Takashius boettgeri ( Kovács, 2022 )
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5470.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A4270C2-D3F9-404F-91E7-4A73F2A99AE4 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36508782-FF81-DB6C-3288-714B092BFA89 |
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Plazi |
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scientific name |
Takashius boettgeri ( Kovács, 2022 ) |
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Takashius boettgeri ( Kovács, 2022)
Figs 2S View FIGURE 2 , 4O View FIGURE4 , 27A–E View FIGURE 27
Fusus sublamellosus View in CoL n. sp. — Boettger 1906: 47 [non Trophonopsis sublamellosa (Deshayes, 1834) View in CoL ].
Fusus sublamellosus Boettger View in CoL — Zilch 1934: 258, pl. 17, fig. 12 [non Trophonopsis sublamellosa (Deshayes, 1834) View in CoL ].
* Pseudolatirus boettgeri View in CoL new name— Kovács 2022: 80, figs 49–56.
Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 258), SL: 27.1 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, SMF 373160 (old number XII.2262 a), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 17, fig. 12), Figs 27C View FIGURE 27 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .
Illustrated material. NHMW A1426, SL: 27.9 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 4O View FIGURE4 , 27A View FIGURE 27 1 – A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW A1426, SL: 28.6 mm, MD: 10.74 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 27B View FIGURE 27 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW A1426, SL: 26.1 mm, MD: 8.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 27D View FIGURE 27 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1856/0043/0051, SL: 24.00 mm, MD: 8.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 27E View FIGURE 27 1 –E View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0338/0023, SL: 24.2 mm, MD: 8.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 2S View FIGURE 2 .
Additional material. 59 spec., NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0100, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ;
8 spec., NHMW 1867 View Materials /0019/0116, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania) .
Revised description. Medium-sized, slender fusiform shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 35–37°. Protoconch broad conical of three smooth, convex whorls with few, weak riblets close to transition to teleoconch, diameter 1000 μm, height 950 μm. Early teleoconch whorls convex with prominent axial ribs, separated by wider interspaces, crossed by two weak spiral cords on subsutural ramp and two prominent cords along periphery. Later teleoconch whorls moderately convex with deeply incised, shallowly undulating suture. Sculpture of broad, swollen axial ribs separated by narrower interspaces (8–9 ribs on penultimate whorl). Spiral sculpture of prominent primary spiral cords intercalated by much weaker secondary cords (about ten primary and secondary cords on penultimate whorl). Last whorl attaining ~60% of total height, with convex periphery, strongly constricted base; axial ribs fading over base; spiral sculpture of prominent primary and secondary cords, weakening slightly over base; fasciole indistinct. Aperture narrowly pyriform. Columellar callus forming moderately thin rim, sharply delimited from base, indistinct along siphonal canal. Columella moderately excavated in upper half, with three faint columellar folds on abapical half; abapical fold weakest. Anal canal subobsolete. Outer lip not thickened with about eight prominent lirae extending deep within aperture. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, weakly deflected to the left.
Discussion. This species was established by Boettger (1906) as Fusus sublamellosus . As pointed out by Kovacs (2022), this name was preoccupied for an Eocene species by Deshayes (1834) and consequently Kovacs (2022) introduced Pseudolatirus boettgeri as new name. Herein, we tentatively place this species in Takashius . A close relation to the Pliocene Parvofusus lamellosus ( Brocchi, 1814) , as suggested by Boettger (1906), is excluded based on the presence of columellar folds in Takashius boettgeri . The Miocene Paratethyan T. vinculum nov. sp. differs in its strongly raised, well defined axial ribs and more convex last whorl.
Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably middle to outer neritic environments.
Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Kovács 2022).
Genus Xenofusinus nov. gen.
Type species. Fusus haueri Hoernes, 1875 ; Early Miocene , Austria .
Diagnosis. Large, moderately broad fusiform shell with low, broad early teleoconch whorls, distinct shoulder and cancellate sculpture, later whorls moderately shouldered with primary and secondary spiral cords and strongly reduced axial sculpture, siphonal canal very long, straight, narrow.
Description. As for type species.
Etymology. Combination of Xeno - and Fusinus ; from Ancient Greek Xenos , meaning stranger, referring to the exotic character of the type species.
Included species. Only the type species is known.
Stratigraphic and geographic range. Central Paratethys Sea: Ottnangian (Early Miocene).
Paleoenvironment. Tide- and storm-influenced outer–middle neritic environments ( Grunert et al. 2012).
Discussion. The low conical early spire and its cancellate sculpture is superficially reminiscent of Scalaspira Conrad, 1862 [type species Fusus strumosus Conrad, 1833 ; by monotypy, Conrad 1862: 560; Miocene, Virginia, USA]. Consequently, the Paratethyan species has been placed in Scalaspira by Tembrock (1968). The type species of Scalaspira has a low, strongly gradate spire and a prominent, cancellate sculpture with wide interspaces on the entire teleoconch ( Conrad 1845: 85, pl. 49, fig. 3; Martin 1904: 204, pl. 51, figs 11–13; Tembrock 1968: pl. 1, fig. 1, pl. 2, figs 1–2). Therefore, placement of Fusus haueri Hoernes, 1875 in Scalaspira is rejected herein because of its much higher spire, weaker shoulder, the predominant spiral sculpture and the longer siphonal canal of the Paratethyan species. The species from the Paleogene of the Transcaspian Region placed by Amitrov & Zhegallo (2007) in Scalaspira , are certainly not that genus (e.g., Scalaspira alexeevi Amitrov & Zhegallo, 2007 , Scalaspira korobkovi Amitrov & Zhegallo, 2007 , Scalaspira kumsuatensis Amitrov & Zhegallo, 2007 ). Those species have high conical protoconchs and a high conical spire with prominent spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls, lacking any axial sculpture.
