
), 681 thrasher nestlings examined within a 4-yr period [1979-1982] (
Arendt 1985a
);
Luquillo
Mountains, adult specimens emerged from puparia collected by Arendt from thrasher nests, identified as
P. deceptivus
by M.S. Couri; 31% of
105 adult
Pearly-eyed Thrashers during the reproductive period (January-July) in 1979-1982 infested with larvae; mean intensity of 3.1 larvae / bird (range 1-7); 96 % of 448 nestling Pearly-eyed Thrashers examined from 1979 to 1982 infested; overall mean intensity
37 larvae
/ nestling (range 0-220); 209 young died as a result of ectoparasitism (
Arendt 1985b
); (
Couri 1985
);
Mayagüez
(
Rivera Irizarry 1990
;
Arendt 2000
); (
Young 1993
); (
Mazgajski & Kedra 1997: 349
, table 1, following
Arendt 1985a
); (
Teixeira 1999
); [data of
Philornis
are very intensive and extensive for to be summarized and/or included here] (
Arendt 2000
); Puerto Rico, 97% of nestling mortality attributable to philornid parasitism (
Spalding
et al.
2002
, following
Arendt 1985b
); (
Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006
).
Note: According to
Arendt (2000)
, specimens of
Philornis
were identified as
P. pici
by R.J. Gagne (
Snyder
et al
.1987
), and M.S. Couri (
LaRue 1987
); also as
P. deceptivus
by M.S. Couri (
in litt
.) and cited by
Arendt (1985b)
.
LaRue (1987)
questioned the
P. deceptivus
designation given by Couri because she later identified flies from some of the same nestboxes used by
Arendt (1983
,
1985a
,
1985b
) as
P. pici
from specimens sent to her by LaRue in 1986. However, when several specimens were sent to the
UK
by Arendt in the mid-1980s to A.C. Pont, an authority on the
Diptera
, his reply (A. C. Pont
in litt
.) was that none of the specimens were like any
P. pici
he had ever seen.
Three cases of two species of
Philornis
breeding simultaneously in the same nestling are known:
P. pici
and
P. seguyi
García, 1952
(Nores 1993;
Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007
);
P. glaucinis
and
P. niger
(
Dodge & Aitken 1968
)
; and
P. angustifrons
and
P. deceptivus
(
Fernandes Higgins
et al
. 2005
)
. A similar situation probably happened with
P. deceptivus
and
P. pici
from the same nestbox, and both identifications can be accepted as correct. Nevertheless both names,
P. deceptivus
and
P. pici
, are here recorded below
Philornis
sp.
based on doubts expresed by
Arendt (2000)
.
Mimus gilvus
(Vieillot, 1807)
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Rhodnius prolixus
Stål, 1859
VENEZUELA
: [locality not stated], nest, 18
th
position in a ranking of “preferred enviroment by
R. prolixus
according with the places where it was captured” (
Guerrero
et al
. 1965
); (Gamboa C. 1970, following
Guerrero
et al
. 1965
); (
Carcavallo & Tonn 1985
); (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998b
); (
Ribeiro Júnior
et al
. 2006
: p. 327, tabela 1).
Note:
Guerrero
et al
. (1965)
is the original record.
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
VENEZUELA
(
Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952
;
Schafer 1957
;
Couri 1983a
); (
Hicks 1962
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis deceptivus
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD
:
Arima
Textile Mills,
Arima
,
6-V-1963
, Aitken leg.,
2 males
Paratypes
,
ex
M. gilvus
(
Dodge & Aitken 1968
)
; (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis downsi
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
[
TRINIDAD
]: locality and data not given (
Dodge & Aitken 1968
); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis querulus
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
TRINIDAD
:
Arima
Textile Mills,
Arima
,
6-V-1963
, Aitken leg.,
1 male
Holotype
with pinned puparium, # 67452 [
USNM
], reared from subcutaneous larva,
1 male
Paratype
with pinned puparium, reared from subcutaneous larva (
Dodge & Aitken 1968
); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Couri 1985
, liter.); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Philornis vulgaris
(
Couri, 1984
)
COLOMBIA
:
Boyacá
: Villa de Leiva,
IX-2005
to
IV-2006
, 17 infested nestlings in 8 nests of a total of 42 nestlings in 22 examined nests (
Amat
et al
. 2007
).
Mimus polyglottos
(Linnaeus, 1758)
=
Mimus orpheus
:
Towsend 1895a
;
Hicks 1959: 220
[ref.; host], 489 [host; ref.]
