Temnothorax obtusigaster, Prebus, 2021

Prebus, Matthew M., 2021, Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax, PeerJ (e 11514) 9, pp. 1-462 : 107-113

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.7717/peerj.11514
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102483
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054FDB70-FFAD-FFAA-B49C-1FC97C482107
treatment provided by	Diego
scientific name	Temnothorax obtusigaster
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Temnothorax obtusigaster View in CoL sp. nov.

Distribution: Fig. 95D View Figure 95 ; worker & gyne: Fig. 99 View Figure 99 .

Leptothorax sp. nr. silvestrii (in part): Johnson & Ward, 2002: 1023.

Type material examined: Holotype worker: MEXICO: Baja California Sur: 0.4 km S Sierra San Francisco , 27.600000 ° N 113.016667 ° W, 1,100 m, 20 February 1994, R.A. Johnson #BCS 197 , 6 m high 3 cm dead branch Quercus oblongifolia ( CASENT0758654 , bottom specimen on pin) [ CASC]. GoogleMaps

Paratype workers and gyne: same pin as holotype, 1 worker (CASENT0758654, top specimen on pin) [ CASC] ; same data as holotype, 1 dealate gyne, 2 workers (CASENT0869104) [ CASC] 2 workers (CASENT0104939) [ UCDC] 3 workers (MCZENT00561743) [ MCZC] 3 workers (CASENT0758322) [ MCZC] GoogleMaps

Non-type material examined: same data as holotype, 100 workers (CASENT0869070- CASENT0869103) [ RAJC]. GoogleMaps MEXICO: Baja California Sur: 27 km SW Loreto , 9 November 1969, E.M. Fisher & E.L. Sleeper, 1 worker (LACMENT323251) [ LACM] 1 worker (LACMENT323250) [ LACM] GoogleMaps .

Geographic range: Low to mid elevations of Baja California Sur ( Fig. 95D View Figure 95 ).

Worker diagnosis: Temnothorax obtusigaster sp. nov. can be separated from other species in the salvini clade by the following character combination: head relatively broad (CI 86–90); erect setae present on gula; metanotal groove absent; propodeum not depressed; propodeum bearing setae; propodeal spines short, slightly shorter than the propodeal declivity (PSI 28–29); hind femora strongly incrassate (FI 333–406); petiole with short peduncle: peduncle comprising about a third of the total length of the petiole; petiolar node erect and subquadrate, not overhanging the caudal cylinder in profile view; posterior margin of petiolar node indistinct in profile view, much shorter than the dorsal margin; postpetiole narrow (PWI 160–173); first gastral tergite areolate; integument yellow; dorsum of head, mesosoma, waist segments and gaster with erect, short, blunt-tipped setae; legs without erect setae.

Similar species: Temnothorax anaphalantus , T. andrei , T. caguatan , T. carinatus , T. cokendolpheri , T. nitens , T. pilicornis sp. nov., T. pseudandrei ,, T. rugosus , T. subditivus , T. tenuisculptus T. wardi , species of the silvestrii group, other members of the annexus group. Temnothorax obtusigaster sp. nov. can be separated from all of the above species, except for T. anaphalantus , T. rugosus , T. wardi and other members of the annexus group, by the medially emarginate anterior clypeal margin. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from T. caguatan by the 12-segmented antennae, which are 11-segmented in the latter. The erect, subquadrate petiolar node of T. obtusigaster sp. nov. contrasts with the node of T. subditivus , which is squamiform, and the nodes of T. rugosus and T. wardi , which are cuneiform to subcuneiform. The dorsal margin of the mesosoma is continuous in T. obtusigaster sp. nov. (as opposed to sinuate with a depressed propodeum in T. tenuisculptus ). The narrow postpetiole contrasts with the very broad postpetiole of T. pilicornis sp. nov. and T. wardi (PWI 160–173 vs.> 180). The massively incrassate hind femora will separate T. obtusigaster sp. nov. from all species listed above (except for T. subditivus , T. tenuisculptus , T. rugosus , and the annexus group), which have less incrassate hind femora (FI 333–406 in T. obtusigaster sp. nov. vs. <300). Within the annexus group, the following characters distinguish T. obtusigaster sp. nov. from its close relatives: gular region with erect setae, as opposed to absent ( T. quercicola sp. nov.) or present but decumbent ( T. annexus ); head relatively broad (CI 86–90 vs. 80–84 in T. balnearius sp. nov.); a petiole with an indistinct posterior face in lateral view (much shorter than the dorsal face) will separate T. obtusigaster sp. nov. from T. arbustus sp. nov., which has a relatively long posterior face of the petiole; the first gastral tergite of T. obtusigaster sp. nov. is areolate, as opposed to smooth in T. arbustus sp. nov.

