Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species
Author
Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Author
Huber, John T.
Author
Logarzo, Guillermo A.
Author
Berezovskiy, Vladimir V.
Author
Aquino, Daniel A.
text
Zootaxa
2010
2010-05-14
2456
1
243
journal article
32054
10.5281/zenodo.894928
77799ae7-9459-43e9-af68-c88aa98852a5
1175-5326
894928
Gonatocerus
(
Lymaenon
)
litoralis
(
Haliday, 1833
)
(
Figs 77–83
)
Ooctonus litoralis
Haliday 1833
: 344
.
Lectotype
female [OUMNH], designated by
Graham 1982
: 223
(not examined).
Type
locality:?near Holywood,
Co.
North Down
,
Northern Ireland
,
UK
.
FIGURES 74–76.
Gonatocerus
(
Lymaenon
)
flaviventris
♀ (holotype): 74, antenna; 75, head and mesosoma; 76, forewing.
Lymaenon litoralis
(Haliday)
:
Walker 1846
: 51
;
Debauche 1948
: 89
–91;
Mathot 1969
: 2
, 11 (key).
Rachistus litoralis
(Haliday)
:
Foerster 1847
: 204
.
Gonatocerus litoralis
(Haliday)
:
Dalla Torre 1898
: 429
;
Soyka 1946
: 37
–38;
Graham 1973
: 47
(mentioned);
Hellén 1974
: 12
–13;
Graham 1982
: 223
–224;
Sahad & Hirashima 1984
: 15
–17;
Matthews 1986
: 223
(diagnosis, measurements, distribution);
Baquero & Jordana 2003
: 5
–7 (diagnosis, redescription, illustrations);
Donev 2005
: 382
–383 (diagnosis, distribution).
Gonatocerus radiculatus
Ahlberg 1925
: 85
–86. 3?
syntype
females [
Matthews (1986)
mentioned a
holotype
without seeing the original
type
material, supposedly deposited in NHRS] (not examined).
Type
locality: near Spånga,
Sweden
. Synonymized under
G. litoralis
by
Matthews 1986
: 223
.
Lymaenon effusi
Bakkendorf 1934
: 23
–29.
Holotype
female [according to
Matthews (1986)
, who could have effectively designated a
lectotype
if this specimen was one of the original
syntypes
:
Bakkendorf (1934)
did not designate any
type
material] [ZMUC] (not examined).
Type
locality: Dyrehaven (Jaegersborg Dyrehave),
Denmark
. Synonymized under
G. litoralis
by
Matthews 1986
: 223
.
Lymaenon paludis
Debauche 1948
: 91
–93 + plate (planche) X (illustrations). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Abbaye du Parc, Héverlé (Heverlee), Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. Synonymized under
G. litoralis
by
Matthews 1986
: 223
.
Lymaenon effusi
Bakkendorf
:
Debauche 1948
: 95
–97;
Mathot 1969
: 11
(key).
Lymaenon rhacodes
Debauche 1948
: 97
–99 + plate (planche) XI (illustrations). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Parc d’Arenberg, Héverlé (Heverlee), Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. Synonymized under
G. litoralis
by
Matthews 1986
: 223
.
Lymaenon littoralis
[sic] (Haliday):
Debauche 1949
: 27
.
Lymaenon arduennae
Mathot 1969
: 2
, 5–6, 12 (key). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Ry de Grahais, Nafraiture, Vresse-sur-Semois, Namur, Belgium. Synonymized under
G. litoralis
by
Matthews 1986
: 223
.
Lymaenon cunctator
Mathot 1969
: 2
, 7–8, 11 (key). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Etang du Merisier, Tervuren, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. Synonymized under
G. litoralis
by
Matthews 1986
: 223
.
Lymaenon rhacodes
Debauche
:
Mathot 1969
: 11
(key).
Lymaenon paludis
Debauche
:
Mathot 1969
: 11
(key).
Gonatocerus paludis
(Debauche)
:
Graham 1973
: 47
;
Donev 1990
: 68
.
Gonatocerus pulchellus
Hellén 1974
: 11
. Holotype female [FMNH] (not examined). Type locality: Hauho, Finland. Synonymized under
G. litoralis
by
Matthews 1986
: 223
.
