Zeuneria biramosa Sjöstedt, 1929

Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Liu, Chunxiang & Volleth, Marianne, 2014, Taxonomic, bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tettigonioidea from Eastern Congo (Insecta: Orthoptera), Zootaxa 3785 (3), pp. 343-376 : 361

Zeuneria biramosa Sjöstedt, 1929

[A] CH 5013–17 5 ♂♂, CH 5011–2 3 ♀♀ and some isolated tegmina (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; CH 4988, CH 5006–7)

The large and colourful species ( Fig. 1 G; see OSF for more photographs of our specimens) was quite common at Irangi. It could be identified easily according to the cerci figures of three species ( Z. melanopeza , Z. longicercus , Z. biramosa ) as given by Sjöstedt (1929). The type and only known specimen (female) of Z. centralis Rehn, 1914 is smaller than our (and all other known) specimens ( Table 7 ). In the male of Z. biramosa , the second abdominal segment is unusually large, carrying on top many glands (?) with hairs. Its posterior edge is curved upwards. Similar structures can be found also on the much smaller first abdominal segment.

Song. The calling song was heard only at night. It consisted of single, isolated syllables ( Fig. 12 ) produced at relatively large intervals (in the laboratory 20–30 s). The narrow-banded spectrum has an extraordinarily low peak at 3.7 kHz with a second harmonic of varying intensity at 7.4 kHz ( Fig. 4 ; 500 Hz high pass filter). The peaks in the spectrum at 0.6 and 2 kHz result from continuous background noise. Due to our limited equipment the presence of ultrasonic components cannot be excluded, but the shape of the spectrum below 10 kHz should be correct.

The stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegmen showed no irregularities ( Fig. 5 D; CH 5007: ca. 128 teeth; interval in the middle 65µm) and is in tooth number similar to Zeuneria melanopeza (125 teeth; Leroy 1970). The lower right tegmen shows a large, transparent mirror ( Fig. 5 C). Its diameter is slightly larger than in the species Aerotegmina kilimandjarica Hemp with a similarly low-frequent song, but much smaller body size (Heller et al. 2010).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus. A— Horatosphaga leggei, B— Pardalota asymmetrica, C— Pardalota asymmetrica, ♀ nymph, D— Arantia congensis ♂ CH 4991, E— Arantia congensis ♀ CH 4943, F— Arantia congensis ♀ nymph, G— Zeuneria biramosa, H—? Tetraconcha sp. ♀ (A, F photos Alois Liegl).

FIGURE 4. Frequency spectra of calling songs. In Horatosphaga leggei, the black line respresents the evaluation of a 50 ms part of the song during the production of microsyllables A, the solid part that of a 50 ms part during the production of macrosyllables (same scale).

FIGURE 5. A—Stridulatory file of Horatosphaga leggei (articulation below), B—Base of right tegmen of Horatosphaga leggei, C—Base of right tegmen of Zeuneria biramosa, D—Stridulatory file of Zeuneria biramosa (articulation below). Scales 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 12. Oscillograms of the calling songs of phaneropterine species (1 s sequence).