Taxonomic revision of Stagmatoptera Burmeister, 1838 (Mantodea: Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae)
Author
Rodrigues, Henrique Miranda
Author
Cancello, Eliana Marques
text
Zootaxa
2016
4183
1
1
78
journal article
37921
10.11646/zootaxa.4183.1.1
850573e8-2328-4464-b32c-b293ea9a1d23
1175-5326
164330
0E576DCD-49EB-47DD-9CF2-14F3941BA0B5
Stagmatoptera binotata
Scudder, 1869
Male—Figures 2A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A–19A. Female—Figures 2B, 4A, 6A, 8A, 10A, 12A, 20A–22A.
Stagmatoptera binotata
Scudder, 1869
, p.341 (descr.);
Saussure, 1871b
, p. 94 (cit.);
Westwood, 1889
, p.16 (cit.);
Kirby, 1904
, p.300 (cit.);
Rehn, 1911
, p.12 (cit.);
Giglio-Tos, 1914
, p. 29 (redesc.);
Werner, 1925a
, p.166 (cit.);
Giglio-Tos, 1927
, p.596 (redesc.);
Beier, 1930
, p.31 (cit.);
Jantsch & Corseuil, 1988
, p.233 (cit.);
Terra, 1995
, p.64 (cit.);
Ehrmann, 2002
, p.328 (cit.);
Agudelo
et al.
, 2007
, p.125 (cit.);
Ehrmann & Koçak, 2009
, p.11 (cit.).
=
Mantis (S.) rogatoria
Burmeister, 1838
non
M. rogatoria
Stoll, 1813
, p. 540 (descr.); De Haan, 1842, p.74 (cit.).
=
Stagmatoptera rogatoria
,
Saussure, 1870
, p. 231 (cit.); Rehn, 1904, p.571 (cit.);
Kirby, 1904
, p.300 (syn. with
S. praedicatoria
).
=
Stagmatoptera praedicatoria
Saussure, 1870
, p.232 (descr.); Saussure, 1871, p.92, t.1, f.10 (cit.);
Stål, 1877
, p.72 (cit.);
Westwood, 1889
, p.16, t.4, f.6 (cit.); Rehn, 1904, p.571 (syn. w/
S. rogatoria
);
Kirby, 1904
, p.300 (cit.);
Rehn, 1911
, p.12 (cit.);
Giglio-Tos, 1914
, p. 29 (syn. with
S. binotata
).
Syntypes.
1♂ and 1♀, Napo River or Marañon River (Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University) (not examined).
FIGURE 2.
Stagmatoptera binotata
, dorsal
habitus
. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10mm.
FIGURE 3.
Stagmatoptera
spp., frontal view of head (males). A,
Stagmatoptera binotata
; B,
S
.
diana
sp. n.
; C,
S
.
cerdai
sp. n.
; D,
S
.
biocellata
; E,
S
.
femoralis
; F,
S
.
hyaloptera
. Scale bar = 5mm.
Type locality.
Napo River or Marañon River.
Synonym types.
Syntype of
S. praedicatoria
, 1♀, Alto Amazon., M. Brunner d. W. (MHNG) (examined). Syntype of
S. praedicatoria
, 1♂, Manaus, [AM], M. Brunner d. W. (MHNG) (examined).
Diagnosis.
Prothorax strongly crenulated in both sexes, femoral internal spot triangular, nitid black.
Redescription. Male
—Prothorax slender, lateral margins with strong crenulation. Metazona with a conspicuous central keel (
Fig. 5
A). Forecoxae with 6–13 large spines, which alternate with 2–10 smaller spines (
Fig.7
A). Forefemora slender, the first three discoidal spines black on their anterior surface; 11–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15, the first and all large spines black on their anterior surface; the 8th, 10th and 12th spines may feature a small black spot on their insertion. Anterior femoral spot extending from femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, triangular and nitid black color (
Fig. 9
A). Foretibiae with 9–12 posteroventral spines, usually 10 or 11 and 12–17 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur black on its anterior surface (
Fig. 11
A). Foretarsi with black apical spots on the anterior surface of tarsomeres I–IV. Discoidal area of forewings opaque-green, becoming either gradually or suddenly hyaline towards the posterior end. Spot on stigma circular, medium sized, reaching the middle of discoidal area, with a crescent-shaped white spot surrounded by a circular brown spot and in the center a small semi-hyaline region. Discoidal and anal areas of hindwings completely hyaline or hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins of the anterior-most halves (
Fig. 2
A).
FIGURE 4.
Stagmatoptera
spp., frontal view of head (females). A,
Stagmatoptera binotata
; B,
S
.
diana
sp. n.
; C,
S
.
biocellata
; D,
S
.
femoralis
; E,
S
.
hyaloptera
. Scale bar = 5mm.