Gonatocerus litoraris
[sic] (Haliday):
Donev 1990
: 68
.
FIGURES 77–80.
Gonatocerus
(
Lymaenon
)
litoralis
♀ (77 – Monumento Natural Alerce Costero, Región X, Chile; 78– 80 – Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, Región IX, Chile): 77, antenna; 78, dorsellum and propodeum; 79, mesosoma and metasoma; 80, forewing.
Material
examined.
ARGENTINA
.
BUENOS AIRES
:
Castelar
,
34°36’20’’S
58°40’33’’W
, G.A.
Logarzo
:
6.xi–6.xii.2006
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
]
;
6.xii.2006
–
5.i.2007
[1 ♀, UCRC];
5.i–6.ii.2007
[1 ♀, UCRC];
5–9.ii.2007
[1 ♀, UCRC].
Luján
,
Universidad Nacional de Luján
,
34°35'07"S
59°04'45"W
,
32 m
,
C. Coviella
:
20.x.2006
[
3 ♀
,
UCRC
]
;
1.xii.2006
[3 ♀, UCRC];
9.ii.2007
[1 ♀, UCRC]. Moreno, 34°08’57’’S 58°46’57’’W, C. Coviella:
31.i.2005
[1 ♀, UCRC];
9.iii.2005
[2 ♀, UCRC];
23.iii.2005
[3 ♀, UCRC];
9.iv.2005
[2 ♀, UCRC];
8.v.2005
[1 ♀, UCRC];
3.vii.2005
[1 ♀, UCRC];
22.vii.2005
[1 ♀, UCRC].
Tigre
,
34°23’50’’S
58°34’32’’W
,
5 m
,
2– 11.ii.2006
, G
.
A. Logarzo
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
].
CÓRDOBA
,
Villa de Soto
,
30°50’53’’S
65°10’18’’W
,
540 m
,
17.i.2003
, S
.
V. Triapitsyn
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
].
FORMOSA
, S of
Formosa
,
26.27°S
58.27°W
,
60 m
,
26.iii.2003
, J
. Munro [1 ♀, UCRC].
MENDOZA
,
La Consulta
,
33°42’30’’S
69°04’21’’W
,
INTA
–
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta
,
15–19.i.2007
, S
.
Lanati
[
4 ♀
,
UCRC
].
NEUQUÉN
:
Near Cerrito Piñon
(
40 km
SE of
La Rinconada
),
40°17’S
70°38’W
,
24.ii.1999
, S
.
L. Heydon
[
1 ♀
,
UCDC
].
Parque Nacional Lanín
:
Lago Hermoso
shore,
40°21’36’’S
71°28’19’’W
,
1025 m
,
26.ii.2007
, S
.
V. Triapitsyn
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
].
Lago Huechulafquen
shore,
39°44’27’’S
71°22’00’’W
,
1095 m
,
25.ii.2007
, S
.
V. Triapitsyn
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
].
Near Lago Paimun, NW
of
Puerto Canoa
, at
Arroyo
Raculeafu,
25.ii.2007
, S
.
V.
Triapitsyn
,
G.A. Logarzo
,
E.G. Virla
[
2 ♀
,
UCRC
].
2 km
NW of Nonthué
,
40°08’S
71°38’W
,
20–24.ii.1999
, S
.
L. Heydon
,
J. Ledford
[
15 ♀
,
UCDC
].
Pucará
(at
Lago Lácar
),
40°09’59.3’’S
71°37’50.4’’W
,
664 m
:
24.ii.2007
, S
.V. Triapitsyn [21 ♀, UCRC];
24.ii.2007
, S.V. Triapitsyn, G.A. Logarzo, E.G. Virla [11 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC];
1.iii-5.iv.2007
, J.
Parra, G.A
.
Logarzo, S.V
.
Triapitsyn
, E.G.
Virla
[
59 ♀
,
1 ♂
,
UCRC
].
8 km
N of
San Martín
de los
Andes
,
1000 m
,
16– 22.xi.1997
, C
. & M. Vardy [6 ♀, CNCI].