=
Mimus
sp.
: Séguy 1946, 1950;
Hicks 1959: 220
[ref.; host]
= “Mockinbird”:
Hicks 1959: 220
[ref.; host]
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
JAMAICA
: St. Catherine, Caymanas Estates, three nightingale nestlings completely infested: one with five maggots in the side of its head; a nestling from which an isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus (
Ventura 1965
) was made in this study had
two larvae
in its head; another nestling in the nest had
three larvae
under its wing, one under its eye and one was found dislodged in the nest [inoculation of two pools, one from each nestling produced no virus (
Ventura 1968
).
Philornis spermophila
(
Towsend, 1895a
)
JAMAICA
(
Towsend 1895a
); (
Hicks 1959: 220
, 489, following Towsend;
Hicks 1959: 220
, followig Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Note: although the species was described by
Towsend (1895a)
,
Hicks (1959)
follows
Towsend (1895b)
, but
P. spermophila
is distributed only in
Jamaica
and
Trinidad
.
Teixeira (1999)
included both works of Towsend among the references cited. Also
Hicks (1959: 220)
gives
Mimus
sp.
(based on Séguy 1946, 1950),
Mimus orpheus
(based on Towsend) and “Mockingbird” (based on
Aldrich 1923
) when these names are related to the same taxon.
THYSANOPTERA
Unidentified species
JAMAICA
: St. Catherine, Caymanas Estates (
Ventura 1968
).
Mimus saturninus frater
Hellmayr, 1925
=
Mimus saturninus
:
Mello 1982
.
=
Mimus
:
Ribeiro Júnior
et al
. 2006
.
=
Mimus
sp.
:
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998a
,
1998b
.
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Psammolestes tertius
Lent & Jurberg, 1965
=
Psammolestes coreodes
[
non
Bergroth, 1911]:
Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966
.
BRAZIL
:
Minas Gerais
: Uberaba,
19º 45’ S
,
47º 55’ W
, 45 nymphs and
28 adults
in 3 of examined nests in 3 of 5 examined buriti palms,
Mauritia vinifera
, conviving with
Rhodnius neglectus
(
Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966
)
; Uberaba, on buruti palms (
Barretto & Carvalheiro 1967
, following
Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966
;
Mello 1982
, following
Barretto & Carvalheiro 1967
); in nests on burutí palms (
Lent & Wygodzinsky 1979
); (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998a
,
1998b
); (
Soares
et al
. 2001
); (
Ribeiro Júnior
et al
. 2006
, only as
Mimus
).
Rhodnius neglectus
Lent, 1954
BRAZIL
:
Minas Gerais
:
Uberaba
,
19º 45’ S
,
47º 55’ W
, 44 nymphs and
21 adults
in 3 of 3 examined nests on 3 buriti palms (of 5 examined), conviving with
P. tertius
(
Barretto & Carvalheiro 1966
)
.
Mimus saturninus
[
modulator
(Gould, 1836)]
=
Mimus saturninus
:
Couri 1986
[hosts].
[
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
]
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
=
Phaonia
sp.
: Cassamagnaghi [h.] 1946 [hosts]:
fide
Albuquerque 1958: 36
; Carvalho
et al
. 2005: 60.
URUGUAY
:
Canelones
: zona próxima a
Migues
, 1 nestling with
3 larvae
, 1 nestling with
1 larva
, 1 nestling with
5 larvae
(Cassamagnaghi [h.] 1946)
.
Philornis gagnei
Couri, 1983
URUGUAY
: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of
Molothrus bonariernsis
inside a nest of
Mimus saturninus
, P. Mason
leg. (
Couri 1986
).
Philornis glaucinis
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
URUGUAY
: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings and allowed to pupate, P. Mason leg. (
Couri 1986
).
URUGUAY
: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of
Molothrus bonariensis
inside a nest of
Mimus saturninus
, P. Mason
leg. (
Couri 1986
)
Philornis masoni
Couri, 1986
URUGUAY
:
Colonia
: Route
12, Km 194,
XI-1983
/
I-1984
, P. Mason leg.,
4 females
paratypes
in nestlings of
Molothrus bonariensis
inside a nest of
Mimus saturninus
(
Couri 1986
)
.
Philornis trinitensis
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
URUGUAY
: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of
Molothrus bonariensis
inside a nest of
Mimus saturninus
, and allowed to pupate, P. Mason leg. (
Couri 1986
)
Nesomimus parvulus
(Gould, 1837)
DIPTERA
:
MUSCIDAE
Philornis downsi
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
ECUADOR
:
Galapagos Islands
: Santa Cruz, 2 nests parasitized of 2 examined nests (
Fessl & Tebbich 2002
).