Worker measurements & indices (n = 5): SL = 0.743 –0.767 (0.753); FRS = 0.302 –0.332 (0.322); CW = 0.950 –1.026 (0.990); CWb = 0.863 –0.923 (0.898); PoOC = 0.354 –0.375 (0.364); CL = 0.991 –1.051 (1.024); EL = 0.258 –0.300 (0.275); EW = 0.177 –0.223 (0.199); MD = 0.233 –0.278 (0.256); WL = 1.364 –1.433 (1.396); SPST = 0.389 –0.410 (0.399); MPST = 0.412 –0.457 (0.433); PEL = 0.511 –0.526 (0.516); NOL = 0.279 –0.314 (0.300); NOH = 0.169 –0.205 (0.191); PEH = 0.337 –0.390 (0.369); PPL = 0.264 –0.313 (0.293); PW = 0.625 –0.688 (0.658); SBPA = 0.260 –0.310 (0.284); SPTI = 0.322 –0.417 (0.375); PEW = 0.237 –0.264 (0.249); PNW = 0.250 –0.292 (0.276); PPW = 0.407 –0.440 (0.417); HFL = 0.840 –0.877 (0.858); HFWmax = 0.266 –0.293 (0.281); HFWmin = 0.070 –0.081 (0.077); CS = 1.359 –1.442 (1.41); ES = 0.347 –0.405 (0.375); SI = 81–87 (84); OI = 25–28 (27); CI = 86–90 (88); WLI = 150–158 (156); SBI = 30–34 (32); PSI = 28–29 (29); PWI = 160–173 (167); PLI = 164–195 (177); NI = 151–168 (157); PNWI = 105–117 (111); NLI = 54–61 (58); FI = 333–406 (367).

Worker description: In full-face view, head subquadrate, longer than broad (CI 86–90). Mandibles densely, finely striate but shining and armed with five teeth: the apical-most well developed and acute, followed by a less developed preapical tooth and three equally developed smaller teeth. Anterior clypeal margin emarginated medially. Antennal scapes moderately long: when fully retracted, just reaching the posterior margin of the head (SI 81–87). Antennae 12-segmented; antennal club of composed of three segments, with the apical-most segment about one and a half times as long as the preceding two in combination. Frontal carinae short, extending past the antennal toruli by about one and a half times the maximum width of the antennal scape. Compound eyes strongly protruding past the lateral margins of the head capsule. Lateral margin of head weakly convex, forming a continuous arc from the mandibular insertions to the posterior margin of the head. Posterior head margin weakly concave medially but rounding evenly into the lateral margins.

In profile view, compound eyes ovular and large (OI 25–28), with 13 ommatidia in longest row. Pronotal declivity distinct: dorsal margin of anterior face of pronotum marked by a carina; neck and anterior face of pronotum forming a ~110 ° angle. Mesosoma very weakly convex from where it joins the pronotal declivity to the base of the propodeal spines, nearly flat. Promesonotal suture extending from the posterior margin of the procoxal insertion to the mesothoracic spiracle, which is moderately well developed. Metanotal groove visible as a disruption of the sculpture laterally from where it arises between the mid- and hind coxae to where it ends in the poorly developed metathoracic spiracle, which is nearly indistinguishable against the ground sculpture. Propodeal spiracle moderately well developed, directed posterolaterally, and separated from the propodeal declivity by about four spiracle diameters. Propodeal spines moderately well developed, but short (PSI 28–29), slightly shorter than the propodeal declivity, slightly flared at the base, straight, and acute. Propodeal declivity straight, forming a rounded ~100 ° angle with the base of the propodeal spines. Propodeal lobes rounded and weakly developed, but dorsum slightly angulate. Metapleural gland bulla small, extending from the metacoxal insertion a third of the way to the propodeal spiracle. Petiole moderately long (PLI 164–195), with tubercles anterodorsally. Subpetiolar process in the form of a small, acute, triangular tooth which grades evenly into the ventral petiole margin posteriorly; ventral margin of petiole flat posterior to it. Petiolar peduncle short: comprising about a quarter of the total petiole length. Petiolar node robust, erect, and rounded-subquadrate: transition between peduncle and node marked by a rounded angle of ~120 °; anterior face forming a ~100 ° angle with the dorsal face, which is strongly, evenly convex; dorsal face meeting the posterior face at a rounded ~100 ° angle; posterior face forms a ~100 ° angle with the caudal cylinder. Postpetiole convex anteriorly, bulging slightly anterodorsally before flattening posterodorsally; weakly lobed ventrally.