RÍO NEGRO
,
18 km
W of General
Roca
,
INTA
station,
6–8.xi.1997
, C
. & M. Vardy [5 ♀, CNCI].
SALTA
, San Ramón de la Nueva
Orán
:
23.11°S
64.52°W
,
535 m
,
23.iii.2003
, J
. Munro [1 ♀, UCRC]; 23.13°S 63.74°W,
278 m
,
24.iii.2003
, J.
Munro
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
].
BAHAMAS
.
Berry Islands
,
Great Stirrup Cay
,
25°49’34.4’’N
77°54’45.3’’W
,
17.iv.2009
, A
.V. & P.A. Ossipov [1 ♀, UCRC].
BRAZIL
.
GOIÁS
,
Uruaçu
,
14°17.0’S
48°54.8’W
,
Serra da Mesa Survey
:
26.v.1996
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
]
;
29.v.1996
[1 ♀, UCRC].
MINAS GERAIS
, Belo Horizonte, Pampulha
,
Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais
,
19°52’S
43°58’W
,
3–7.xi.1996
,
D. Yanega
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
]
.
CHILE
.
REGIÓN IV,
Quebrada
el
Arrayán
(
33 km
S of La Villa
),
30°11.7’S
70°56.0’W
,
653 m
,
M.E. Irwin
[
2 ♀
,
UCDC
]
.
REGIÓN V,
11 km
W of Llaillay
(km 95 on
Highway
5),
17.xi.1994
, S
.
L. Heydon
,
E. Arias
[
1 ♀
,
UCDC
].
REGIÓN METROPOLITANA
[DE SANTI- AGO]:
Colina, El Portezuelo
,
iii.1988
, L
.
E. Peña
[
14 ♀
,
CNCI
].
Talagante
,
3.ii.1997
, E
.
Arias
[
1 ♀
,
UCDC
]. REGIÓN VIII:
3 km
W of
Florida
,
9.xii.1994
, S
.
L. Heydon
,
E. Arias
[
4 ♀
,
UCDC
].
Near Penco
,
6.ii.1978
, T
.
Cekalovic
[
2 ♀
,
CNCI
]. REGIÓN IX:
Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta
:
37°48'10''S
73°01'27''W
,
1325 m
,
8.ii.2005
, J
.
M. Heraty
et al.
[
2 ♀
,
UCRC
];
Centro
de Informaciones,
37°49’S
73°00’W
,
8.xii.1994
, S
.L. Heydon, E. Arias [5 ♀, UCDC]; 37°49'00''S 73°00'00''W,
1300 m
,
8.ii.2005
, J.M. Heraty
et al.
[31 ♀, UCRC]; 37°49'42''S 72°58'24''W,
1140 m
,
8–24.ii.2005
, J.M. Heraty
et al.
[10 ♀, UCRC]; 37°49'43''S 72°58'24''W,
1140 m
,
8–9.ii.2005
, L.
Masner
[
13 ♀
,
UCRC
].
Puente Chada
,
6.ii.1994
, T
.
Cekalovic
[
1 ♀
,
UCDC
].
Puente Donguil
,
14.i.1990
, T
.
Cekalovic
[
1 ♀
,
UCDC
].
Río Pedregoso
:
Fundo
“Nueva
Pomerania
”,
18.ii.1994
, T
.
Cekalovic
[
1 ♀
,
UCDC
];
Río Pedregoso
,
28.i.1995
, T
.
Cekalovic
[
4 ♀
,
UCDC
].
Termas de Palquín
,
39.359°S
71.734°W
,
9–11.i.2000
, D
.
W. Webb
,
D.K. Yeates
[
1 ♀
,
CNCI
].
Road
to
Volcán Villarrica
at
Río Seco
,
39°20’S
71°58’W
,
xii.1994
, S
.
L. Heydon
,
E. Arias
[
2 ♀
,
UCDC
]. REGIÓN X:
Isla
Grande de Chiloé, Río Dongo,
19.i.2000
, T
.
Cekalovic
[
7 ♀
,
43 ♂
,
UCDC
,
UCRC
].
Monumento Natural Alerce Costero
,
40°10'55''S
73°26'24''W
,
450 m
,
16.ii.2005
, J
.M. Heraty
et al.
