Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)
Author
Wesener, Thomas
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:
Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. & Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museumsmeile Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. & B 54 D 3623309
Author
Enghoff, Henrik
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Author
Sierwald, Petra
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:
Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A.
text
ZooKeys
2009
2009-09-04
19
19
1
128
journal article
10.3897/zookeys.19.221
e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1
1313–2970
576503
C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C
Riotintobolus anomalus
Wesener
,
sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
D393DC52-5565-41B3-BA6E-D8ED7FAE46BA
Material
examined:
Holotype
:
1 ♂ (
45 mm
long),
CAS
BLF 5499
,
Madagascar
,
Province
Toliara
,
Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie
,
12.3 km
262°W Marovato
, spiny forest thicket,
200 m
,
25°34’54” S
,
45°10’6” E
, leg.
Fisher
,
Griswold
et al.,
pitfall trap
,
11–15.II.2002
.
Paratypes
:
>25 ♂ and
♀
,
CAS
BLF 5499
, same data as previous
;
2 ♂,
3 ♀
,
CAS
BLF 5651
, same data as previous, but
160 m
,
25°35’40” S
,
45°8’49” E
, leg.
Fisher
,
Griswold
et al.,
malaise trap
,
13–19.II.2002
.
Other
material examined
:
1 ♀
,
CAS
BLF 5503
,
Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie
, spiny forest thicket,
200 m
,
25°34’54” S
,
45°10’6” E
, leg.
Fisher
,
Griswold
, et al.,
11–15.II.2002
;
1 ♂,
CAS
BLF 5758
,
Madagascar
,
Province
Toliara
,
Mahafaly Plateau
,
6.2 km
74°ENE Itampolo
, spiny forest thicket,
80 m
,
24°39’13” S
,
43°59’48” E
, leg.
Fisher
,
Griswold
et al., sifted litter,
21–25.II.2002
;
2 ♂,
CAS
BLF 5762
, same data as previous, but hand collecting
;
13 ♂,
6 ♀
,
CAS
BLF 5763
, same data as previous,
but pitfall trap
;
1 ♂,
MNHN
,
Madagascar
, leg.
Petit
, 24–1922, envoi vi, entrée 24–1922
;
1 ♂,
CASENT 9032805
,
Province
Toliara
,
Lake Ranobe
, spiny forest,
30 m
,
23°2.941’ S
,
43°36.635’ E
, leg.
Frontier Wilderness Project
,
21–28.I.2003
.
Differential
diagnosis:
R. anomalus
is the only known species of
Riotintobolus
where a sharp-edged preanal process and well-developed lips are absent. Furthermore it is the only species with male tarsal pads on every leg pair. The gonopods of this species are distinct but in some aspects similar to those of
R. mandenensis
and
R. minutus
.
Description
.
Measurements
: male
holotype
with 45 podous and no apodous rings, circa
45 mm
long (broken),
4.3 mm
wide. Females with 44 or 45 body rings and no apodous ring, up to
51 mm
long,
4.6 mm
wide.
Coloration
light grey with darker posterior margins. Openings of ozopores highlighted with a black spot. Collum and rings dorsally with an extraordinary wide bloodred or rust-red stripe. Antennae and legs dark grey.
Eyes
with 30–34 ocelli arranged in five rows.
Antennae
short, protruding in both sexes back to body ring 2 (
Fig. 29B
).
Legs
reach 0.7 times body diameter, tarsi 3 and beyond in males with tarsal pads (
Fig. 29C
).
Preanal process
absent, not protruding (
Fig. 29A
). Anal valves small, lips weakly developed (
Fig. 29A
).
Anterior gonopod
sternite apically swollen into a wide lobe with a triangular, wellrounded tip (
Fig. 29D
). Sternite tip almost as high as mesal coxite process, latter long, relatively slender, longer than sternite (
Fig. 29D
). Telopodite on posterior side apically with a large triangular retrorse process (
Fig. 29E
), projecting above coxite and telopodite margins (
Fig. 29E
).
Figure 29.
Riotintobolus anomalus
sp. n.
, A–C, male (
MNHN
), D–G male holotype,
A
telson
B
right antenna
C
left midbody leg
D
anterior gonopod, anterior view
E
anterior gonopod, posterior view
F
posterior gonopods, anterior view
G
posterior gonopods, posterior view. av = anal valves; Cx = coxite; Md = mandible; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Posterior gonopods
telopodite laterally with a single, large, finger-shaped process (
Fig. 29F
). Sperm canal discharging into process. Apically, a large membrane present, which extends into two lobes, apically twice as wide as basally (
Fig. 29G
).
Intraspecific
variation:
no variation inside or in between the Mahafaly and Cap Sainte Marie populations was observed.
Distribution
and ecology:
this species is currently known from the Mahafaly plateau, the Cap Sainte Marie, and a third, distant location at the Lake Ranobe. All localities are probably the driest places on
Madagascar
(
Battistini 1972
,
Moat & Smith 2007
).
Etymology
:
anomalus
, adjective, refers to the unusual (for
Riotintobolus
) telson of the species.