Tembrock (1968) and Amitrov & Zhegallo (2007) proposed to synonymize the European Aquilofusus [type species Fusus waelii Nyst in Lyell, 1852; subsequent designation by Wenz (1943: 1265). Oligocene, Belgium] with the western Atlantic Scalaspira . This view has been followed for Paratethyan species by Harzhauser et al. (2015) and Kovács & Vicián (2016), whereas Kautsky (1962) and Steininger (1973) used Aquilofusus . Especially Tembrock (1968) discussed this species in her revision of Scalaspira , in which she united fossil and extant species from the western Atlantic and the North Sea. Her concept of Scalaspira was later criticized by Vermeij (1991) as too broad and Gürs & Schnetler (2004) and Schnetler & Palm (2008) treated (at least some of) the North Sea species as Aquilofusus . Aquilofusus as defined by Kautsky (1925: 118) comprises moderately slender fusiform shells with a high spire, moderately incised suture, and moderately convex whorls without a distinct shoulder. Their sculpture consists of numerous delicate spiral cords overrunning broad, fold-like axial ribs and the siphonal canal is long [for Aquilofusus waelii see Beyrich (1856: pl. 5, figs 2–3), von Koenen (1872: pl. 6, fig. 2), Tembrock (1968: pl. 8, fig. 1) and Janssen (1979: pl. 15, fig. 9 and references therein)]. This morphology differs from that of Scalaspira very distinctly and synonymizations of the two genera is unjustified. Placement of Fusus haueri Hoernes, 1875 in Aquilofusus is also rejected herein based on its blunt early spire, shouldered teleoconch whorls, and lower spire.
Tembrock (1968) and Vermeij (1991) considered Aquilofusus to be a subjective junior synonym of Pirgos de Gregorio, 1885b . The type species Pirgos alveolatus ( Sowerby, 1829) , form the Pliocene-Pleistocene of the North Sea Basin, is characterized by a prominent, cancellate sculpture, high spire and a relatively low last whorl (see Marquet 1997: pl. 5, fig. 4). It is beyond the scope of this paper to revise North Sea genera, but in our opinion many North Sea species discussed by Tembrock (1968) as Scalaspira represent Pirgos (with cancellate sculpture, e.g., Fusus elegantulus Philippi, 1844 , Fusus alveolatus Sowerby, 1829 , Fusus eximius Beyrich, 1856 ) and Aquilofusus (with spiral cords, e.g., Fusus waelii Nyst in Lyell, 1852; Fusus beyrichi Nyst, 1861 , Fusus semiglaber Beyrich, 1856 ).
Xenofusinus nov. gen. is superficially reminiscent of the Indo-West Pacific Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954 [type species Fusus niponicus E.A. Smith, 1879; present-day, western Pacific]. However, Granulifusus has a pointed apex and three beaded spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls. Spiral cords and axial ribs are often strongly reduced on later whorls, resulting in a somewhat pricky sculpture of spirally and axially arranged nodes (see Hadorn & Fraussen 2005 for a revision of Granulifusus ). Viridifusus Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 [type species Fusus buxeus Reeve, 1847 ; present-day, Cape Verde Archipelago] comprises morphologically quite heterogenous species. The type species is comparable to Xenofusinus in its stocky shape, prominent spiral sculpture and reduced axial ribs. The apex of Viridifusus buxeus is pointed and the early teleoconch whorls bear beaded axial ribs differing strongly from the cancellate whorls of Xenofusinus .
Harasewychia Petuch, 1987 [type species Harasewychia harasewychi Petuch, 1987 ; present-day, Caribbean] is a poorly known deep-water genus which is reminiscent of Xenofusinus in shape and size Harasewychia differs from Xenofusinus in its pointed spire and a shorter siphonal canal. (see Hadorn & Rogers 2000: pl. 16, figs 141–142).
Paleobiogeography. Xenofusinus is a somewhat exotic element in the Miocene Paratethys with a ‘boreal flair’, due to its assumed relation with genera such as Aquilofusus and Scalaspira . This biogeographic ‘signal’, however, must not be overinterpreted considering the poor knowledge on Early and Middle Miocene faunas from the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. In addition, the Caribbean Harasewychia documents, that this group is not restricted to boreal regions. The locality Ottnang ( Austria), from where Xenofusinus is described, represents a very peculiar depositional setting on a tide- and storm influenced shelf, which is unique in the Miocene of the Circum-Mediterranean basins. Many of the species described by Hoernes (1875) from that locality have not been detected from any other locality. Therefore, the record of Xenofusinus may be strongly biased.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Takashius boettgeri ( Kovács, 2022 )
| Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Vermeij, Geerat J. 2024 |
Pseudolatirus boettgeri
| Kovacs, Z. 2022: 80 |
Fusus sublamellosus
| Zilch, A. 1934: 258 |
Fusus sublamellosus
| Boettger, O. 1906: 47 |