[9 ♀, UCRC].
Extralimital
records.
AUSTRIA
.
LOWER
AUSTRIA
,
1 km
W of
Hollern
,
48°04’22’’N
16°52’37’’E
,
150 m
,
16.vi.2007
,
C. Thuróczy
,
S.V. Triapitsyn
[
18 ♀
,
3 ♂
,
UCRC
]
.
BELGIUM
.
WALLOON
BRABANT
,
Waterloo
,
10–20.ix.1992
,
P. Dessart
[
1 ♂
,
UCRC
]
.
BULGARIA
.
KARDZHALI
(
KURDZHALI
),
Rhodope Mts.
,
Daskalovo Village
,
41.79000°N
25.28676°E
,
550 m
,
4.ix.2006
,
P.S. Boyadzhiev
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
]
.
MEX- ICO.
CHIHUAHUA,
Ciudad Juárez
,
13.x.1942
,
R.O. Collier
(on redishes, intercepted in
El Paso
,
Texas
,
USA
) [
1 ♀
,
USNM
] (identified by
A.B. Gahan
as
G. anthonomi
Girault
)
.
UK
.
ENGLAND
,
Surrey
Co., Richmond Park,
15.viii.1997
,
J.S. Noyes
[
1 ♀
,
CNCI
]
.
WALES
,
Glamorgan Co.
,
Kenfig Pool National Nature Reserve
,
31.viii.1995
,
J.S. Noyes
[
1 ♀
,
CNCI
]
.
USA
.
ILLINOIS
,
McLean Co.
,
Hendrix
,
18.v.1911
,
A.A. Girault
(on window of cattle barn) [
1 ♀
,
USNM
] (identified by
A.A. Girault
as
G. anthonomi
)
.
KANSAS
, Pottawatomie Co., Onaga,
F.F. Crevecoeur
[
1 ♀
,
USNM
] (identified by A.A.
Girault
as
G. anthonomi
).
MARY- LAND
, Prince George’s Co., Patuxent Wildlife Research Center,
20.vi.1984
,
M.E. Schauff
[
2 ♀
,
USNM
]
.
OREGON
:
Deschutes Co.
,
Little Deschutes River
(near
La
Pine
),
18.viii.1984
,
M.E. Schauff
,
E.E. Grissell
[
17 ♀
,
USNM
]
.
Lincoln Co.
,
2 mi
. S of
Newport
,
South Beach State Park
,
23.viii.1984
,
M.E. Schauff
,
P. Hanson
[
9 ♀
,
USNM
]
.
FIGURES 81–83.
Gonatocerus
(
Lymaenon
)
litoralis
♂ (Río Dongo, Isla Grande de Chiloé, Región X, Chile): 81, antenna; 82, forewing; 83, genitalia.
Redescription.
FEMALE (specimens from the Neotropical region). Body length 600–900 µm. Body generally brown to dark brown except gaster mostly light brown (particularly basally) to brown; appendages light brown to brown.
Antenna (
Fig. 77
) with radicle 3.0–3.3x as long as wide, 0.31–0.33x total length of scape, rest of scape 3.2–3.4x as long as wide, faintly striate; pedicel longer than F1; F1–F4 subequal in length, shorter than following funicle segments; F5, F7, and F8 subequal in length, F6 a little shorter; F1–F4 without mps, typically mps on F5 (1), F7 (2), and F8 (2) but rarely F5 without mps in small specimens, F6 with 1 mps in large specimens, and occasionally F7 with just 1 mps; clava with 10 mps, 3.1–3.4x as long as wide, a little shorter than combined length of F6–F8.
Mesosoma (
Fig. 79
). Mesoscutum, scutellum, and axillae with weak sculpture. Propodeum (
Fig. 78
) with faint submedian lines, the distance between them shorter basally than distally. Forewing (
Fig. 80
) about 3.1x as long as wide; longest marginal seta 0.28–0.31x maximum wing width. Forewing disc almost hyaline (with a slight, uniform brownish tinge), almost bare behind submarginal vein except for at most a few setae behind its apex, more or less setose behind marginal vein and densely setose elsewhere. Hind wing
20–22x
as long as wide; disc unevenly setose and slightly infumate; longest marginal seta 2.8–3.0x maximum wing width.
