Trichotichnus (s. str.) anthracinus Landin, 1955

Kataev, Boris M., Hongbin, Liang & Wrase, David W., 2022, New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies, Zootaxa 5159 (3), pp. 301-353 : 304-309

Trichotichnus (s. str.) anthracinus Landin, 1955

( Figs. 1–7 )

Trichotichnus anthracinus Landin, 1955: 456 .

Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) ellipticus Ito, 2014: 310 .

Type material examined. Holotype of T. anthracinus : female, “N. E. Burma Kambaiti , 7000 ft, 4–8/6 1934, R. Malaise ”, “Typus”, “ Trichotichnus anthracinus Ldn., B. O. Landin det.”, “ Trichotichnus (s. str.) anthracinus Landin Det. N. Ito 1994 ”, “NHRS-JLKB 000041167”, “5692 E91 +”, “Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet Stockholm Loan no 461/93” ( NRM).

Additional material examined. Myanmar. KACHIN: 2 males, Three River Junction (Thone chaung sone) 2044 m, 26°23′12.6′′N 98°39′36.3′′E (at light), 2.X.2010, M. Langer, S. Naumann & S. Löffler leg. (cWR) .

China. YUNNAN: 4 males, 6 females, Nujiang Pref., Nujiang State Nature Reserve , No. 12 bridge Camp Area , 16.3 km W of Gongshan, 27.71503°N 98.50244°E, 2775 m, 15–19.VII.2000, Stop #00-23 F, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 3 males, 4 females, Nujiang State Nature Reserve, Dongshaofang area , 18–20 km W of Gongshan, 27.69504°N 98.48423°E, 3230–3300 m, 16–17.VII.2000, Stop #00-24 B, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold., H.B. Liang, D. Ubick, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 10 males, 6 females, Gongshan Co., No. 12 Bridge to Dulongjiang , 27°42'54"N 98°30'08"E, 2770 m, 30.IV.2002, H.B. Liang, W. Ba, X. Li leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 5 males, 6 females, same data but 1.V.2002 ( IOZ, CAS) ; 9 males, 9 females, same data but 2.V.2002 ( IOZ, CAS) ; 12 males, 6 females, same data but 3.V.2002 ( IOZ, CAS) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Cikai, Qiqi to No. 12 bridge, 27.70401°N 98.49609°E, 2955 m, 26.IX.2007, day, H.B. Liang & H.L. Shi leg. ( IOZ) ; 9 males, 15 females, Gongshan, Cikai , No. 12 bridge, 27.71660°N 98.50321°E, 2775 m, 28.IX.2007, day, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 1 female, Gongshan Co., Cikai township, 16.8 km W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road at Heiwadi , 2150 m, 27.79584°N 98.58443°E, 10.X.2002, D. Kavanaugh et al leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Cikai Town, 41 km W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road at Dabadi , 3000 m, 27.79655°N 98.50562°E, 27.IX.– 6.X.2002, D. Kavanaugh et al. ( IOZ) ; 2 females, Gongshan, Cikai Town, Dabadi , riverside, 27°47'48"N 98°30'21"E, 3000 m, 30.IX.2002, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Cikai Town, Heiwadi , roadside, 27°47'40"N 98°35'21"E, 2010 m, 10.X.2002, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, same data but riverside, 27°47'42"N 98°35'10"E, 2000 m, 4.X.2002, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, same data but roadside, 23.IX.2002, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, Gongshan Co., Cikai Town, Shuanglawa , 27°47'40N 98°35'21"E, 1848 m, 5.X.2002, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Cikai Town, Heiwadi —Dabadi, 27°45'24"N 98°34'56"E, 2470 m, 10.X.2002, X. Li leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, 2 females, Gongshan, Heiwadi, on new road to Dulongjiang , 27°47'39"N 98°35'13"E, 2020 m, 20.IV.2002, H.B. Liang, W. Ba, G. Yang, X.Q. Li leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 1 male; Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Gaoligong Shan , 9 km W Gongshan, 2660 m, 27°45'33''N 98°34'34''E, under stones along pass road [23], 7.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase leg. (cWR) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Kongdang , roadside, 27.87696°N 98.33587°E, 1525 m, 25.X.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Bapo , roadside, 27.73902°N 98.34975°E, 1412 m, 3.XI.