Zanclea alba ( Meyen, 1834 )

Calder, Dale R., 2013, Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA, Zootaxa 3648 (1), pp. 1-72 : 10

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1

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lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22089255-436A-4DBB-BD93-1D3C8CF281FE

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scientific name

Zanclea alba ( Meyen, 1834 )
status

 

Zanclea alba ( Meyen, 1834) View in CoL

Fig. 1d View FIGURE 1

Acrochordium album Meyen, 1834: 165 View in CoL , pl. 28, fig. 8.

Type locality. North Atlantic Ocean: near the Azores, on Fucus natans (= Sargassum natans ) ( Meyen 1834).

Voucher material. Fort Pierce Inlet State Park , 27°28’29.5”N, 80°17’25.8”W, on stranded Sargassum fluitans , 14.vii.2012, 28° C, 35‰, collected manually, two colonies, with medusa buds, coll. D.R. Calder, ROMIZ B3961 GoogleMaps .

Remarks. The generic name Zanclea Gegenbaur, 1856 , although predated by Acrochordium Meyen, 1834 and Mnestra Krohn, 1853 , has been conserved by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1994). A genus once erroneously thought monospecific ( Calder 1988), 14 nominal species have been assigned to it by Bouillon et al. (2006) and 34 by Schuchert (2012a). One of these, Z. alba ( Meyen, 1834) , is common on the holopelagic gulfweeds Sargassum natans and especially S. fluitans in the North Atlantic ( Calder 1995), and is recorded here from the study area. Colonies of Z. alba usually occur within inner and older parts of the algal thallus (e.g., on “stems”), and especially on colonies of the cheilostome bryozoan Membranipora tuberculata . That microhabitat on gulfweed may offer increased shelter and reduced risk of desiccation. Species of Zanclea tend to be substrate specialists, occurring in association with bryozoans, bivalves, or corals (e.g., Boero et al. 2000; Fontana et al. 2012).

The binomen Zanclea alba is still relatively obscure, having been largely overlooked until the late 20 th century ( Calder 1988). The following original reports of hydroids from Sargassum are likely to have been based on this species: Clava amphorata Bosc, 1797 from the North Atlantic ( Bosc 1797: 9); Zanclea alba ( Meyen, 1834) from Bermuda ( Calder 1988, 1995) and Belize ( Calder 1991b, c); Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1856 from the Tortugas ( Mayer 1910: 88), Texas ( Deevey 1950: 349; Defenbaugh & Hopkins 1973: 47), Colombia ( Fraser 1947: 3), and Belize ( Spracklin 1982: 240); Gemmaria costata ( Gegenbaur, 1856) from North Carolina ( Fraser 1912b: 346) and the Atlantic Ocean off both Nantucket and Cape Hatteras ( Fraser 1943: 86); Zanclea gemmosa McCrady, 1859 from off Martha’s Vineyard ( Fraser 1944: 44); Gemmaria gemmosa ( McCrady, 1859) from the Tortugas ( Mayer 1900: 35) and from Woods Hole ( Hargitt 1908: 105); Zanclea sp. from Puerto Rico ( Wedler & Larson 1986); Gemmaria from the western North Atlantic (Burkenroad, in Parr 1939: 24). So too is Murbach’s (1899) mistaken report of Corynitis agassizii McCrady, 1859 from pelagic Sargassum in Vineyard Sound. Hargitt (1908) correctly determined that Murbach’s hydroid was a species of Gemmaria McCrady, 1859 (= Zanclea ) and not C. agassizii (= Sphaerocoryne agassizii ).

The life cycle of Zanclea alba includes a medusa having two well-developed tentacles, with cnidophores, at liberation ( Calder 1988). At that stage, gonads were undeveloped. Medusae have not been reared further in the laboratory, and hydroids of Z. alba have not been clearly linked as yet to any known adult medusa. While such medusae must exist in the Sargasso Sea, given the abundance and pelagic substrate of the hydroid, no medusoid species of Zanclea were reported from the oceanic realm of the North Atlantic by Kramp (1959, 1961). Medusae described as Zanclea costata from the plankton at the Tortugas by Mayer (1910) may be Z. alba , but they could also be from hydroids of another species of Zanclea in the region.

The nematocyst complement of this hydroid comprises stenoteles of two size classes, while that of its juvenile medusa includes stenoteles and macrobasic euryteles ( Calder 1988; Galea 2008).

Reported distribution. Atlantic coast of Florida. First record.

Western Atlantic. New England, on floating Sargassum ( Hargitt 1908, as Gemmaria gemmosa ), to the Caribbean Sea ( Calder 1991c), including Bermuda ( Calder 1988) and the Gulf of Mexico ( Defenbaugh & Hopkins 1973, as Zanclea costata ).

Elsewhere. Eastern Atlantic , near the Azores ( Meyen 1834) .