Genitalia
. Left phallomere longer than wide, sclerite L4B approximately as long as wide; apical process (
paa)
elongated, slightly dilated on the left side of its base, angled approximately 45° from the body axis, apex expanded and bilobate, directed ventrally (
Fig. 13
A); distal process (
pda)
long, broad, flattened, sharply bent 90° to the right, apex strongly sclerotized and slightly tapered (
Fig. 16
A); apofisi falloid (
afa)
elongated, parallel to the body axis (
Fig. 14
A), right margin smooth and sinuous (
Fig. 15
A), posterior apex simple and undivided, slightly rough surface and moderately sclerotized, anterior apex bent 90° to the right, left margin becoming progressively more sclerotized towards the apex (
Fig. 14
A); Membranous lobe (
loa)
elongated and straight (
Fig. 14
A); membrane adjacent to the
afa
glabrous (
Fig. 14
A). Right phallomere with posterior apex rounded; Medial arm (
bm)
short, with the apex slightly expanded making a gentle elevation (
Fig. 17
A); Ventral plate (
pia
)
elongated, moderately sclerotized (
Figs. 18
A–19A); Ventral process (
pva)
elongated, moderately sclerotized, apex rounded (
Fig. 19
A); Anterior apodeme (
an)
elongated, apex smoothly rounded (
Fig. 18
A).
Measurements
. Body length: 70.1–81; head width: 6.5–7.3; prozona length: 4.4–5.3; metazona length: 22.2–26.5; prothorax width: 4.5–5.5; forecoxae length: 12.2–15.7; forefemora length: 14.7–18.1; forefemora width: 2.2–2.7; foretibiae length: 6.6–8.1.
Ratios
. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.29–1.57; metazona/prozona: 4.52–5.1; metazona length/prothoracic width: 4.44–5.3; metazona/forecoxae: 1.64–1.82; forefemora length/width: 6.22–7.17.
FIGURE 5.
Stagamatoptera
spp., dorsal view of pronotum (males). A,
Stagmatoptera binotata
; B,
S
.
diana
sp. n.
; C,
S
.
cerdai
sp. n.
; D,
S
.
biocellata
; E,
S
.
femoralis
; F,
S
.
hyaloptera
. Scale bar = 5mm.
Female
—Prothorax slender, lateral margins with strong crenulation. Metazona with conspicuous central keel (
Fig. 6
A). Forecoxae crenulated, with 6–15 large spines, which alternate with 4–13 smaller spines (
Fig. 8
A). Forefemora elongated and slender, the first three discoidal spines black on their anterior surface; 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15, the first spine and all the large spines black on their anterior surface, the 8th, 10th and 12th spines may present a small black spot on their insertion. Anterior femoral spot extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, triangular and nitid black color (
Fig. 10
A). Foretibiae with 9–12 posteroventral spines, usually 10 or 11, and 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur black on the anterior surface (
Fig. 12
A). Foretarsi with black apical spots on the anterior surface of tarsomeres I–IV. The spot on the stigma circular, medium sized, reaching the middle of the discoidal area, with a crescent-shaped white spot surrounded by a circular brown spot and in the center a small semi-hyaline region. Costal area of the hindwings hyaline, discoidal and anal areas hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins (
Fig. 2
B).
FIGURE 6.
Stagmatoptera
spp., dorsal view of pronotum (females). A,
Stagmatoptera binotata
; B,
S
.
diana
sp. n.
; C,
S
.
biocellata
; D,
S
.
femoralis
; E,
S
.
hyaloptera
. Scale bar = 5mm.
Genitalia
. Base of gonapophysis VIII projecting inwards (
Fig. 20
A); Basivalvula (
bv)
roughly rectangular, anterior internal margins curving outwardly (
Fig. 20
A), all the internal surfaces sculpted (
Fig. 21
A); Interbasivalvula (
ib)
weakly sclerotized (
Fig. 21
A); Posterolateral extensions
(pe)
elongated, weakly sclerotized, with smooth margins (
Fig. 21
A); Sclerite on the dorsal wall of genital papilla
(gs)
almost membranous, smooth (
Fig. 22
A); Laterosternal shelf
(ls)
oval, posterior process short, triangular (
Fig. 22
A).
Measurements
. Body length: 78.4–96.1; head width: 8.1–9.6; prozona length: 6.1–7.8; metazona length: 28.4–35.8; prothorax width: 6.7–8.3; forecoxae length: 17.8–22.3; forefemora length: 21.1–26.3; forefemora width: 3.2–4.4; foretibiae length: 9.2–11.9.
Ratios
. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.12–1.26; metazona/prozona: 4.14–4.78; metazona length/prothoracic width: 3.95–4.44; metazona/forecoxae: 1.47–1.66; forefemora length/width: 5.89–7.12.
Remarks.
Scudder described
Stagmatoptera binotata
in 1869 based on one specimen most likely collected from Peru. Since then this species has been collected in several other localities across the Amazon rainforest. However, two specimens from the MCTP collection have labels indicating localities witin Rio Grande do Sul state, in Brazil, far from the Amazon. These records are dubious, because it is very likely that these specimens are mislabeled.
Distribution.
Brazil
(
Amapá
,
Amazonas
,
Pará
,
Rio Grande do Sul
[?],
Rondônia
),
French Guiana
,
Peru
.