MOMOTIDAE
Eumomota superciliosa
(Sandbach, 1837)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis fasciventris
(Wulp, 1896)
MEXICO
:
Yucatan
: near the
Ria Lagartos Biosphere Reserve
(
21° 33’ N
,
88° 05’ W
), almost all nests observed have some larvae in the detritus on the bottom of the earthen tunnel-nest of this bird species (in many nests, the detritus undulated with hundreds of larvae), larvae, pupae,
1 male
[
CUIC
],
1 male
[
MNRJ
] (
Couri
et al
. 2007a
)
.
Note: the detritus is comprised of the nestling’s fecal material, coughed-up pellets, rejected food items, and also from dead nestlings. According to TM’s observations, the larvae apparently eat detritus as there was no evidence that the larvae were consuming or parasitizing the nestlings. When nestlings were removed from the nest with numerous
Philornis
larvae, the nestling’s skin showed no marks or lesions (
Couri
et al
. 2007a
). This record in an area of tropical forest clearly corresponds to the Neotropical Region.
PARULIDAE
Dendroica dominica
(Linnaeus, 1766)
=
Erismatura dominica
:
Guerrero
et al
. 1965
.
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Rhodnius prolixus
Stål, 1859
VENEZUELA
: [locality not stated], in nest, 14
th
position in a ranking of “preferred enviroment by
R. prolixus
according with the places where it was captured” (
Guerrero
et al
. 1965
).
Dendroica petechia
(Linnaeus, 1766)
DIPTERA
:
MUSCIDAE
Philornis downsi
Dodge & Aitken, 1968
ECUADOR
:
Galapagos Islands
: Santa Cruz, 3 nests parasitized of 3 examined nests (
Fessl & Tebbich 2002
).
PASSERIDAE
Passer domesticus
Linnaeus, 1758
PSOCOPTERA
Lachesillidae
Lachesilla fuscipalpis
Badonnel, 1972
MEXICO
:
Distrito Federal
:
Ciudad Universitaria
,
VI-1985
, 883 exx. in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla punctata
(Banks, 1905)
MEXICO
:
Distrito Federal
:
Ciudad Universitaria
,
VI-1985
,
1 ex.
in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
)
.
Lachesilla
sp.
(g. Rufa)
MEXICO
:
Distrito Federal
:
Ciudad Universitaria
,
VI-1985
, 2 exx. in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
).
Liposcelididae
Liposcelis bostrichophilus
Badonnel, 1931
MEXICO
:
Distrito Federal
:
Ciudad Universitaria
,
VI-1985
, 2 exx. in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
).
Liposcelis
sp. 4
MEXICO
:
Distrito Federal
:
Ciudad Universitaria
,
VI-1985
, 3 exx. in one examined nest (
García Aldrete 1988
).
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Triatoma sordida
[
sordida
(Stål, 1859)
]
BRAZIL
:
São Paulo
: Municipio de Sertãozinho, Fazenda Vila Maria, 857 nymphs and
151 adults
in one “intensa nidificação de pardais, nos respectivos forros” “e telhados [das] casa, donde ocorria a nidificação e abrigo dessas aves”, 1 nymph I on a male bird captured with mist nets, 2 nymphs I and 1 nymph II on a second male captured with mist nets (
Forattini
et al
. 1971b
); Brazil, first instar nymphs transported by sparrows (Zeledón 1981); “colonias a custa de pardais ... en forros e beirais de casas” (
Aragão 1983
, following
Forattini
et al
. 1971b
); São Paulo, in nests, nymphs attached to the feathers (
Carcavallo & Martínez 1985
, following
Forattini
et al
. 1971b
); first instar nymphs transported by sparrows (
Zeledón & Rabinovich 1981
, following
Forattini
et al
. 1971b
); nymphs of first instar found on the body (
Zeledón 1983
, following
Forattini
et al
. 1971b
).
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
[
BRAZIL
]:
18 larvae
in one chick (
Couri 1985
, following
H.S. López
pers. com.)
.
PICIDAE
Colaptes rubiginosus
(Swainson, 1820)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
TRINIDAD
: Brazil Village,
24-IV-1964
, Aitken leg., a mature larva removed from the neck of an adult male bird, subsequently reared to an adult male fly (
Dodge & Aitken 1968
);
Couri (1983a)
; (
Teixeira 1999
).
