Tabernaemontana hannae (M. Méndez & J. F. Morales 2005: 354) A.O. Simões & M.E. Endress

Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O., Lozada-Pérez, Lucio, Cadena, Joselin, Hernández, Sofia Islas-, Martínez-González, C. Ramiro, Cortez, Ericka B., González- Martínez, César A. & González-Ramírez, Ixchel S., 2019, The triad of knowledge: Systematic, diversity and conservation status of the Mexican species of Tabernaemontana (Apocynaceae; Rauvolfioideae: tribe Tabernaemontaneae), Phytotaxa 388 (1), pp. 1-46 : 29

10. Tabernaemontana hannae (M. Méndez & J. F. Morales 2005: 354) A.O. Simões & M.E. Endress in Simões et al.

(2010: 787). ≡ Stemmadenia hannae M. Méndez & J. F. Morales. ( Fig. 1–3 ).

Type:— COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: Hojancha, Nicoya, reserva forestal Monte Alto, Río Nosara y Quebrada Huacas, 19 Apr. 2003, J. F. Morales & M. Méndez 10339 (holotype INB 0004009382!, isotypes K, MO 2493934!).

Trees or shrubs 1–6 m tall. Petioles 3–8 mm long; blades 5–11.5 × 2–7 cm, membranaceous, elliptic to obovate, base acute, apex acuminate, margin entire, glabrous on both sides, to spreading pubescence abaxially. Inflorescence 2–4 flowers, peduncle 2–5 mm long; bracts 3–7 × 1.5–2 mm, ovate-lanceolate to linear, greenish; pedicels 3–6 mm long; sepals equal to subequal, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.6 cm, elliptic to obovate, obtuse to acute, conspicuous venation; corolla slightly urceolate, yellow, tube 2–2.5 × 0.2–0.3 cm, twisted around the anthers, staminal ridges present, suprastaminal corona of five wing-shaped lobes present, opposite the anthers, along the tube, limb lobes 0.8–1.3 × 0.8 cm, obovate; stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla tube, anthers 3.5–4.5 mm long, included, yellow; pistil 1–1.7 mm long, nectary present. Follicles 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.7 cm, obliquely ellipsoid, shortly apiculate, with 2 lateral ridges, not lenticellate, greenish to yellowish, smooth to striate, glabrous; seeds 7–8 mm long.

Habitat and phenology: —Tropical rain forest, cloud forest, tropical deciduous forest and secondary vegetation, with an altitudinal range from 900–2000 m. Flowering from February to July, fruiting from August to October.

Distribution:— Only known in Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca and Veracruz, Fig. 6d ) and Costa Rica.

Conservation status: — Endangered ( EN). Tabernaemontana hannae is restricted in Mexico to the states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz ( Fig. 11 ). The area of the EOO is 67, 607 km 2, and that of the AOO is 64 km 2, which is less than 5% of the area of Mexico ( Table 3) ; its populations are scarce, and grazing and building activities may significantly reduce the number of individuals in the future.