Examined material.
BRAZIL
:
Rio Purus
, 1904,
J.A. Martins-Barbosa
,
1♀
(
MNHN
)
; Amapá—Alto Amapari, vii-viii.1959, J. Lane, 1♂ (MZSP).
Serra do Navio
,
xi.1964
,
E. Dente
col.,
1♀
(
MZSP
)
;
Amazonas—Benjamin Constant
,
v.1961
,
Dirings
col.,
1♂
1♀
(
MZSP
)
. B. Constant,
19.viii.1984
, J. Kuhn, 1♂, 1224 (MCTP). B. Constant, 1983, J. Kuhn, 1♂, 0 726 (MCTP). Benj. Const.
13.viii.1980
, J. Maia leg., 1♀, 0 534 (MCTP). Benj. Const.,
17.i.1983
[?], J. Kuhn, 1♀, 0 725 (MCTP). Benj. Const.,
07.ix.1979
, A. Maia leg., 1♂, 0 0 99 (MCTP).
Paxiúba
,
Rio Abacaxis
,
Borba
,
04°28’48”S
58°34’24”W
,
02-04.vi.2008
,
J.A. Rafael
e equipe,
1♂
(
INPA
)
.
Paraná
de Urariá,
Fortaleza
,
24.ii.1972
, EPA [
Expedição Permanente da Amazônia
],
1♂
(
MZSP
)
.
Humaitá
,
ix.1980
,
Andrade
col.,
1♀
(
MZSP
)
.
Estirão da Preta
, Rio
Liberdade
,
Ipixuna
,
07°21’46,7”S
71°52’07,1”W
,
11-15.v.2011
,
J.A. Rafael
,
D. Takiya
,
A. Somavilla
&
A. Agudelo
,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
Est. Mn., CEPLAC,
Itacoatiara
,
06.v.1976
,
Eduardo
col.,
1♂
(
INPA
)
.
Resev Unini
,
Rio Unini
,
Manapana
,
01°53’18”S
62°27’46”W
,
11- 12.vi.2004
,
A. Silva F. & L. Aquino
,
1♂
(
INPA
)
.
C1 ASA
Manaus
,
12.iii.1986
,
P.E. Gonçalves
col.,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
Campus
INPA
,
Manaus
,
22.iii.1988
,
Celia
col.,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
Campus
INPA
,
Manaus
,
08.iv.1988
,
da Silva, B.M.
col.,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
Vale
do Sol II,
Aleixo
,
Manaus
,
29.iii.1986
, Vera Lucia
L. Lima
col.,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
Reserva Adolpho Ducke
,
Manaus
,
02°55’51”S
59°58’59”W
, floresta úmida,
06-10.iii.2007
,
L.M. Fusari
leg.,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
São Lázaro
,
Manaus
,
08.v.1988
,
Leite, S.S.
col.,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
Um Est Amo
1 km
60,
Res Camp
,
05.iv.1976
,
Germano G.
Neto,
1♀
(
INPA
)
; Pará—PA, Schulz, 1♂ (MHNG). Tipo de
S. rogatória
, PA, 1♀ (ZMB). PA, 2♀ (ZMB).
Belém
,
16.ii.1983
,
A.L. Henriques
,
1♀
(
INPA
)
.
Capitão Poço
,
26.ii.1978
,
P. Tadeu
,
1♂
(
MZSP
)
.
Liverpool
,
Foz do Taipuru
,
12.xi.1969
, EPA [
Expedição Permanente da Amazônia
],
1♂
(
MZSP
)
. Santo Antonio de Tauá, PA,
5-15.x.1979
, Michel Boulard rec., 1♂ (MNHN);
Rio Grande do Sul—Nova Petrópolis
,
24.iii.1979
,
V. Lima
leg.,
1♀
, 0 439 (
MCTP
)
.
Porto Alegre
,
03.iv.1980
,
E. Acauan
leg.,
1♂
, 0 0 91 (
MCTP
)
;
Rondônia—Porto Velho
,
28.ix.1979
,
J. Campbell
,
1♂
(
INPA
)
.
FRENCH GUIANA
:
Env.
St.
Georges Oyapok
, 1900,
F. Geay
,
3♂
(
MNHN
)
. Route de Régina, 1984, Piège lumineux, S. Boucher, 1♂ (MNHN).
PERU
: Estiron,
Rio Ampiyacu
,
Loreto
,
15-22.v.1966
,
B. Malkin
col.,
1♀
(
MZSP
)
.
Jenaro
Herrera
,
4°55’S
73°40’W
,
Loreto
,
ix.1987
,
Piège
lumineux,
G. Couturier
col.,
1♂
(
MNHN
)
.
Estiron
,
Rio Ampiyacu
,
Loreto
,
xii.1982
,
S. Poulain
rec.,
2♂
(
MNHN
)
.
Estiron
,
Chemin de Paucar
,
Rio Ampiyacu
,
Loreto
,
xii.1983
,
Forêt
primaire non inondable,
C. Amedegnato
&
S. Poulain
rec.,
2♂
(
MNHN
)
.