A new centipede Schendylops Cook from eastern Brazil: the first troglobitic geophilomorph for South America (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)
Author
Nunes, Gabrielle Abreu
Author
Chagas-Jr, Amazonas
Author
Bichuette, Maria Elina
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-11-01
4691
4
386
400
journal article
24993
10.11646/zootaxa.4691.4.4
bd6c0211-6670-46b8-9876-9903c49d6225
1175-5326
3527403
05E8776E-5339-47F0-90F8-A8D828E03838
Schendylops janelao
new species
Schendylops
sp. (
Chagas-Jr & Bichuette 2018
)
Figures 3
B-7
Material examined
. Male
holotype
from Gruta do Janelão Cave (
15°06’S
,
44°14’W
)
600 m
a.s.l., Januária Municipality,
Minas Gerais State
, eastern
Brazil
, collected by M.E. Bichuette,
22.vii.2012
(
LES
10574)
.
Paratypes
:
LES
10573, female, same data as holotype;
LES
10572, male, same data as holotype
.
Additional material examined from the
Museu Nacional
do
Rio de Janeiro
(
MNRJ
):
MNRJ30025
,
Parque Nacional Itatiaia
,
Itamonte Municipality
(
Atlantic Forest
domain),
Minas Gerais State
,
Brazil
(
February 4, 1997
)
;
MNRJ30021
,
Caeté Municipality
(surface environment,
Cerrado
and “campos rupestres” vegetation type),
Minas Gerais State
,
Brazil
,
Schendylidae
(
March 30, 2012
)
;
MNRJ30020
,
Caeté Municipality
(
Cerrado
and “campos rupestres” vegetation type),
Minas Gerais State
,
Brazil
,
Schendylidae
(
March 30, 2012
)
;
MNRJ30012
,
Januária Municipality
(
Cerrado
domain),
Minas Gerais State
,
Brazil
,
Schendylidae
(
March 30, 2012
)
;
MNRJ 30026
surroundings of
Gruta Olhos d’Água Cave
(epigean environment),
Itacarambi Municipality
(
Cerrado-Caatinga
transition vegetation type),
Minas Gerais State
,
Schendylidae
(
June 26, 2001
)
;
Lapa do Baixão Cave
,
Iuiu
municipality,
Bahia State
,
Brazil
(
December 10, 2015
)
.
Diagnosis
.
Schendylops janelao
sp. n.
is differentiated from other species by the following combination of characters. 54 leg-bearing segments (
Figure 2B
). 4+6 setae on the anterior half of clypeus. Modified bristles in the last antennal article with claviform sensory setae (
Figures 3
A–E). Mandible with 15 teeth and dentate lamella subdivided in three blocks with 3, 2, 7 on the right and 3, 2, 5 on the left. Labrum with 16 teeth (
Figure 4C
). 2+3 setae on coxosternite of first maxillae. 10+10 setae of coxosternite of second maxillae (
Figure 5C
). Claw of lateral legs with a large acces- sory spine with medial suture on coxosternum of second maxillae reaching to the posterior border. Number of pores on sterna (sternum II, 2 + 13 + 1; sternum X, 5 + 19 + 4; sternum XXIII, 36 + 21; sternum XXXII, 16 + 19; sternum L, 2 + 21 + 1; sternum LIII, 19) (
Figure 7
A–E). Comparative characters with all
Schendylops
species are shown in
Table 1
.
Remarks on
type
material.
Two specimens (LES 10573 and LES 10572) were preserved partly in alcohol (trunks) and partly in one permanent slide mounted in Hoyer solution (head and mouth parts).
Description of male
holotype
.
Fifty-four leg-bearing segments (
Figure 2B
). Body length 28.0 mm; maximum body width 3.0 mm, length of cephalic plate
7.1 mm
, width of forcipular coxosternum
5.3 mm
. Length of antennae
2.6 mm
. Length of ultimate legs
1.6 mm
. Color in alcohol: pale yellow (
Figures 3A, 3B
). Color of live specimen: pale yellow, darker head (
Figure 2B
).
FIGURE 3.
Schendylops janelao
sp. n.
A, Anterior region showing antennae length and antennal articles (a.a.) (dorsal view), LES 10572; B, Anterior region showing antennal length and antennal articles (a.a.) (ventral view), LES 10574 (Photo: L.B.R. Fernandes); C, Detail of antennal article I and antennae base (dorsal view), LES 10572; D, Right antennae (dorsal view), LES 10574; E, Right antennal article XIV, LES 10574.