Metasoma (
Fig. 79
) a little longer than mesosoma. Petiole 1.6–2.1x as wide as long. Ovipositor 0.7–0.8x length of gaster, not exserted beyond its apex; ovipositor length: mesotibia length ratio about 1.1:1. External plate of ovipositor with 4 or 5 distal setae.
MALE (specimens from
Chile
). Body length 660–800 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna (
Fig. 81
) with scape plus radicle 2.6–2.7x as long as wide, notably striate. Forewing (
Fig. 82
) 2.8–3.6x as long as wide. Genitalia as in
Fig. 83
.
Diagnosis.
Gonatocerus
(
Lymaenon
)
litoralis
is a highly variable species recognizable by the female antenna (
Fig. 77
) typically having 1 mps on F5 and 2 mps on F7 and F8 (sometimes, often in small specimens, without mps on F5 and/or just 1 mps on F7), and without mps on F6 (rarely, with 1 mps in large specimens), and 10 mps on the clava; a narrow to broad (2.8–5.2x as long as wide) forewing (
Figs 80
,
82
), a more or less short ovipositor (ovipositor length: mesotibia length ratio 0.9–1.5:1), not or barely exserted beyond gastral apex; and generally brown to dark brown body except for the gaster, which is mostly light brown (particularly basally) to brown.
Recognition of
G. litoralis
in the Neotropical region, where there are few known species of
G.
(
Lymaenon
), is relatively easy unlike in the Holarctic region, where it is often problematic to define the limits between it and other morphologically similar species.
Distribution.
NEOTROPICAL*:
Argentina
*,
Bahamas
*,
Brazil
*, and
Chile
*. NEARCTIC*:
Mexico
*, and
USA
*. PALAEARCTIC:
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Bulgaria
(
Hellén 1974
;
Donev 1987
,
1990
[also as
G. paludis
(Debauche)
], 2005),
Czech Republic
(
Noyes 2003
),
Denmark
,
Finland
,
Germany
,
Greece
(
Donev 1985
[as
Lymaenon effusi
Bakkendorf
and
L. paludis
Debauche
], 1988c [also as
G. arduennae
(Mathot)
and
G. effusi
(Bakkendorf)
], 2003, 2005),
Ireland
(
Graham 1973 [as
G. paludis
(Debauche)
];
Matthews 1986
),
Japan
(
Sahad & Hirashima 1984
),
Macedonia
(
Donev 1988a
,
2005
),
Netherlands
(
Soyka 1946
),
Norway
(
Mathot 1969
;
Hellén 1974
),
Poland
(
Soyka 1946
),
Romania
(
Radu & Boţoc 1960
),
Russia
(
Hellén 1974
);
Serbia
(
Donev 1988b
);
Slovakia
(
Noyes 2003
),
Spain
(
Baquero & Jordana 2003
),
Sweden
,
Turkey
(
Donev 2001
),
UK
(
England
,
Northern Ireland
,
Scotland
,
Wales
).
Sahad & Hirashima (1984)
listed
G. litoralis
from
Australia
, but without references to any specimens or published records;
Lin
et al.
(2007)
did not include it in their list of the Australian species of
Gonatocerus
.
This is arguably the most common and widespread Palaearctic species of
Gonatocerus
. It is recorded here for the first time from the Neotropics.
Bayoun
et al.
(2008)
reported specimens tentatively identified as
G. litoralis
from California, USA, and here we confirm its presence in the Nearctic region. It is likely that
G. litoralis
was described under a different name (or names) in North America. Because the senior author could not find the type material of
G.
(
Lymaenon
)
anthonomi
Girault
in the USNM, its possible conspecificity with
G. litoralis
remains unconfirmed.
Hosts.
Aphrodes
sp. (
Bakkendorf 1934
) [as
Acocephalus
sp.] and
Macrosteles sexnotatus
(Fallén) (
Ahlberg 1925
)
[as
Cicadula sexnotata
Fallén
] (
Cicadellidae
).