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, same data but 27.7°N 98.3°E, 1800 m, 20–25.VII.2002, X. Li leg. ( IOZ) ; 2 females, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Moqiewang He , 27.91040°N 98.41076°E, 2185 m, 8.XI.2004, D. Kavanaugh, M. Dixon leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 4 males, 3 females, Gongshan Co., Danzhu , along road, 27°37'50"N 98°37'14"E, 2600 m, 14.IV.2002, H.B. Liang, W. Ba leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 14 males, 28 females, Gongshan Co., Dongshaofang —Yakou, 27°41'40"N 98°28'47"E, 3400 m, 1.V.2002, H.B. Liang, W. Ba, G. Yang, X.Q. Li leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Bingzhongluo, Gongdangshen Shan , 27°59'51"N 98°37'07"E, 2480 m, 24.IV.2002, H.B. Liang et al. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gongshan Co., Shuanglahe, on road to Bingzhongluo , 27°58'59"N 98°39'15"E, 1588 m, 25.IV.2002, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 4 males, 2 females, N Weixi, left tributary of Luozhua , 4 km NW Laboluo Village, 27°42'33"N 98°57'26"E, 14.VI.2015, 3065 m, I. Belousov, I. Kabak leg. (cB&K, ZIN) ; 1 female, Fugong Co., Lishadi Town , 0.5 km below Shibali, 27.16520°N 98.77980°E, 2530 m, 5.VIII.2005, H.B. Liang, G. Tang leg. ( IOZ) ; 4 males, 9 females, Fugong, Lishadi, Shibali , around hotel, 27.16530°N 98.77980°E, 2530 m, 4.VIII.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 3 females, Fugong, Lishadi Town, Shibali , around hotel, 27.16536°N 98.78003°E, 2535 m, 5–6.VIII.2005, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( IOZ) ; 2 males, 1 female, same data but 27.16520°N 98.77980°E, 2530 m, 5.V.2004, H.B. Liang, X.-Y. Li leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, 1 female, Fugong, Lishadi Town, Shibali , 1 km up, roadside, 27.17084°N 98.76983°E, 2687 m, 1.V.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 5 males, 7 females, Fugong, Lishadi Town , 1 km above Shibali on Yaping road, 27.17084°N 98.76983E, 2687 m, 2.V.2004, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 3 females, same data but Shibali , 2 km up, roadside, 27.17156°N 98.77098°E, 2733 m, 1.V.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 2 males, Fugong, Lishadi town, 2 km down Shibali , 27.16276°N 98.78927°E, 2430 m, 6.VIII.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, Fugong, Lishadi Town , 2 km E Shibali, roadside, 27.16100°N 98.79370°E, 2300 m, 18.VIII.2005, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, Fugong, Lishadi town, Shibali , 1.5 km down road, 27.16284°N 98.78989°E, 2420 m, 2.V.2004, H.B. Liang, G.X. Peng leg. ( CAS) ; 3 males, 2 females, Fugong Co., Lishadi Town , 4 km below Shibali, road, 27.15727°N 98.79784°E, 2280 m, 11.VIII.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 1 male, Fugong, Lishadi Town , 2.8 km W Shibali, road, 27.17405°N 98.76722°E, 2750 m, 9.VIII.2005, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, 3 females, Fugong, Lishadi town, 4 km up Shibali , roadside, 27.17750°N 98.75508°E, 2820 m, 3.V.2004, H.B. Liang, M. Xie leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 21 males, 14 females, Fugong, Lishadi Town, Shibali on Yaping road, roadside, 27.16786°N 98.77741°E, 2560 m, 1.V.2004, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold leg. ( IOZ, CAS, ZIN) ; 1 female, same data but 3.V.2004 ( IOZ) ; 2 females, Fugong, Lishadi Town , 0.3 km above Shibali on Yaping road, 27.16636°N 98.77667°E, 2563 m, 4.V.2004, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold leg. ( IOZ) ; 2 females, same data but 27.16337°N 98.78208°E, 2475 m, 7.V.2004, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Fugong Co., Lishadi Town, Shibali , on Yaping road, roadside, 27.16553°N 98.77854°E, 2550 m, 5.V.2004, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Fugong, Lishadi town, Shibali , roadside, 27.16500°N 98.78008°E, 2504 m, 7.X.2007, day, H.L. Shi, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1male, same data but 5.X.2007 night, H.L. Shi leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, 1 female, Fugong, Lumadeng, Laoshibali , roadside, 27.07831°N 98.77416°E, 2305 m, 15.VIII.2005, H.B. Liang, J.F. Zhang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, same data but D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Fugong Co., Lumadeng , 0.5 km N Laoshibali, 27.08072°N 98.76920°E, 2305 m, 21.VIII.2005, P. Paquin leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Fugong, Lumadeng , 1 km E Laoshibali, river, 27.08141°N 98.78273°E, 2275 m, 15.VIII.2005, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 3 males, 5 females, Fugong Co., Lumadeng, Yaping , Yejiadi , roadside, 27.08004°N 98.77325°E, 2307 m, 10.V.2004, H.B. Liang, B.