In dorsal view, humeri weakly developed: evenly rounded and slightly wider than the rest of the mesosoma; mesothoracic spiracles weakly protruding past the lateral margins of the mesosoma, visible as slight angles where the pronotum meets the mesonotum. Promesonotal suture represented by a weak sulcus and disruption in the ground sculpture. Metanotal groove represented by a disruption in the ground sculpture. Propodeal spines broadly approximated basally and weakly diverging apically, their apices separated from each other by slightly more than their length, the negative space between them “U” shaped. Petiolar peduncle with spiracles weakly protruding past the lateral margins. Petiolar node subquadrate: anterior margin flat medially, but corners rounding into the lateral margins; lateral margins rounding into the flat posterior margin; node broader than the peduncle, and evenly grading into the caudal cylinder, which is slightly narrower than the node. Postpetiole narrow (PWI 160–173) and subquadrate. Anterior margin of the postpetiole weakly convex, nearly flat, and meets the lateral margins at a rounded ~90 ° angle; lateral margins parallel to each other; posterior corners rounded; posterior margin flat. Metafemur strongly incrassate (FI 333–406).

Sculpture: median clypeal carina present, extending posteriorly to the frontal triangle, and flanked on either side by three equally strong carinae. Lateral clypeal lobes with additional, weaker carinae; ground sculpture shining through weak areolae. Antennal scapes areolate. Cephalic dorsum areolate-rugulose, with rugae over the ground sculpture; concentric costulae surrounding the antennal insertions; overlying sculpture becoming costate between the frontal carinae. Lateral surfaces of head areolate, with rugae over the ground sculpture. Ventral surface of head smooth and shining anteromedially, but otherwise weakly areolate with weak costulae. Pronotal neck weakly areolate. Lateral surfaces mesosoma areolate, with costulae over the ground sculpture; region between the propodeal spiracle and propodeal spines areolate, without costulae. Propodeal declivity areolate, with strigulae overlying the ground sculpture. Dorsal surface of mesosoma predominantly areolate, with rugae overlying the ground sculpture. Femora finely, densely areolate. Petiole uniformly areolate; a weak carina present laterally, extending longitudinally from the petiolar spiracle to the caudal cylinder; weak rugae on all faces of the node, except for the anterior face. Postpetiole uniformly areolate, with weak rugae on the lateral faces. First gastral tergite finely areolate, with sculpture slightly weakening posteriorly; without spectral iridescence. First gastral sternite weakly areolate, without spectral iridescence.

Setae: antennal scapes and funiculi with short, adpressed pilosity. Dorsum of the head, pronotum, waist segments, and gaster with moderately abundant, erect, blunt-tipped setae, the longest of which are about half the width of the compound eye. The head bears ~40, mesosoma ~26, petiole 8, postpetiole ~16, and first gastral tergite ~80 setae. Short, sparse pubescence present over the entire body, but difficult to detect against the densely sculptured integument.

Color: predominantly yellow, with masticatory margin of the mandibles dark brown.

Gyne measurements & indices (n = 1): SL = 0.812; FRS = 0.380; CW = 1.142; CWb = 1.032; PoOC = 0.388; CL = 1.091; EL = 0.336; EW = 0.275; MD = 0.251; WL = 2.047; SPST = 0.416; MPST = 0.496; PEL = 0.626; NOL = 0.291; NOH = 0.251; PEH = 0.505; PPL = 0.355; PW = 1.050; SBPA = 0.554; SPTI = 0.527; PEW = 0.298; PNW = 0.353; PPW = 0.558; HFL = 0.976; HFWmax = 0.245; HFWmin = 0.083; CS = 1.578; ES = 0.474; SI = 79; OI = 30; CI = 95; WLI = 198; SBI = 54; PSI = 20; PWI = 187; PLI = 176; NI = 116; PNWI = 118; NLI = 46; FI = 295.

Gyne description: In full-face view, head subquadrate, slightly longer than broad (CI 95). Mandibles densely striate but shining and armed with five teeth: the apical-most well developed, followed by a less developed preapical tooth and three equally developed smaller teeth. Anterior clypeal margin emarginated medially. Antennal scapes short: when fully retracted, failing to reach the posterior margin of the head capsule by about the maximum width of the scape (SI 79). Antennae 12-segmented; antennal club composed of three segments, with the apical-most segment about one and a half times as long as the e preceding two in combination. Frontal carinae moderately long, extending past the antennal toruli by about two times the maximum width of the antennal scape. Compound eyes strongly protruding past the lateral margins of the head capsule. Lateral margins of head convex behind the compound eyes, but parallel to each other between the mandibular insertions and the compound eyes. Posterior head margin concave medially, rounding evenly into the lateral margins.