Colaptes rupicola
Orbigny, 1840
SIPHONAPTERA
:
Ceratophyllidae
Dasypsyllus stejnegeri
(
Jordan
, 1929)
PERU
:
Recuay Province
:
19 km
W Recuay [
9º 44’ 6’’ S
,
77º 30’ 3’’ W
],
29-III-2000
, Hastriter Team leg.,
3 females
[
MWHC
], ex “soil from nest cavity” in earth bank; highway 109 between Chiquian junction and Pavilotica [
10º 9’ 36’’ S
,
77º 19’ 43’’ W
],
1-IV-2000
, M.W. Hastriter & R. Soto leg.,
1 male
[
MWHC
], ex nest cavity in vertical road cut (
Hastriter
et al
. 2002
;
Hastriter & Schlatter 2006
).
Remarks: According to
Hastriter
et al
. (2002)
, “the adult host bird was seen exiting the earth nest cavity (opening:
18 cm
diameter, depth:
60 cm
) on several occasions. Five hatchlings were present and fleas were not noted on them. Aproximately one liter of dry, course sand was removed from the earthen nest cavity. Each of the
three female
fleas was rather inactive, failing to crawl or jump when probed. In comparison, the single male removed from the nest cavity in the road cut along highway 190 was collected from very fine moist soil. It should be noted that the localities of the two collection sites (within the same province) were separated by more than
70 km
.”
Melanerpes portoricensis
(Daudin, 1803)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
PUERTO RICO
: north-central Puerto Rico, inspection of 11 from 23 captured birds had evidence of
Philornis
ectoparasitism (Muiznieks & Collazo 1999a).
Melanerpes striatus
(P.L.S. Müller, 1776)
=
Picus
sp.
: Séguy 1946, 1950;
Hicks 1959: 220
[refs.; host]
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis pici
(
Macquart, 1854
)
REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA
(
Macquart 1854
;
Couri 1983a
); (
Towsend 1895b
, according to
Hicks 1959: 567
); (
Lutz & Neiva 1912
); (Engl 1920); (Séguy, 1946, 1950); (
Hicks 1959: 567
, following
Towsend 1895b
,
Lutz & Neiva 1912
,
Engel 1920
;
Hicks 1959: 568
, following Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Unidentified sp.
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Alberprosenia malheiroi
Serra, Atzingen & Serra, 1987
BRAZIL
:
Pará
: Municipio de Marabá, Murumuru,
July 1979
,
3 males
,
1 female
in “ninho de pica-pau (aves da familia
Picidae
)” in the bole of the palm
Euterpe oleracea
Mart. (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1995
)
; “Birds family
Picidae
?”, “
Aves
da familia
Picidae
?” (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998a
); “in a nest of
Picidae
birds”, “em ninhos de aves da familia
Picidae
” (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998b
, following
Carcavallo
et al
. 1995
).
SIPHONAPTERA
:
Ceratophyllidae
Ceratophyllus altus
Tipton & Mendez, 1966
MEXICO
:
Chiapas
:
9 km
E San Cristobal
de las
Casas
,
15-V-1969
,
J.E.H. Martin
leg.,
4 males
,
4 females
[
CNCI
], ex “woodpecker holes” (
Hastriter 2001
)
.
PIPRIDAE
Manacus manacus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis angustifrons
(Loew, 1861)
TRINIDAD
: Fort Read,
18-VII-1959
, Aitken leg.,
2 males
,
1 female
,
ex
adult of
M. manacus
(
Dodge & Aitken 1968
)
; (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
PROCELLARIIDAE
Puffinus lherminieri subalaris
Ridgway, 1897
SIPHONAPTERA
:
Ceratophyllidae
Parapsyllus cedei
Smit, 1970
ECUADOR
:
Galapagos Islands
:
Isla Santa Cruz
,
13-II-1964
,
D.W. Snow
leg.,
1 male
Holotype
[
BMNH
],
1 female
Allotype
[
BMNH
],
4 males
paratypes
,
2 females
Paratypes
, in nests; Plaza (islet just to the east of
Isla Santa Cruz
),
6-I-1966
,
1 male
Paratype
,
24-I-1966
,
1 male
Paratype
,
25-I-1966
,
1 female
Paratype
,
28-VII- 1966
,
1 male
Paratype
,
31-VII-1966
,
2 males
Paratypes
,
3 females
Paratypes
(
Smit 1970
)
.