-X. Zhu leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 1 male, 2 females, NE Fugong , 26°57'09"N 98°54'00"E —26°56'30"N 98°55'14"E, 2160–2690 m, 29.V.2006, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. (cB&K) ; 3 males, W Yunnan, NE Fugong , 26°56'30"N 98°55'14"E —26°56'46"N 98°56'13"E, 2690–3240 m, 30.V.2006, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. (cB&K) ; 2 male, 2 females, SW Weideng , 27°01'04"N 99°01'59"E, 2810 m, 4.VI.2006, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. (cB&K) ; 1 male, Lushui Co., Pianma , 6 km ESE Pianma, river, 26.00808°N 98.6592°E, 2310 m, 15.V.2005, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Lushui Co., Pianma, Fengxue Yakou , road side, 25.97288°N 98.68336°E, 3150 m, 11.V.2005, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, Lushui Co., Pianma, Changyanhe , riverside, 25.99414°N 98.66336°E, 2540 m, 12.V.2005, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, same data but 2454 m, 12.V.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 2 females, same data but 15.V.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, same data but 14. V.2005 ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gaoligong Shan, Pianma summit 3100 m, 25.873956°N 98.683238°E, 28.IX.2013, J. Prena leg. (cJS) ; 4 females, Lushui Co., Luzhang, Fengxue Yakou , road, 25.97347°N 98.68780°E, 3130 m, 17.V.2005, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, same data but 25.97410°N 98.67716°E, 3120 m, 19.V.2005, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, same data but 24.97814°N 98.67508°E, 3088 m, 19.V.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 4 males, 3 females, Lushui Co., Luzhang, Yaojiaping , riverside, 25.97722°N 98.71091°E, 2527 m, 19.V.2005, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 5 males, same data but 20.V.2005 ( IOZ) ; 8 males, 4 females, same data but 25.97526°N 98.71000°E, 2515 m, 20.V.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ, ZIN) ; 2 males, 1 female, Lushui Co., Luzhang, Yaojiaping , roadside, 25.97526°N 98.71000°E, 2515 m, 19.V.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 2 females, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Gaoligong Shan , pass 21 km NW Liuku, 3150 m, 25°58'22"N 98°41'00"E, bamboo/ shrubs, under stones along road, [26], 9.VI.2007, D.W. Wrase leg. (cWR) ; 1 male, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Gaoligong Shan, pass 24 km NW Liuku or 7 km E Pianma , 3150 m, 25°58'22"N 98°41'00"E, bamboo with shrubs, litter sifted [26], 9.VI.2007, A. Pütz leg. (cWR) ; 1 female, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Gaoligong Shan , side valley, 19 km NW Liuku, 2590 m, 25°58'10"N 98°42'27"E, devastated primary forest, litter sifted, [29], 9–10.VI.2007, D.W. Wrase leg. (cWR) ; 1 female, same data but 2730 m, 25°59'02"N 98°42'23"E, [28] (cWR) ; 1 female, same data but under stones along road, [28a] (cWR) ; 1 female, same data but devastated primary forest, litter sifted, [28] (cWR) ; 12 males, 7 females, N Baoshan , 25°30'10"N 99°06'40"E —25°29'26"N 99°06'16"E, 2265–2530 m, 8.V.2006, Belousov & Kabak leg. (cB&K, ZIN) ; 1 male, N Baoshan , 25°29'28"N 99°05'35"E, 2790 m, 9.V.2006, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. (cB&K) ; 1 male, N Baoshan , 25°29'11"N 99°05'21"E, 3195 m, 12.V.2006, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. (cB&K) ; 1 male, Tengchong, Jietou, Datang , Dahelingganjiao , 25.74622°N 98.69612°E, 2030 m, 15.V.2006, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, same data but 25.73947°N 98.69630°E, 2010 m, 14–15.V.2006, D. Kavanaugh, R. Brett leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, same data but 2010 m, 18.V.2006, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( IOZ) ; 4 females, Tengchong, Mingguang No 8 Boundary Post , 25.80984°N 98.62084°E, 2887 m, 23.V.2006, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Tengchong, Houqiao, Gaoshidong , roadside, 25.39858°N 98.30533°E, 2580 m, 27.V.2006, D. Kavanaugh, R. Brett leg. ( CAS) .

