The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide Author Gravili, Cinzia Author Vito, Doris De Author Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di Author Martell, Luis Author Piraino, Stefano Author Boero, Ferdinando text Zootaxa 2015 3908 1 1 187 journal article 42365 10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1 6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae 1175-5326 242729 D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE Eutima gracilis (Forbes & Goodsir, 1851) Fig. 60 A, B See Kramp (1961) and Russell (1953 , 1970a ) for a complete synonymy. FIGURE 60. Eutima gracilis : A , hydranth with gonangium; B , adult medusa (redrawn and modified: A after Russell 1970, B after Russell 1953 by A. Gennari). Scale bars: A, magnification unknown; B, 6.0 mm. Material examined. HCUS-S 0 67 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage. Description (after Russell 1953 ; Cornelius 1995 ): Hydroid. Hydranths of Campanulina type , cylindrical, long, with blue pigment granules just below tentacle whorl; about 28 tentacles in a single whorl united by a large membranous basal web; hydrothecae lacking or strongly reduced; gonothecae cylindrical, with truncate end, long, containing up to 8 developing medusae. Habitat type and substrate. Sedimentary environment (depth range 0–15 m ), on Chaetomorpha linum (alga), sediment/ Ruppia (Barangé & Gili 1987) . Seasonality. February, April–December in the Mediterranean Sea (Bouillon et al. 2004; Moscatello et al . 2004 ; De Vito 2006). Reproductive period. Unknow in the Mediterranean Sea. Medusa. Adult. Umbrella almost hemispherical when fully grown, up to 13 mm wide (exceptionally to 30 mm ), mesoglea thick, watchglass-like; manubrium cross-shaped in transverse section, short, mounted on extremely long, narrow gastric peduncle extending far beyond bell margin and with small conical base; mouth with 4 small, simple lips; 4 straight radial canals and circular canal narrow; 4 gonads, same in colour as manubrium, restricted to portion of gastric peduncle, extending almost from base of peduncle to manubrium; velum fairly narrow; marginal bulbs not distinct; 2–4 (sometimes more) long perradial marginal tentacles; 40–80 or more marginal warts with fine black pigment granules; usually one lateral cirrus on each side of every tentacle and wart; 8 statocysts. Colours: mesoglea usually highly transparent, but colouration possibly due to local diet; manubrium pale pink or greenish. Developmental stages. Umbrella high and bell-shaped when young, expanding laterally to become just flatter than hemispherical when fully grown, the smallest described stage is only 0.5 mm in height; manubrium short and no peduncle; mouth with 4 small lips; 4 radial canals and ring canal narrow; no signs of gonads; 2 opposite perradial marginal bulbs or swellings, one of which with a short lateral cirrus; 4 interradial and 8 adradial bulbs or swellings without lateral cirri; 8 marginal vesicles situated adradially, each with a single concretion (for more details about developmental stages of this species see Russell 1953 ). Cnidome. Atrichous, basitrichous, and merotrichous isorhizas; sometimes microbasic mastigophores. Distribution. Atlantic, Indo-Pacific?, Mediterranean ( Russell 1953 , 1963; Fraser 1972; Cornelius 1995 ; Medel & López-González 1996 ; Bouillon et al. 2004; Moscatello et al . 2004 ; Gravili et al. 2008a ; Touzri et al. 2010 ). Records in Salento. Rare in the Salento Peninsula ( Moscatello et al . 2004 ; De Vito (2006). Remarks. Only the medusa stage was seen in the present study. The hydroid is not known from nature, it was reared by Werner and illustrated by Russell (1970a) . During swimming, the few long tentacles and the long gastric peduncle of the medusa wave together ( Russell 1953 ). References. Babnik (1948) , Russell (1949, 1953, 1970a), Kramp (1961) , Benović (1973) , Schmidt & Benović (1979) , Benović & Bender (1987), Goy et al. (1988 , 1990 , 1991 ), Gili et al. (1991) , Cornelius (1995) , Benović & Lučić (1996) , Medel & López-González (1996) , Bouillon et al. (2004), Moscatello et al . (2004) , De Vito (2006), Gravili et al. (2008a) , Touzri et al. (2010) .