PSITTACIDAE
Amazona agilis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
DIPTERA
:
Stratiomyidae
Hermetia illucens
Linnaeus, 1758
= “Soldier fly”:
Lounges 1996
.
JAMAICA
: larvae in nest matter (
Lounges 1996
).
Amazona amazonica
(Linnaeus, 1766)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis falsificus
Dodge & Aitken 1968
TRINIDAD
: Bois Neuf, Nariva Swamp,
21-IV-1961
, Aitken leg.,
2 males
Paratypes
from extracutaneous larvae (
Dodge & Aitken 1968
); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Amazona finschi
(Sclater, 1864)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
MEXICO
:
Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela-Cuixmala
(
19° 22’ N
,
104º 56’ W
to
19° 35’ N
,
105° 03’ W
), most frequent ectoparasites found on parrot nestlings, average maximum botfly load with 3 ± 4.2 botfly larvae per nestling, range 0–
13 larvae
[
n
= 23] (
Renton 2002
)
.
Amazona
sp.
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis pici
(
Macquart, 1854
)
=
Philornis
sp.
:
Couri 1983a
[included in
Philornis
spp
.]
BRAZIL
: Brazil central [locality not stated] (
Neiva & Penna 1916
); (Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Hicks 1959: 220
, 572, following Séguy 1946, 1950); Brazil (
Couri 1983a
, included in
Philornis
spp
.); (
Couri 1985
, liter.); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Note: cited as Neiva & Penna,
1908 in
the text and
1916 in
the references (
Couri 1983a
).
Amazona vittata
(Boddaert, 1783)
DIPTERA
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
=
Philornis deceptivus
:
Arendt 1985b: 281
[host];
Couri 1985
;
Teixeira 1999
.
=
Philornis pici
:
LaRue 1987
;
Snyder
et al.
1987
;
Lindsey 1992
;
Wiley
et al
. 2004
;
United States
Fish and Wildlife Service 2008: 18 [host].
“botfly”:
Wunderle
et al
. 2003: 7
, 18, 19, 21 [host; date].
PUERTO RICO
: parasitized by larval philornids, which have caused the death of parrot nestlings (
Arendt 1985b
); Caribbean National Forest,
Luquillo
Mountains, parasitism of chicks by warble flies, 1973-1979, 6 infested of 25 nests, 1980-1989, 4 infested of 46 nests (
Lindsey 1992
); 1975, 1 nestling, 1991, 1 nestling, 1992, 3 nestlings, 1994, 2 nestlings dead by botfly infestations (
Wunderle
et al
. 2003
); (
Wiley
et al
. 2004
); (United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2008, following
Arendt 1985b
,
Snyder
et al
. 1987
,
Arendt 2000
).
Note: see remarks below
Margarops fuscatus
(Vieillot, 1808)
[
Mimidae
].
Stratiomyidae
Hermetia illucens
Linnaeus, 1758
= “Soldier fly”:
Wunderle
et al
. 2003: 13
.
PUERTO RICO
: Caribbean National Forest,
Luquillo
Mountains, 1980-1989, 9 of 46 nests infested with soldier fly larvae (
Lindsey 1992
); 1984, Nest site SF, male SF3, female SF3, no. chicks died 2 [1 unknown,
1 soldier
fly] (
Wunderle
et al
. 2003
); (
Wiley
et al
. 2004
); soldier fly larvae implicated in the death of at least one, and possibly two nestlings (United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2008).
Note:
H. illucens
was included by
Wiley
et al
. (2004)
among the “larvae of these ectoparasites [together with
Philornis pici
] can substantially retard growth and muscular development of nestlings, and cause life-threatening secondary infections; heavy infestations of larvae can also directly cause nestling mortality”. This can be true in the case of
P. pici
, but for
H. illucens
(which can be saprophagous as other
Stratiomyidae
) this needs a further corroboration.
H. illucens
was also mentioned in nests of other bird,
Ramphastos brevicarinatus
[
Ramphastidae
] by Van Tyne (1929. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 19, 1-43) and catalogued by
Hicks (1959)
. This last record seems not be American because this bird species is not included in the lists of the American Ornithologists’ Union (1998),
Remsen
et al
. (2008)
and the
Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos (2007)
. Original work of Van Tyne (1929) was not available.
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
(Latham, 1790)
BLATTARIA
:
Blattidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
: [
Mato Grosso do Sul
]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero
et al
. 2000); Pantanal de Miranda, 3 nymphs in natural nests (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
).
ISOPTERA
:
Rhinotermitidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
: [
Mato Grosso do Sul
]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero et al. 2000); (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
, following Favero
et al
. 2000).
