Tobias caudatus Mello-Leitão, 1929

Machado, Miguel, Teixeira, Renato Augusto & Lise, Arno Antonio, 2015, Taxonomic notes on the crab spider genus Tobias Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae), Zootaxa 4034 (3), pp. 565-576 : 567-570

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4034.3.8

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A8916D87-2687-452B-AD13-809022729930

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6119595

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E95D3A-2E4B-8058-CCA6-FF57BEB9FC3C

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Tobias caudatus Mello-Leitão, 1929
status

 

Tobias caudatus Mello-Leitão, 1929

Figs 1–11 View FIGURES 1 – 4 View FIGURES 5 – 11

Tobias caudatus Mello-Leitão, 1929: 88 , figs 187–188.

Type material: Holotype (designated by Mello-Leitão, 1929): female, Tijuca [22°57'31.38"S, 43°16'38.56"W, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil] ( MNHN 26036).

Other material examined. PUERTO RICO: Mora : 1 female, 18°27'6.76"N, 66°59'15.86"O (A. Schwartz leg., 22 February 1965, MCZ 700). BRAZIL: Amazonas: 1 female, Benjamin Constant, 4°22'27.79"S, 70° 1'46.99"W (Parko leg., April 1942, MNRJ 2698). Bahia: 1 female, Itamaraju, 17°2'38.00"S, 39°31'48.00"W (J.S. Santos leg., 7 August 1978, MCN 10690). São Paulo: 1 female, Ilha de Búzios, 23°46'35.00"S, 45°21'10.00"W (Zoology department expedition field leg., October 1963, MZSP 11420). Paraná: 1 male, Morretes, 25°28'31.00"S, 48°49'45.00"W (A. A. Lise leg., 9–20 January 1995, MCTP 7092). Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Reserva Biológica do Arvoredo, 27°17'0.00"S, 48°22'0.00"W, 1 female, 16 October 1993, 1 female, 14 October 1994, 1 female, 6 October 1995, all material leg. A.A. Lise ( MCTP 4082, 5120, 7593). Rio Grande do Sul: 1 female, Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo, 27°14'60.00"S, 53°52'0.00"W (R. Ott leg, 4–8 May 2004, MCN 38865); 1 female, Iraí, 27°10'60.00"S, 53°15'0.00"W (S. Scherer leg., 19 November 1975, MCN 8130); 1 female, same locality as previous specimen (A. A. Lise leg., 20 November 1975, MCN 8133); 1 female, Nonoai, Parque Estadual de Nonoai, 27°20'48.63"S, 52°45'59.67"W (A. A. Lise leg., 19–24 January 1989, MCN 13075); 1 female, São Borja, 28°11'2.00"S, 55°38'20.00"W (H. Bischoff leg., 10 November 1979, MCN 8670); 1 female, Itaara, 29°34'60.00"S, 53°46'60.00"W (E. L. C. Silva leg., 23 November 2006, MCTP 28508); 1 male, Santa Maria, Cidade dos Meninos, 29°40'41.58"S, 53°43'17.89"W (C. Kotzian & L. F. Indrusiak leg., 7 November 1995, MCTP 10470); 1 female, Novo Hamburgo, 29°41'0.00"S, 51° 7'60.00"W (C. J. Becker leg., 17 June 1986, MCTP 15170); 2 males, same locality as previous specimen (17 June 1988, MCTP 240); 1 female, São Leopoldo, 29°46'0.00"S, 51° 9'0.00"W (C. J. Becker leg., 19–30 July 1982, MCN 10645); 1 female, same locality as previous specimen (A. B. Bonaldo leg., 12 May 1992, MCN 24756); 1 female, Glorinha, 29°52'48.00"S, 50°47'45.00"W (A. B. Bonaldo leg., 14 July 2000, MCN 33052); 1 female, Triunfo, 29°55'60.00"S, 51°42'60.00"W (M. A. L. Marques leg., 28 November 1989, MCN 18999); 1 male, Eldorado do Sul, 30°6'41.38"S, 51°37'50.68"W (A. Braul & C. Aveiróz leg., 18–19 September 1993, MCTP 4133); 1 female, Cachoeira do Sul, 30°1'60.00"S, 52°53'60.00"W (R. G. Buss leg., 27 May 1995, MCTP 6100); 1 female, Porto Alegre, Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, 30°1'60.00"S, 51°12'0.00"W (I. Heidrich leg., 26 August 1999, MCN 31483); 1 female (8 July 1999, MCN 31337); 1 male, Viamão, 30° 4'60.00"S, 51° 1'60.00"W (N. J. Ferla leg., 8 December 1992, MCTP 2826); 1 female, same locality as previous specimen (A. Braul leg., 10 October 1993, MCTP 3933); 1 male, same locality as previous specimen (A. A. Lise leg., 17 December 1995, MCTP 8092); 1 male, São Sepé, 30°10'0.00"S, 53°34'0.00"W (E. C. Costa leg., 6 February 1994, MCTP 10246).

Diagnosis. Females of T. caudatus resemble those of T. pustulosus in the brownish body coloration ( Figs 1–2 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ), presence of remarkable setiferous tubercles on femora I and II—the dorsal and lateral tubercles are long and conical, while the ventral tubercles are short and rounded. However, females of T. caudatus differ from T. pustulosus and other species of Tobias by the reddish coloration of the ventral setiferous tubercles of femora I and II ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ), by the narrow median septum on epigynum, and by the lateral folds delimiting the median field ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Males can be distinguished by yellowish granules on prosoma, yellow half-moon shaped spots on the dorsum of the opisthosoma ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ), RTA canoe-shaped, deeper, with larger borders than in other species of Tobias and by the DTA with curvature directed upwards ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ).

