Revision of the South American genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with description of four new species
Author
Silva, Gabriel S. C.
Author
Melo, Bruno F.
Author
Oliveira, Claudio
Author
Benine, Ricardo C.
text
Zootaxa
2016
4200
1
1
46
journal article
37756
10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.1
834295d1-63b4-4951-a5ea-f2d3ec0228f3
1175-5326
177598
911ECACD-8903-405E-AAA4-8300901D69C7
Key to the species of
Tetragonopterus
1. Eleven to 17 predorsal scales (Amazon,
La Plata
, Orinoco,
Essequibo
, Parnaíba and Jaguaribe rivers)....................................................................................................
Tetragonopterus argenteus
1’. Seven to 9 predorsal scales...............................................................................2
2. Lozenge-shaped dark blotch on caudal peduncle (Rio Jari).................................
Tetragonopterus carvalhoi
2’. Rounded or oval-shaped dark blotch on caudal peduncle.......................................................3
3. Three and a half scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin.............................................5
3’. Four and a half to 5.5 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin........................................4
4. Presence of longitudinal dark stripes on the lateral surface of the body (Corantijn and
Marowijne
basins,
Rio Jari
and
Rio Paru
)...................................................................................
Tetragonopterus rarus
4’. Absence of longitudinal dark stripes on the lateral surface of the body (
Essequibo
,
Marowijne
, Oyapock and Paru rivers).....................................................................................
Tetragonopterus georgiae
5. Seventeen to 20 gill-rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch................................................ 6
5’. Eleven to 15 gill-rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch..................................................7
6. Subsuperior mouth, 5–6 thin teeth on dentary, 2–4 teeth on the maxilla (Tocantins-Araguaia system)....................................................................................................
Tetragonopterus anostomus
6’. Terminal mouth, 4 robust teeth on dentary, 0–2 teeth on the maxilla (Rio Araguaia)..........
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
7. Five to 6 thin and sharp teeth on dentary....................................................................8
7’. Four relatively robust teeth on dentary.....................................................................10
8. Seven scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line (Tocantins-Araguaia system).......
Tetragonopterus denticulatus
8’. Six scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line.......................................................9
9. Two conspicuous humeral marks (upper Rio Tapajós)......................................
Tetragonopterus juruena
9’. A single conspicuous humeral mark (Rio Xingu).................................... ..
Tetragonopterus kuluene
sp. n.
10. Up to 6 teeth on maxilla............................................................................... 11
10’. Seven to 8 teeth on maxilla (middle Rio Tapajós)....................................
Tetragonopterus ommatus
sp. n.
11. Eleven to 17 olfactory lamellae, 4 thin teeth on dentary (São Francisco, Paraguaçu and Itapicuru rivers of northeastern Brazil)........................................................................
Tetragonopterus franciscoensis
sp. n.
11’. Eighteen to 40 olfactory lamellae, 4 robust teeth on dentary (Amazon, Orinoco and Guianas)......
Tetragonopterus chalceus