PSOCOPTERA
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Mato Grosso do Sul
: Pantanal de Miranda, 125 exx. in artificial nests (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
).
COLEOPTERA
=
“Cupepidae [?]”
: Favero
et al
. 2000.
BRAZIL
: [
Mato Grosso do Sul
]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense, larvae (Favero
et al
. 2000); (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
, following Favero
et al
. 2000).
Elateridae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Mato Grosso do Sul
:
Pantanal
de Miranda
,
1 larva
in an artificial nest (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
)
.
Histeridae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Mato Grosso do Sul
: Pantanal de Miranda, 4 exx. in natural nests (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
).
“
Lampyridae
”
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
: [
Mato Grosso do Sul
]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero
et al
. 2000); (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
, following Favero
et al
. 2000).
Tenebrionidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Mato Grosso do Sul
:
Pantanal
de Miranda
,
8 larvae
in natural nests, and
6 larvae
in artificial nests (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
)
.
DIPTERA
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
BRAZIL
:
Mato Grosso do Sul
: Pantanal de Nhecolândia; Pantanal de Miranda (
Guedes
et al
1999
,
2000
).
Stratiomyidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Mato Grosso do Sul
: Pantanal de Miranda, 4 exx. in artificial nests (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
).
HYMENOPTERA
Apidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
: [
Mato Grosso do Sul
]: Pantanal Sul-matogrossense (Favero
et al
. 2000); (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
, following Favero
et al
. 2000).
Formicidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Mato Grosso do Sul
: Pantanal de Miranda, 3 exx. in artificial nests (
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. 2005
).
Note: Favero
et al
. (2000) states that “para a Ordem
Coleoptera
vários exemplares estavam parcialmente destruídos o que impediu a exata identificação da família”. Thus
Lampyridae
and
Cupedidae
(larvae) are doubtful and need a further corroboration by examination of the material by expert entomologists. These records are also mentioned in the previous data by
Dutra de Carvalho
et al
. (2005)
, who add larvae of
Elateridae
and larvae of
Tenebrionidae
. It is not clear if both works were made with the same bird in the same place corresponding to a single study period.
Aratinga aurea
(Gmelin, 1788)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
BRAZIL
: parasitized by intradermic larvae (
Teixeira
et al
. 1990
).
Aratinga cactorum
(Kuhl, 1820)
HYMENOPTERA
Apidae
: Apinae
Apis mellifera
Linnaeus, 1758
BRAZIL
:
Bahía
: surroundings of Milagres, nests in hollows excavated by
A. cactorum
in arboreal termitaria of
Constrictotermes cyphergaster
Silvestri (1901)
(
Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007
).
Apidae
:
Meliponinae
Partamona rustica
Pedro & Camargo (2003)
+
Partamona cupira
Smith, 1863
BRAZIL
:
Bahía
: surroundings of Milagres, bee nests inside each hollow nests excavated by
A. cactorum
in arboreal termitaria of
Constrictotermes cyphergaster
,
12° 47’ 13’’ S
,
39° 50’ 02’’ W
, 3 bee nests in 38 examined termitaria,
12° 46’ 43’’ S
,
39° 51’ 57’’ W
, 3 bee nests in 52 examined termitaria,
12° 47’ 46’’ S
,
39° 50’ 36’’ W
, 1 bee nest in 37 examined termitaria,
12° 47’ 53’’ S
,
39° 51’ 55’’ W
, 5 bee nests in 81 examined termitaria,
12° 46’ S
,
40° 13’ W
, 2 bee nests in 106 examined termitaria (
Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007
).
Note: two nests of
Partamona
in hollows excavated by
A. cactorum
were predated when the parrots occupied their nest holes in the following breeding season (
Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007
).
Formicidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Bahía
: surroundings of Milagres, inquiline in hollow nests excavated by
Aratinga cactorum
in arboreal termitaria of
Constrictotermes cyphergaster
(
Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007
)
.
Vespidae
[
Unidentified sp.
]
BRAZIL
:
Bahía
: surroundings of Milagres, inquiline in hollow nests excavated by
A. cactorum
in arboreal termitaria of
Constrictotermes cyphergaster
(
Barreto & Siqueira de Castro 2007
)
.
Aratinga euops
(Wagler, 1832)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
CUBA
: Ecological Reserve “Alturas de Banao”, southeastern
Sancti Spíritus
mountains, infestation in nestlings with “warble flies (family
Oestridae
), known locally as the San Juan fly (
Philornis
sp.