Re-description (5 males and 5 females measured). Body length 7.2–7.7 mm. Habitus as in Figs. 1 & 2 .

Body black, shiny on dorsum. Labrum, base of mandibles, palpi, antennae, tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow to brown; femora blackish brown to black.

Head with large and convex eyes (HWmax/PWmax 0.66–0.70, HWmin/PWmax 0.53–0.58, HWmax/HWmin 1.19–1.29). Genae about as wide as antennomere 2 basally. Fronto-ocular furrows distinct, reaching supraorbital furrows. Left mandible sharply bent in the apical quarter, blunted at tip. Mentum and submentum not fused. Ligular sclerite markedly widened apically. Dorsal microsculpture obliterated, consisting of very fine, more or less isodiametric meshes.

Pronotum (PWmax/PL 1.49–1.58), widest before the middle (PWmax/PWmin 1.16–1.26), more strongly narrowed apically than basally, with base slightly longer than apex and with sides almost straightly converging in basal half. Apical margin very shallowly emarginate, basal margin almost straight, both completely bordered. Lateral bead complete, very slightly widened basally. Basal angle obtusangular, sharp at apex, usually with very small obtuse denticle. Disc moderately convex, flattened at basal angles, densely distinctly punctate along base and along sides, occasionally with finer and sparse punctures at apical margin; basal foveae oval, shallow. Microsculpture consisting of obliterated transverse meshes.

Elytra (EL/EW 1.41–1.50, EL/PL 2.88–3.04, EW/PWmax 1.27–1.35) convex, oval, widest in the apical third, with prominent rounded humeri and very shallow preapical sinuations; sutural angle acutangular, sharp or slightly blunted at tip. Internal humeral angle very obtuse. Striae slightly impressed along entire length. Intervals somewhat flat, slightly convex apically. Parascutellar (abbreviate) striole moderately long, with a setigerous pore at base. Interval 3 with a small discal setigerous pore adjacent to stria 2 before the apical third. Marginal umbilicate series more or less continuous or interrupted at the middle. Microsculpture consisting of very fine transverse lines.

Wings fully developed.

Prosternum with very fine short setae. Metepisternum markedly longer than wide, strongly narrowed posteriorly.

Legs relatively short. Protibia on dorsal side without longitudinal sulcus, on outer margin preapically with one stouter and two very thin spines in male and with three comparatively stout spines in female. Tarsi glabrous dorsally, pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–4 in both sexes with comparatively sparse ventro-lateral setae. Metatarsus shorter than HWmax, with tarsomere 1 about as long as tarsomeres 2 and 3 combined. In male, protarsomeres 2 and 3 not elongate, about as long as wide or slightly wider than long, respectively; mesotarsomere 1 shorter than mesotarsomeres 2 and 3 combined, with adhesive scales apically.

Last visible abdominal sternite ( VII) with one pair of marginal setae in male and with two pairs in female, in both sexes rounded at apex (in male more widely).

Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs. 3 & 4 ) in dorsal view wide, almost parallel-sided, in lateral view arcuate, with middle portion of ventral margin almost straight and with apical portion rather sharply bent dorsally, its ventral side edged laterally in apical part and slightly depressed between margins; terminal lamella in dorsal view large, about as long as wide or slightly wider than long, deeply concave, with sides roundly converging to rounded apex. Apical orifice in dorsal position, wide apically. Internal sac with large folded formation in middle portion of median lobe and without spines.

Female genitalia ( Figs. 5 & 6 ): gonocoxite narrow and comparatively long, about 0.7 times as long as gonosubcoxite, with relatively narrow base.

Comparison. Among the Chinese species of the nominotypical subgenus, T. anthracinus is most similar in size and habitus to T. vicinus (Tschitschérine, 1897) and T. miser (Tschitschérine, 1897) . The latter two species easily differ from it in having femora not infuscate, last visible abdominal sternite ( VII) in male with two pairs of marginal setae and median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view not bent dorsally at apex. Trichotichnus miser can also be distinguished from T. anthracinus by more obtuse, almost rounded basal angles of pronotum.

Distribution ( Fig. 7 ). Northeastern India, northeastern Myanmar and South West China (northwestern Yunnan) ( Kataev & Wrase 2017b). According to the examined material, the species occurs at altitudes of 800–3400 m; in Yunnan, it is most common at altitudes of 2000–3000 m.

Remarks. Trichotichnus anthracinus was described from one female ( Fig. 2 ) collected in Kambaiti (northeastern Myanmar), very close to Yunnan Province ( China). Trichotichnus ellipticus was based on one male from Meili in Hengduan Mountains (northwestern Yunnan). Their synonymy was stated on examination of the holotype of T. anthracinus and comparison with the original description of T. ellipticus and with additional material from Myanmar and Yunnan ( Kataev & Wrase 2017a: 18). In the original description ( Ito 2014), T. ellipticus was compared only with T. fukuharai Habu, 1957 .

Figures

FIGURE 7. Trichotichnus anthracinus Landin, 1955, distribution.

FIGURES 1–2. Trichotichnus anthracinus Landin, 1955, habitus (1, Yunnan; 2, Myanmar, holotype). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 3–6. Trichotichnus anthracinus Landin, 1955 (Yunnan). 3, 4, median lobe of aedeagus; 5, gonocoxite; 6, lateroter- gite, gonosubcoxite, and gonocoxite. Lateral (3 & 5), dorsal (4) and ventral (6) views. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm (5 & 6), B = 1.0 mm (3 & 4).