Trematooecia aviculifera ( Canu & Bassler, 1923 )

Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann & Vieira, Leandro M., 2014, Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species, Zootaxa 3868 (1), pp. 1-61 : 35-40

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ACC2AFCA-549B-4E2E-9E33-BF229FA3348A

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589860

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F20487E3-FFEC-2111-F5FF-FB89FBB43E7E

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Trematooecia aviculifera ( Canu & Bassler, 1923 )
status

 

Trematooecia aviculifera ( Canu & Bassler, 1923) View in CoL

( Figs 19–24 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24 , Table 5 View TABLE 5 )

Holoporella turrita: Osburn 1914: 217 . [ Tortugas Island, Florida]

Not Lepralia turrita Smitt 1873: 66 , pl. 6, figs 226–228. [Florida; = Cigclisula turrita View in CoL , see above]

Holoporella aviculifera Canu & Bassler, 1923 : pl. 46, fig. 2. [Pleistocene, Mount Hope, Panama Canal]

Holoporella turrita: Osburn 1927: 131 . [ Curaçao Island, Caribe]

Holoporella turrita: Canu & Bassler 1928a: 145 , text-fig. 33C–D. [Gulf of Mexico]

Trematooecia turrita: Osburn 1940: 458 View in CoL , pl. 8, fig. 72. [Guanica Harbor, Puerto Rico; Tortugas Island, Florida; Curaçao Island, Caribe]

? Trematooecia aviculifera: Powell 1971: 773 View in CoL . [Margarita and. Galesta Island, Panama Canal]

Cigclisula aviculifera: Banta & Carson 1977: 402 , fig. 4F. [ Costa Rica, Caribe ]

Trematooecia aviculifera: Winston 1984: 31 View in CoL , figs 65–66. [Florida, Caribe]

Trematooecia aviculifera: Winston 2005: 107 View in CoL , figs 298–303. [Florida, Caribe]

Material examined. Holotype: USNM 68709 View Materials , Holoporella aviculifera, F. Canu & R. Bassler det., Pleistocene , Panama Canal . Additional specimens: USNM 603771 View Materials , Trematooecia turrita, Jan Thielbaai , Curaçao , approx. 21 m; USNM 603772 View Materials , Trematooecia turrita, R. Osburn det., 1908, Tortugas , Florida, 27 m; USNM 603773 View Materials , Acc. No. 208837, Trematooecia turrita, R. Osburn det., 1915, off Guanica Harbor , Puerto Rico , 55 m; USNM 603774 View Materials , Trematooecia turrita, R. Osburn det., 1920, Curaçao Bay; USNM 376606 View Materials , Trematooecia aviculifera, Carrie Bow Cay , Belize ; USNM 603775 View Materials , Trematooecia aviculifera , Belize , Carrie Bow Cay, CBC 14.5.75–1, 14– 38 m, B. Spracklin Coll; USNM 603776 View Materials , Trematooecia aviculifera , Curaçao ; USNM 603777 View Materials , Trematooecia aviculifera , Belize , Fisherman’s Cay; USNM 603778 View Materials , Trematooecia aviculifera, Saint Georges’s Cay , Belize ; USNM 603782 View Materials , CHE 618, Trematooecia aviculifera , Panama ; USNM 603284 View Materials , T.a. 17, Trematooecia aviculifera, J. Sanner det., Panama ; USNM 603285 View Materials , T.a. 8, Trematooecia aviculifera, J. Sanner det., Panama ; USNM 603286 View Materials , T.a. 3 and 4, Trematooecia aviculifera, J. Sanner det., Panama .

Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar, the latter forming forming large mounds. Skeleton red. Zooids of initial layer subrectangular, those from frontally budded layers irregularly polygonal, longer than wide, limited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield heavily calcified, marginally punctured by 7–14 pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, transversely D-shaped, wider than long, sunken, with arcuate anter and straight or weakly convex poster. No condyles. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4–6 (usually 4) whitish solid tubercles. Suboral elliptical avicularium laterally orientated. Interzooidal avicularium large, wider than long, rostrum obovate; calcified palate occupies more than half rostral length; foramen rounded. Ooecium subglobose, initially seen as horizontal on zooid surface before becoming partly immersed in secondary calcification, wider than long; ectooecium with frontal semicircular membranous area.