)”, fig. 15, “a Cuban Parakeet chick showing skin pockets vacated by warble fly larvae” (
Waugh 2006
).
Brotogeris versicolurus
(Muller, 1776)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis
sp.
BRAZIL
: parasitized by intradermic larvae (
Teixeira
et al
. 1990
).
Myopsitta monachus cotorra
(Vieillot, 1817)
=
Aratinga acuticaudata
[
non
(Vieillot, 1817)]:
Noireau
et al
. 1997: 584
.
=
Aratinga acuticaudata
[
acuticaudata
,
non
(Vieillot, 1817)]:
Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007: 34
[cat.].
= “parrot nests”:
Monteiro
et al
. 1999: 230
[following
Noireau
et al
. 1997
];
Noireau
et al
. 2000: 23
[following
Noireau
et al
. 1997
].
= Birds’ nests:
Noireau
et al
. 1999b: 456
[host; distr.].
Note: Analyzing the data presented by
Noireau
et al
. (1997
,
1999
a
, 2000) (Table II), it can be concluded that the nests of
A. acuticaudata
of
Noireau
et al
. (1997)
correspond to nests of
M. monachus cotorra
of
Noireau
et al
. (1999
a
, 2000).
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Triatoma delpontei
Romaña & Abalos, 1947
=
Triatoma platensis
[
non
Neiva, 1913]:
Noireau
et al
. 1997: 584
;
Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007: 34
[cat., following
Noireau
et al
. 1997
]:
error of identification
.
BOLIVIA
:
Departamento
Santa Cruz
: near
La Choza
(
18º 34’ 51.6’’ S
,
62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W
), 69 nymphs,
27 females
and
33 males
in 26 of 46 examined nests (
Noireau
et al
. 2000
)
.
Note:
Noireau
et al
. (2000)
wrote that “parrots nests in the region often contain ornithophilic triatomines characterized as
T. delpontei
by cytogenetics. Until now,
T. delpontei
has not been reported from
Bolivia
, possibly owing to misidentifications as
T. platensis
”, correcting his previous mention of
T. platensis
in the same nests (
Noireau
et al
. 1997
) (Table II).
Triatoma infestans
[dark morph]
BOLIVIA
: Bolivian Chaco, silvatic melanic insects (
Monteiro
et al
. 1999
, following
Noireau
et al
. 1997
); Bolivian Chaco,
110 km
from Izozog,
15 km
around Tita camp, 4 exx. (Noireau
et al
. 1999);
Departamento
Santa Cruz
: near La Choza (
18º 34’ 51.6’’ S
,
62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W
),
1 female
,
3 males
[= 4 exx. of Noireau
et al
. 1999] in 3 of 46 examined nests (
Noireau
et al
. 2000
) (Table II).
Triatoma sordida
[Group 1]
BOLIVIA
: Bolivian Chaco, only detected in bird-nests of this area (
Noireau
et al
. 1999b
);
Departamento
Santa Cruz
: near La Choza (
18º 34’ 51.6’’ S
,
62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W
),
7 females
and
2 males
in 5 of 46 examined nests (
Noireau
et al
. 2000
).
Triatoma sordida
[Group 2]
BOLIVIA
:
Departamento
Santa Cruz
: near
La Choza
(
18º 34’ 51.6’’ S
,
62º 40’ 10.8 ’’ W
),
1 male
in 1 of 46 examined nests (
Noireau
et al
. 2000
)
.
Note:
Noireau
et al
. (1999b
,
2000
) do not state what group corresponds to
T. sordida sordida
(Stål, 1859)
. Nevertheless, in a personal communition to one of the authors [
ODI
] at the Symposium “La Endemia Chagásica en la región del Gran
Chaco
” (Academia Nacional de Medicina,
Buenos Aires
, 19-XI-08), Noireau suspects that the Group I belongs to
T. sordida sordida
and the the Group II to
T. sordida garciabesi
Carcavallo, Cichero, Martínez, Prosen & Ronderos, 1967
.
Myiopsitta monachus monachus
(Boddaert, 1783)
= “parrot nests”:
Panzera
et al
. 1995
.
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Triatoma delpontei
Romaña & Abalos, 1947
URUGUAY
:
Artigas
: 3 exx. (
Panzera
et al
.1995
).
Pionus
sp.
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis pici
(
Macquart, 1854
)
=
Philornis
sp.
:
Couri 1983a
[included in
Philornis
spp
.]