In profile view, compound eyes ovular and large (OI 30), with 18 ommatidia in longest row. Mesoscutum rounded evenly anteriorly, covering the dorsal surface of the pronotum, and flat dorsally. Mesoscutellum on the same plane as the mesoscutum and flat dorsally. Posterior margin of metanotum extending slightly past the posterior margin of the mesoscutum. Propodeal spiracle well developed, directed posterolaterally, and separated from the propodeal declivity by about six spiracle diameters. Propodeal spines short and stout (PSI 20), about half as long as the propodeal declivity, tapering evenly from the base, directed posterodorsally, triangular, and blunt. Propodeal declivity straight and flat, forming a rounded ~100 ° angle with the base of the propodeal spines. Propodeal lobes rounded, but slightly angulate dorsally. Metapleural gland bulla small, extending from the metacoxal insertion halfway to the propodeal spiracle. Petiole moderately long (PLI 176), with weakly developed tubercles anterodorsally. Subpetiolar process in the form of a small, acute, triangular tooth, which grades evenly into the ventral margin of the petiole posteriorly. Petiolar peduncle short: comprising about a third of the total petiole length. Petiolar node robust and erect, subquadrate: transition between peduncle and node an evenly rounded ~120 ° angle; anterior face forming a rounded ~90 ° angle with the dorsal face, which evenly convex; dorsal face meeting the posterior face at a ~100 ° angle; posterior face forms a ~120 ° angle with the caudal cylinder. Postpetiole flat anteriorly, bulging slightly anterodorsally before it transitions into the short, flattened posterodorsal face; ventral surface weakly lobed.

In dorsal view, mesoscutum covering pronotum anteriorly, but humeri visible laterally as rounded sclerites. Propodeal spines diverging basally, but parallel apically, their apices separated from each other by about three times their length. Petiolar peduncle with spiracles protruding past the lateral margins, and slightly narrowed anterior to them. Petiolar node transversely ovular, anterior margin slightly broader than posterior margin. Petiolar node tapering apically, slightly wider than the peduncle, and evenly grading into the caudal cylinder, which is about as wide as the node. Postpetiole narrow (PWI 187), anteroposteriorly compressed, and slightly trapezoidal, with anterior broader than posterior. Anterior margin of postpetiole flat, with corners marked by rounded ~80 ° angles as it transitions to the lateral margins; lateral margins slightly converging; posterior corners rounded; posterior margin flat. Metafemur moderately incrassate (FI 295).

Sculpture: median clypeal carina present but fragmented, extending from the anterior margin nearly to frontal triangle, and flanked by multiple equally strong, fragmented carinae. Lateral clypeal lobes with additional weaker carinae; ground sculpture smooth and shining. Antennal scapes finely areolate-costulate. Cephalic dorsum areolate, with coarsely rugose sculpture overlying the ground sculpture, with costae stronger than transverse rugae; concentric costulae surround the antennal insertions. Lateral surfaces of head areolate, with coarsely rugose sculpture overlying the ground sculpture. Ventral surface of head weakly sculptured medially, with weak rugose sculpture laterally. Pronotal neck and anterior face of pronotum weakly areolate. Lateral surface of the pronotum sculptured similarly to the dorsum of the head, with rugae becoming weaker posteriorly; katepisternum and anepisternum weakly areolate, with weak overlying costulae; lateral surface of propodeum rugose, with sculpture becoming smooth over the metapleural gland bulla. Propodeal declivity weakly areolate-strigulate. Mesoscutum with fine costulae over finely areolate ground sculpture. Mesoscutellum mostly smooth and shining, with faint costulae. Metanotum weakly areolate. Propodeum areolate, with overlying strigulae. Femora areolate. Petiole uniformly areolate; strong rugae on all faces of the node. Postpetiole uniformly areolate, with strong overlying rugae. First gastral tergite and sternite uniformly covered in weak areolate sculpture.

Setae: antennal scapes and funiculi with short, decumbent pilosity. Dorsum of the head, pronotum, waist segments, and gaster with moderately abundant, erect, blunt-tipped setae, the longest of which are about the maximum width of the antennal scape. Short, sparse pubescence present over the entire body, but difficult to detect against the densely sculptured integument.

Color: predominantly yellow, with masticatory margin of the mandibles and wing bases dark brown.

Male: Unknown.

Etymology: Morphological, from the Latin ‘obtusus’ (= dull, blurred) + ‘gaster’ (= stomach), in reference to the areolate first gastral tergite and sternite.

Comments: Temnothorax obtusigaster sp. nov. is known from a couple of collections in Baja California Sur, Mexico, both of which were made at low-to-mid elevations in the mountainous interior of the peninsula. Like other species in the annexus group, this species appears to nest in vegetation: a nest was collected from Quercus oblongifolia .