Boero, F., Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. (2000) A survey of Zanclea, Halocoryne and Zanclella (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Zancleidae) with description of new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 67, 93 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000009356301

Bosc, L. A. G. (1797) Description des objets nouveaux d'histoire naturelle, trouves dans une traversee de Bordeaux a Charles- Town. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 2, 9 - 10.

Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 1 - 591.

Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107.

Calder, D. R. (1991 b) Abundance and distribution of hydroids in a mangrove ecosystem at Twin Cays, Belize, Central America. Hydrobiologia, 216 / 217, 221 - 228. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00026466

Calder, D. R. (1991 c) Associations between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal at Twin Cays, Belize. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 2067 - 2074. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 91 - 288

Calder, D. R. (1995) Hydroid assemblages on holopelagic Sargassum from the Sargasso Sea at Bermuda. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56, 537 - 546.

Deevey, E. S. Jr. (1950) Hydroids from Louisiana and Texas, with remarks on the Pleistocene biogeography of the western Gulf of Mexico. Ecology, 31, 334 - 367. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1931490

Defenbaugh, R. E. & Hopkins, S. H. (1973) The occurrence and distribution of the hydroids of the Galveston Bay, Texas, area. Texas A & M University, TAMU-SG- 73 - 210, 202 pp.

Fontana, S., Keshavmurthy, S., Hsieh, H. J., Denis, V., Kuo, C. - Y., Hsu, C. - M., Leung, J. K. L., Tsai, W. - S., Wallace, C. C. & Chen, C. A. (2012) Molecular evidence shows low species diversity of coral-associated hydroids in Acropora corals. PLoS ONE, 7 (11), e 50130. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0050130

Fraser, C. M. (1912 b) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387.

Fraser, C. M. (1943) Distribution records of some hydroids in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 22, 75 - 98.

Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp.

Fraser, C. M. (1947) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Caribbean Sea Expedition. Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition Report, 4, 1 - 24.

Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878, 1 - 54.

Gegenbaur, C. (1856) Versuch eines Systemes der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Formen; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna des Mittelmeeres. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 8, 202 - 273. [Note: while the Title Page of Volume 8 shows a publication date of 1857, Inhalt des achten Bandes two pages following reveals that Zweites Heft containing Gegenbaur's article was published 12 July 1856.]

Hargitt, C. W. (1908) Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Holl. Biological Bulletin, 14, 95 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535721

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1994) Opinion 1752. Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1856 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): generic and specific names conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 51, 54 - 55.

Kramp, P. L. (1959) The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana-Report, 46, 1 - 283.

Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400007347

Krohn, A. (1853) Ueber die Natur des kuppelformigen Anhanges am Leibe von Phyllirhoe bucephalum. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 19, 278 - 281.

Mayer, A. G. (1900) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82.

Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Vol. I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication, 109, 1 - 230.

McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221.

Meyen, F. J. F. (1834) Beitrage zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde. Funfte Abhandlung. Uber das Leuchten des Meeres und Beschreibung einiger Polypen und anderer niederer Thiere. Novorum Actorum Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 16, 125 - 216.

Murbach, L. (1899) Hydroids from Wood's Holl, Mass. Hypolytus peregrinus, a new unattached marine hydroid: Corynitis agassizii and its medusa. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, new series, 42, 341 - 360.

Parr, A. E. (1939) Quantitative observations on the pelagic Sargassum vegetation of the western North Atlantic with preliminary discussion of morphology and relationships. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 6 (7), 1 - 94.

Schuchert, P. (2012 a) World Hydrozoa database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa (accessed 20 July 2012)

Spracklin, B. W. (1982) Hydroidea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. In: Rutzler, K. & Macintyre, I. G. (Eds.), The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. I. Structure and communities. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12, pp. 239 - 251.

Wedler, E. & Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21, 69 - 101. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528609360698

Gallery Image

FIGURE 1. a, Pennaria disticha: part of hydrocaulus with annulated pedicel and juvenile hydranth, ROMIZ B1118; scale equals 0.5 mm. b, Cladocoryne floccosa: stem and hydranth, ROMIZ B1114, scale equals 0.5 mm. c, Velella velella: juvenile, left-sailing form, ROMIZ B1113, scale equals 1 mm. d, Zanclea alba: pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B3961, scale equals 0.25 mm. e, Solanderia gracilis: tip of branch with three hydranths, ROMIZ B3962, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Turritopsis fascicularis: pedicel and hydranth with medusa bud, ROMIZ B1106, scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Parawrightia robusta: part of pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B1110, scale equals 0.25 mm. h, Bimeria vestita: pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B1116, scale equals 0.25 mm. i, Eudendrium carneum: part of hydrocaulus with pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B3960, scale equals 0.25 mm.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Cnidaria

Class

Hydrozoa

Order

Anthoathecata

Family

Zancleidae

Genus

Zanclea