BRAZIL
: Brazil central [locality not stated] (
Neiva & Penna 1916
); (Séguy 1946, 1950); (
Hicks 1959: 220
, 573, following Séguy 1946, 1950); Brazil (
Couri 1983a
, included in
Philornis
spp
.); (
Couri 1985
, liter.); (
Teixeira 1999
).
Note: cited by
Couri (1983a)
as Neiva & Penna
1908 in
the text and
1916 in
references.
Psittacidae
nests
=
? birds’ nests: (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998b
).
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Pastrongylus megistus
(Burmeister, 1835)
BRAZIL
:
Minas Gerais
: Itapagipe, between
October 1985
and
October 1986
, 4 n IV “found in palm trees (bacuri) associated with parakeet (
Psittacidae
) nests” (one nymph infested with
T. cruzi
) (
Diotaiuti
et al
. 1993
);
(
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998b
).
Note:
Carcavallo
et al
. (1998b)
did not give any reference either, mentioning only birds’ nests.
Rhodnius pallescens
Barber, 1932
(
Ribeiro Júnior
et al
. 2006
: p. 327, tabela 1).
Note: Until
Lent & Wygodzinsky (1979)
and
Carcavallo
et al
. (1998b)
this species was not recorded in birds’ nests. Original record was not found.
Triatoma jurbergi
Carcavallo, Galvão & Lent, 1998
[
BRAZIL
]:
Mato Grosso
: “found in cracks of erosive rocky hills with Psitacidae nests, sucking blood to rodents and parrots, attacking gold washers in the high and steep banks the river of the Garças” (
Lorosa
et al
. 2003
).
Note:
Type
specimens of
T. jurbergi
were from Rondonópolis,
280 km
from Barra do Garça (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998c: 459
). According to
Lorosa
et al
. (2003)
, the data on biology of
T. jurbergi
are attributed to
Carcavallo
et al
. (1998c)
, but in this last work nothing is said about its biology.
RHAMPASTIDAE
Ramphastos tucanus
Linnaeus, 1758
= “
toucan nest”:
D’Alessandro
et al
. 1984
;
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998a
,
1998b
.
HEMIPTERA
Reduviidae
:
Triatominae
Pastrongylus lignarius
(Walker, 1873)
COLOMBIA
:
Meta
Lejano, 2 nymphs and
1 adult
in one nest in a hollow on the palm
Mauritia flexuosa
(
D’Alessandro
et al
. 1981
)
; 2 n V and
1 female
in 1 of 1 examined nest on the palm
Mauritia
(
D’Alessandro
et al
. 1984
, based on
D’Alessandro
et al
. 1981
); (
Carcavallo
et al
. 1998a
,
1998b
, without country date).
Note: Only
D’Alessandro
et al
. (1981)
gave the bird name.
SPHENISCIDAE
Spheniscus humboldti
Meyen, 1834
SIPHONAPTERA
:
Rhopalopsyllidae
Parapsyllus longicornis humboldti
Jordan
, 1942
=
Parapsyllus humboldti
:
Smith
et al
. 2007: 132
.
PERU
:
Ica
Department
:
Marcona
,
Punta
San
Juan
,
15º 21’ 50’’ S
, 75º 12’’ W, occasionally found on birds, in the nest burrows, and in the soil or sand around the nests (
Smith
et al
. 2007
)
.
STRIGIDAE
Glaucidium
sp.
SIPHONAPTERA
:
Ceratophyllidae
Ceratophyllus altus
Tipton & Mendez, 1966
MEXICO
:
Chiapas
:
9 km
E San Cristobal
de las
Casas
,
6-V-1969
,
J.E.H. Martin
leg.,
4 males
,
2 females
[
CNCI
], ex “owl nest” (
Glaucidium
sp.
)
;
13 km
E San Cristobal
de las
Casas
,
19-V-1969
,
J.E.H. Martin
leg.,
2 males
,
4 females
[
CNCI
], ex “owl nest in hollow tree” (
Glaucidium
sp.
) (
Hastriter 2001
)
.
Megascops choliba
(Vieillot, 1817)
DIPTERA
:
Muscidae
Philornis falsificus
Dodge & Aitken 1968
TRINIDAD
: Saint Patrick’s State,
Arima
Valley,
14-V-1960
, Aitken leg.,
1 female
Paratype
,
ex
nest (
Dodge & Aitken 1968
); (
Couri 1983a
); (
Teixeira 1999
).
SULIDAE
Sula dactylatra
Lesson, 1831
COLEOPTERA