Description. Female (from Santa Catarina; MCTP 7593): Anterior eye row recurved and posterior row slightly procurve. Prosoma brown with irregular dark-brown spots on the dorsal and lateral regions ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ). Posterior slope slightly lighter than other regions of the prosoma. Clypeus height 0.65. Chelicerae with three teeth on the promargin and two on the retromargin ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Coloration of chelicera and palp as in prosoma. Sternum, endites and labium reddish-brown. Sternum covered by needle-shaped and feather-shaped setae, scutiform, with anterior margin concave. Endites rounded, with scarce setae on promargin and labium short. Cuneiform opisthosoma with anterior margin slightly concave and three posterior projections, being a pair of lateral projections with the apex directed forward, and a median projection rounded and long ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ). Abdominal surface rough, granular, dark-brown on the dorsum and light-brown on the anterior lateral margins and along the median projection ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ). Legs in transverse view square-like, with brown spotted coloration and distinct yellow parts at the distal portion of femur I and proximal portion of tibia I. All femora are covered with setiferous tubercles, with the biggest ones on femora I. The setiferous tubercles on the dorsum and lateral sides of the femora are long and conical, whereas those on the ventral portion of femora I and II are short and rounded and reddish-brown. Tibiae and metatarsi I and II have three pairs of ventral macrosetae. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi show a dorsal depression containing a group of trichobothriae and surrounded by many duster-shaped setae (sensorial pit) ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Tarsi ending in scarce scopula. All tarsal claws strongly curved with the first tooth longer and stronger than the remaining teeth ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Epigynum with lateral folds delimiting the median field, copulatory openings separated by a median septum, joined with the lateral folds in the anterior region ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Copulatory ducts long with two pairs of kidney-shaped spermatecae, primary spermatecae are at least two times larger than the secondary pair, with porous surface ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Measurements: eyes diameters and eyes interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.18, PME 0.15, PLE 0.14, AME-AME 0.40, AME-ALE 0.20, PME-PME 0.54, PME-PLE 0.24. MOQ length 0.70, MOQ posterior width 0.65, MOQ anterior width 0.64; leg formula: 1243: leg I—femur 5.92/ patella 3.17/ tibia 3.84/ metatarsus 2.92/ tarsus 2.00/ total 17.85; II—5.92/ 3.25/ 3.42/ 2.50/ 1.34/ 16.43; III—2.50/ 1.75/ 1.75/ 1.34/ 0.83/ 8.17; IV— 2.58/ 1.84/ 2.08/ 1.58/ 1.08/ 9.16. Total length 15.42, prosoma length 5.92, width 5.75, opisthosoma length 9.50, clypeus height 0.78, sternum length 2.35, width 1.95, endites length 1.44, width 0.83, labium length 0.86, width 0.99.

Male (from Eldorado do Sul; MCTP 4133): Anterior and posterior eye rows as in female. Tegument above the ALE presents tiny horns ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ). Prosoma coloration darker than in the female. Sternum, endites and labium as in female. Patterns of coloration of the opisthosoma as in female, albeit lighter. Lateral projections on the opisthosoma straight and slightly shorter than in females. Legs I and II reddish-brown with some dark spots. Dorsal and lateral setiferous tubercles of legs as in female, ventral tubercles absent. Legs shape and tarsal claw as in females. Palp with discoid tegulum with transversal furrow at seven o’clock position ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Embolus long, filiform, emerging from tegulum at six o’clock position, running two and a half circles around the tegulum. RTA canoe-shaped, joined with DTA, which is hook-like, short, acute and curved upwards ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 5 – 11 ). Measurements: eyes diameters and eyes interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.07, PME 0.08, PLE 0.05, AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.12. MOQ length 0.26, MOQ posterior width 0.24, MOQ anterior width 0.24; leg formula: 1243: leg I—femur 1.09/ patella 0.72/ tibia 0.80/ metatarsus 0.65/ tarsus 0.47/ total 3.73; II—1.03/ 0.60/ 0.71/ 0.62/ 0.52/ 3.48; III—0.59/ 0.37/ 0.45/ 0.34/ 0.31/ 2.06; IV—0.66/ 0.36/ 0.44/ 0.37/ 0.30/ 2.13; total length 3.28, prosoma length 1.50, width 1.39, opisthosoma length 1.78, clypeus height 0.28, sternum length 0.66, width 0.60, endites length 0.30, width 0.16, labium length 0.18, width 0.30.

Variation. Besides sexual dimorphism in the coloration of the opisthosoma ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ), the females (e.g. MCTP 6100) might have a darker prosoma and opisthosoma, and no yellow spots on legs. The median projection of the opisthosoma may be longer and acute ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ).

Distribution. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul to Amazonas) and Puerto Rico ( Mora ) ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 18 – 24 ).

MNHN

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

MCZ

Museum of Comparative Zoology

MNRJ

Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro

MZSP

Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo

MCTP

Museu de Ciencias

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Thomisidae

Genus

Tobias

Loc

Tobias caudatus Mello-Leitão, 1929

Machado, Miguel, Teixeira, Renato Augusto & Lise, Arno Antonio 2015
2015
Loc

Tobias caudatus Mello-Leitão, 1929 : 88

Mello-Leitao 1929: 88
1929
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