Remarks. According to Winston (2005), Smitt (1873) did not differentiate T. aviculifera from Celleporaria albirostris . Osburn (1940) also misidentified T. aviculifera as Trematooecia turrita ( Smitt, 1873) (= Cigclisula turrita ; Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ), and erected the genus Trematooecia for this species. Both T. aviculifera and C. turrita species have heavily calcified, encrusting colonies, often with a tubercular secondary orifice. They are distinguished, however, by the morphology of ooecia and avicularia (see above, under Remarks on Trematooecia ).

Canu & Bassler (1923) described T. aviculifera based on a fossil specimen (USNM 68709; Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ) from Panama Canal. They described small frontal avicularia, but none has been found in examined material. Trematooecia aviculifera is characterized by the transversely D-shaped orifice, suboral elliptical avicularium laterally directed and obovate interzooidal avicularium.

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Trematooecia aviculifera resembles Trematooecia osburni Marcus, 1955 , Trematooecia protecta Osburn, 1940 and Trematooecia ridleyi (Kirkpatrick, 1890) in having encrusting colonies, a marginally punctured frontal shield, globose ooecium and ectooecium with a frontal circular membranous area. Trematooecia aviculifera differs from T. osburni in the presence of tubercles around the secondary orifice and in having a suboral avicularium. Trematooecia aviculifera differs from T. protecta in the absence of condyles and frontal avicularia and in the position of the ooecium (inclined in T. protecta , horizontal in T. aviculifera ). Autozooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia are also shorter in T. protecta than in T. aviculifera ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ). Trematooecia aviculifera differs from T. ridleyi in the size of the zooids and ooecium (all smaller in T. ridleyi ) and in the absence of frontal avicularia (conspicuous in T. ridleyi ).

Trematooecia aviculifera has been reported by some authors ( Canu & Bassler 1928a; Osburn 1914, 1927, 1940; Banta & Carson 1971; Winston 1984, 2005) from the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Puerto Rico, and Costa Rica. This species is probably one of the most abundant bryozoans on Caribbean coral reefs ( Winston 1984, 1986, 2005). Colonies grow from a single lamina to form large mounds that remain red even when dead ( Fig. 24 View FIGURE 24 ). Because of the colony color and presence of tubercles, the species is also called “bleeding teeth bryozoan” ( Charpin 2014). Owing to some physical property of the calcification, the species has a fluorescent green coloration at depths below 7m ( Winston 1984), one of the reasons why T. aviculifera is easily noticed by divers.

Distribution. Pleistocene ( Panama) to Recent (Atlantic: Florida to Venezuela).

T

Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Bryozoa

Class

Gymnolaemata

Order

Cheilostomatida

Family

Colatooeciidae

Genus

Trematooecia

Loc

Trematooecia aviculifera ( Canu & Bassler, 1923 )

Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann & Vieira, Leandro M. 2014
2014
Loc

Trematooecia aviculifera:

Winston, J. E. 2005: 107
2005
Loc

Trematooecia aviculifera:

Winston, J. E. 1984: 31
1984
Loc

Cigclisula aviculifera:

Banta, W. C. & Carson, R. J. 1977: 402
1977
Loc

Trematooecia aviculifera:

Powell, N. A. 1971: 773
1971
Loc

Trematooecia turrita: Osburn 1940: 458

Osburn, R. C. 1940: 458
1940
Loc

Holoporella turrita: Canu & Bassler 1928a: 145

Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. 1928: 145
1928
Loc

Holoporella turrita: Osburn 1927: 131

Osburn, R. C. 1927: 131
1927
Loc

Holoporella turrita: Osburn 1914: 217

Osburn, R. C. 1914: 217
1914
Loc

Lepralia turrita Smitt 1873: 66

Smitt, F. A. 1873: 66
1873
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