Head
: Antennae (
Figure 3A, B, C, D, E
): with 14 articles; ca. 4.8 times longer than the cephalic plate; total antennal length
2.6 mm
. Antennal article (a.a.) II–XIII, 1.5–2.7 times longer than wide, the III a.a. more elongate than others; a.a. XIV 2.6 times longer than wide. Setae on a.a. I–IV setae mostly short, but some elongate; a.a. I and IV with ca. 2–3 very small-specialized setae with each one ending in three small apical branches. Terminal a.a. with ca. 19 claviform sensory setae on the lateral external apical edges.
Cephalic plate
: (
Figure 4A, B
): slightly longer than wide (1.4), rounded at apex and slightly convex at base, chaetotaxy as in
Figure 4B
. Clypeus with 1 + 1 postantennal setae, 7 + 5 median setae and 1 + 1 prelabral setae. Labrum (
Figure 4C
): with 10 round-tipped teeth on the central arc, sidepieces with 2 + 4 teeth, each with a very sharp medial extension.
Mandible
: (
Figure 5A
): with dentate lamella subdivided in 3 blocks with 3, 2, 7 on the right and 3, 2, 5 on the left. The pectinate lamella with ca. 15 hyaline teeth.
First maxillae
: with palps on both coxosternum and telopodites well developed. Coxosternum with 2 + 3 setae, median projection of coxosternum subtriangular with 1 + 1 setae (
Figure 5C
). Article II of telopodite with 6 + 10 setae.
Second maxillae
: (
Figure 5C
): with 10 + 11 setae on coxosternum. Apical claw well developed (
Figure 5D
), bipectinate, the dorsal edge with ca 24–26 teeth and the ventral with ca. 21–22.
Forcipular segment
(
Figure 5B
): When closed terminal podomeres not extending beyond the anterior margin of the head. Basal plate with 13 large setae and a few additional median and small setae dispersed on the remaining surface. Chaetotaxy of coxosternum and telopodites as in
Figure 5B
, with median diastema. Calyx of venom gland cylindrical (
Figure 5D
).
Sterna
: Pore fields present from the second sternum to penultimate (LIII), totally absent on the remaining sterna (
Figure 6
A–F). On sterna II to X, fields are undivided, elliptical in form. On sterna XIII to L the fields are divided in two subsymmetrical subcircular areas. Shape of fields change posterior-anterior along the trunk. Number of pores on selected sterna: on sternum II, 2 + 13 + 1; on X, 5 + 19 + 4; on XXIII, 36 + 21; on XXXII, 16 + 19; on L, 2 + 21 + 1; on LIII, 19.
Legs
(except ultimate pair) (
Figures 7A, B
): Chaetotaxy on anterior legs represented by well-distributed setae and just slightly less numerous (
Figure 7B
), as well as smaller, than the posterior legs (
Figure 7A
). Anterior (
Figure 7B
) and posterior legs (
Figure 7A
) with large setae; ventro-basal claws with one anterior spine well developed.
Ultimate leg-bearing segment and terminal segments
: with shape and chaetotaxy as in
Figure 7D
. Metasternite sub-trapezoidal,
circa
1.3–1.9 times as wide as long. Ultimate legs with seven well-elongated podomeres (
Figure 7D
), total length
1.6 mm
(
Figure 7E
). Praetarsus a small tubercle with 1 small apical spine (
Figure 7E
). Two single homogeneous coxal organs on each coxopleura, anterior and posterior coxal organs externally unilobed (
Figure 7D
).
Postpedal segments
: Gonopods uniarticulate. Intermediate tergum and sternum with posterior margin convex. First genital sternum with posterior margin medially convex.
FIGURE 4.
Schendylops janelao
sp. n.
A, Cephalic plate (dorsal view), LES 10572; B, Detail of chetotaxy in cephalic plate (dorsal view), LES 10574; C, Labrum (dorsal view), LES 10574.
FIGURE 5.
Schendylops janelao
sp. n.
A, Forcipula, general view (ventral view), LES 10572; B, Forcipula, general view (dorsal view), LES 10574; C, Second maxillae (dorsal view), LES 10574; D, Terminal podomere with the internal venom gland represented (dorsal view), LES 10574.
FIGURE 6.
Schendylops janelao
sp. n.
, pore fields. A, Sterna II; B; Sterna X; C, Sterna XXIII; D, Sterna XXXII; E, Sterna L; F, Sterna LIII.
Distribution.
Endemic solely to Gruta do Janelão Cave. The cave is formed from limestone rock, and is located in Januária Municipality, Peruaçu Caves National Park, north of
Minas Gerais State
, eastern
Brazil
.
Etymology.
Named after Gruta do Janelão Cave, type-locality of
S. janelao
sp. n.
and one of the most important caves in northern
Minas Gerais State
due its beauty, volume and archaeological records. The name “janelão” means “large window” because of several large entrances to the cave (
Figure 2A
).