Phtheochroa apenninana, Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017

Zlatkov, Boyan & Huemer, Peter, 2017, Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 368, pp. 1-25 : 12-14

Phtheochroa apenninana sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:12684A15-E318-488F-9908-F8D8541C089C

Figs 1G , 2D , 3D , 4 F–G, 6C–D, 9, 10; Table 1

Diagnosis

Externally, P. apenninana sp. nov. resembles P. schawerdae but the male genitalia are different. The vesica in P. apenninana sp. nov. has a larger right part than in P. schawerdae ; the angle between the axes of the phallus and right diverticulum is smaller (maximum 90°) than in P. schawerdae (100–120°). The phallic process in P. apenninana sp. nov. is shorter, wider and not strongly curved; the opposite is the case in P. schawerdae . Both the wing colouration and male genitalia distinguish P. apenninana sp. nov. from P. alpinana sp. nov., P. frigidana and P. cantabriana sp. nov. The vesicae of P. apenninana sp. nov. and P. cantabriana sp. nov. are similar but the angle between the axes of phallus and right diverticulum in P. cantabriana is larger.

Etymology

The specific name is a feminine adjective derived from the name of the Apennines.

Material examined

Holotype

ITALY: ♂, pinned, with partially spread wings, slightly worn, four labels: // Italia , Prov. L’Aquila NP Gran Sasso ex Miniera di Lignite 13°42,8′ E, 42°25,6′ N 1750 m, 14- 15.7.2010 leg. Huemer TLMF 2010-020 // BC TLMF Lep 01572 [green label] // Gen. prep. ♂ 1/14- 15.7.2010 [genitalia slide number] // HOLOTYPE Phtheochroa apenninana Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017 [red label] // ( TLMF).

Paratype

ITALY: 1 ♂, pinned, with partially spread wings, slightly worn, four labels: // Italia, Prov. L’Aquila NP Gran Sasso, Campo Imperatore, E Observatorio 13°34,4′ E, 42°26,9′ N 2010 m, 13.7.2010 leg. Huemer TLMF 2010-020 // BC TLMF Lep 03037 [green label] // Gen. prep. ♂ 1/ 13.7.2010 [genitalia slide number] // PARATYPE Phtheochroa apenninana Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017 [red label] // ( TLMF).

Description

Male ( Fig. 1G )

HEAD. Frons devoid of scales (worn specimens), vertex yellow brown, labial palps creamy. Antennae with scapus and pedicellus brown dorsally and creamy ventrally, flagellum with creamy scales.

THORAX. Dorsally, including tegulae, with yellow and brown scales, ventrally whitish, fore- and middle legs brown, hindlegs white. Forewing length 7.2–7.4 mm (n =2), upperside deep yellow, with remnants of rust dorsal blotch, cilia concolorous with upperside, underside dark grey, with white scales in costal area. Hindwing upper- and underside dark grey, with white costal area and white longitudinal line between veins M 1 and M 2 starting from discal cell and ending in cilia.

ABDOMEN. Grey.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 2D ). Valva with weak curvature, appears slender but this may be due to preparation. Rest of valva, uncus and socii very similar to those of P. schawerdae . Transtilla ( Fig. 3D ) large, round. Phallus ( Fig. 6 C–D) slightly curved ventrally, with wide and blunt medioventral process ( Fig. 4 F–G), with apex curved to the right. Vesica in general resembles that of P. schawerdae , with large main part protruded at right from sclerotized phallus and two large diverticula bearing long, robust cornuti. Small, conical undulating structure (diverticulum) emerges ventrally from main part. Gonopore located dorsally, surrounded by semicylindrical sclerotized plate with minute, lentiform tubercles. Main part medially constricted by circular furrow in which gonopore is sunk. Portion located distally of furrow very large, heart-shaped in dorsal view. Main part of vesica looks ovoid in lateral left view. Diverticula emerge from right portion in opposing directions, right one straight, emerging from ventral half of right part and directed laterally, left one curved and also pointed laterally. Length and orientation of diverticula relatively constant. Axes of right diverticulum and sclerotized phallus form an angle of maximum 90°. Cornuti aciculate, capitate, of equal length, left one slightly bent. Barely discernible acanthae present on left portion of main part of vesica and at end of diverticula.

Female

Unknown.

Molecular data ( Table 1 , Fig. 9 )

BIN URI: BOLD:ACA9597. The maximum intraspecific divergence of the barcode region is 0% (n= 2). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour, P. schawerdae from the Dinaric Mts is 3.69%.

Ecology

Preimaginal stages and larval host plant are unknown. The moths fly in July. Habitat: the type material was collected in alpine grassland above the treeline.

Distribution ( Fig. 10 )

Apennine Mountains.

Figures

Fig. 1. Adults of Phtheochroa spp. A–D. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. ♂, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts. B. ♂, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. ♀, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. D. ♂, Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – E–F. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. E. Holotype, ♂. F. Paratype, ♀. – G. P. apenninana sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., ♂, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana, Andorra, Pyrenees. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype, ♂. J. Paratype, ♂. Scale bar = 5 mm, all to scale.

Fig. 2. Male genitalia (without phalli) of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. B. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – C. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype. – E. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – F. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, holotype. Scale bar = 250 µm, all to scale.

Fig. 3. Transtilla of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov., Bulgaria, Rila Mts. – C. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype. – E. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – F. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, paratype. Scale bar = 250 µm, all to scale.

Fig. 4. Ventral phallic process of Phtheochroa spp., ventral view. A–C. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A–B. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – D–E. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. D. Holotype. E. Paratype. – F–G. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. F. Paratype. G. Holotype. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype. J. Paratype. Scale bar = 100 µm, all to scale.

Fig. 6. Phalli with vesica everted of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – C–D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype.A, C: left. B, D: dorsal. Abbreviations: dd = dorsal diverticulum; vd = ventral diverticulum; other abbreviations as in Fig. 5. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Fig. 9. Maximum likelihood tree (built with MEGA6) of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragments. Values at the nodes are bootstrap support values based on 500 replicates.

Fig. 10. Distribution of the Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. species complex based on examined material.