Additional specimens examined:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Mun. Amatenango de la Frontera, El Sabinalito, a 14 km al SO de Motozintla , camino a Amatenango, 25 Feb 1988, Martínez 22390 ( MEXU) ; Mun. Arriaga, Along stream 6 km N of Arriaga , 250 m a.s.l., 14 Aug 1972, Breedlove 26885 ( MEXU) ; En el Puente El Toronjal, sobre carr. México 190, 450 m a.s.l., 09 Aug 2002, Reyes-García 5311 ( MEXU) ; Mun. Pijijiapan, Rancho Rafael Lamda, cerro El Soldado, Polígono zona de amortiguamiento II, 436 m a.s.l., 21 May 2005, Reynoso 101 ( FCME) ; Mun. San Fernando, Cañada Múñiz, Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero , 1323 m a.s.l., 02 Jul 2007, Espinosa 158 ( MEXU) ; Mun. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Encañada Aguacate, Chacona , 21 Jun 1950, Miranda 6415 ( MEXU) . Oaxaca: Mun. Asunción Ixtaltepec, 50 km al S de la brecha a Cienaguilla. Ladera norte Cerro Timbón, 310 m a.s.l., 11 Sep 200, Salas 4580 ( MEXU, SERO, XAL) ; Cerro Verde, a 1.75 km en línea recta al NE de Nizanda, 300 m a.s.l., 24 Jul 2001, Gallardo 7 ( MEXU) ; Faldas del Cerro Naranjo, a 5.1 km en línea recta al NW de Nizanda, 190 m a.s.l., 26 Jun 1998, Pérez-García 1482 ( MEXU) ; Mun. San Miguel del Puerto, 1, 31 km al W de la brecha a Xadani, 7.1 km de puente Zimatán, 335 m a.s.l., 30 Jun 2001, Saynes 2320 ( IEB, MEXU, SERO) ; Cafetal Arroyo Arena, 662 m a.s.l., 20 Apr 2004, Nav 305 ( HUAP, IEB, MEXU) ; Rancho San Agustín, 1 km al E en la cascada, 740 m a.s.l., 15 Apr 2000, López 20 ( MEXU, SERO, XAL) ; Mun. Santa María Chimalapa, Cabecera de Arroyo de Las Señoritas, ca 7 km en línea recta al NO de Benito Juárez , ca 43 km en línea recta al N de San Pedro Tapanatepec, 12 Jun 1985, Maya 1762 ( CHAPA, IEB, MEXU, XAL) .

Veracruz: Mun. Pajapan, Volcán San Martín Pajapan, llegando por Santanón, 675 m a.s.l., 02 May 2012, Campos- Villanueva 767 (MEXU).

Common names and uses: —In Oaxaca “palito lechoso”.

Notes: — Tabernaemontana hannae is morphologically similar to T. venusta in its hypocrateriform to slightly urceolate flowers and foliose sepals, but differs by the stamens inserted near the middle of the corolla tube (vs. stamens inserted near the base of the tube) and the corolla twisted around the stamens (vs. corolla not twisted). Additionally, it is similar to T. simulans (F.J. Morales & Q. Jiménez) A.O. Simões & M.E. Endress in Simões et al. (2010: 787–788), which is endemic to Costa Rica, but this differs by the corolla hipocraterifom (vs. slightly urceolate in T. hannae ), and sepals 4–6 mm long (vs. 0.6–1 cm long).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Selected species of Tabernaemontana in Mexico. a Flowers of T. alba. b Flowers of T.arborea. c Fruit of T. arborea. d Flower of T. citrifolia. e–f. Flower of T. donnell–smithii. g Fruit of T. donnell–smithii. h Flowers of T. divaricata. i Flower of T. glabra. j Fruit of T. glabra. k Flowers of T. hannae. l Flowers of T. ochoterenae. m Flower of T. litoralis. n Fruit of T. litoralis. o Flowers of T. tomentosa. Photographs of Francisco Morales (d), and César González (l).

FIGURE 2. Comparison of flowers of selected species of Tabernaemontana in Mexico. a T. alba. b T. arborea. c T. stenoptera. d T. venusta. e T. chamelensis. f T. citrifolia. g T. amygdalifolia. h T. hannae. i T. oaxacana. j T. donnell–smithii. k T. ochoterenae. l T. eubracteata. m T. riverae. n T. glabra. o T. tomentosa. p T. litoralis.

FIGURE 3. Comparison of fruits of selected species of Tabernaemontana in Mexico. a T. alba. b T. amygdalifolia. c T. arborea. d T. chamelensis. e T. citrifolia (open fruit). f T. donnell–smithii. e T. glabra. h T. eubracteata. i T. hannae. j T. litoralis. k T. mixtecana. l T. oaxacana. m T. ochoterenae. n T. riverae (open fruits). o T. tomentosa.

FIGURE 6. Distribution maps of Tabernaemontana species in Mexico. a T. alba and T. chamelensis. b T. amygdalifolia and T. riverae. c T. arborea, T. eubracteata, and T. oaxacana. d T. citrifolia and T. hannae. e T. donnell–smithii and T. ochoterenae. f T. glabra and T. venusta. g T. litoralis and T. mixtecana. h T. stenoptera and T. tomentosa.

FIGURE 11. Holotype of Tabernaemontana ochoterenae.