Suerkenola longiventris (Poujade, 1886)

Joshi, Rahul, Singh, Navneet & Kuni, Nikhil, 2021, A catalogue of Nolidae Bruand, 1846 from India (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea), Zootaxa 5034 (1), pp. 1-112 : 79-92

104. Suerkenola longiventris (Poujade, 1886) ( Fig. 65 )

Nola longiventris Poujade, 1886 , Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 6 (6): 151.

Barasa suffida Swinhoe, 1919 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 4: 120.

TL: Moupin , Tibet [ China, Sichuan]. Holotype (♂). TD: MNHN.

Material examined. Arunachal Pradesh: West Kameng, Tenga Valley , (N27°12.770’, E92°27.871’, 1429m), 21.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni.

Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Meghalaya, Khasis ( László et al. 2010).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Tibet ( László et al. 2010).

Subfamily RISOBINAE Mell, 1943

Risobinae is known by Risoba Moore (Old World Tropics) and Baileya Grote (Nearctic region). Zahiri et al. (2013) suggested the placement of Brabantia Dyar (Neotropical) within Risobinae . In India, the subfamily is known by 11 species of the genus Risoba . Risobinae is defined by the following characters: forewing strongly variegated in shades of beige, green, brown and black, usually involving a distinct disc-like patch at the apex and often also a paler basal patch defined by a straight or arcuate line running from the base of the costa to about one-third along the dorsum. Furthermore, the hindwing venation is quadrifine, the forewing retinaculum is bar-like, ocelli are present; the tibial spur formula is 0–2–4; frons is scaled with no frontal tubercle and tymbal organs are lacking. In the male genitalia, the uncus is long, slender, sigmoid, ventrally deflexed; the tegumen is “spanner” like; the valves are elongate, with long subbasal process bearing many setae; saccus is long. The female genitalia have a ductus of variable length and an elongate bursa that is generally scobinate, sometimes with corrugations. The female genitalia have a ductus of variable length and an elongate bursa that is generally scobinate, sometimes with corrugations ( Holloway 2003).

Genus Risoba Moore, 1881

Type species: Thyatira repugnans Walker, 1856

1. Risoba basalis Moore, 1882

Risoba basalis Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr.W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 91.

TL: Darjeeling (West Bengal), Cherrapunji, (Meghalaya), India. Syntypes .

TD: MFN, NHMUK ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis, Cherrapunji), Kerala, (Peermade), Darjeeling ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. Hongkong, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sundaland, Philippines, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Southwest China, Thailand ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Host plants. Quisqualis (Combretaceae) , Melastoma and Osbeckia (Melastomataceae) ( Holloway 2003).

2. Risoba diphtheroides Hampson, 1898

Risobadiphtheroides Hampson, 1898, The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11: 453.

TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Meghalaya, Khasis ( Hampson 1898; Poole 1989).

Remarks. Seems endemic to NE India

3. Risoba diversipennis (Walker, 1858)

Heliothis diversipennis Walker, 1858 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 15: 1750.

TL: India [Hindostan]. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Punjab, Himalayan Region ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003); Meghalaya ( Joshi et al. 2021.

Elsewhere. Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sarawak ( Hampson 1912); HongKong ( Kendrick 2002); Himalaya to New Guinea ( Holloway 2003).

Host plant. Melastoma (Melastomataceae) ( Holloway 2003).

4. Risoba flavipennis Hampson, 1895

Risoba flavipennis Hampson, 1895 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 304.

TL: Bhutan. Holotype (♀).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand. ( Hampson 1895; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).

5. Risoba obscurivialis Holloway, 2003

Risoba obscurivialis Holloway, 2003 , The Moths of Borneo, 18: 218.

TL: Mt. Kinabalu , Sabah, Borneo. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya (Khasia Hills) ( Holloway 2003); West Bengal, Meghalaya ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Borneo, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Thailand ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).

6. Risoba obstructa Moore, 1881

Risoba obstructa Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 328.

Risoba grisea Bethune-Baker, 1906 , Novitates Zoologicae, 13: 234.

Crioa albifusa Turner, 1941 , Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 53: 77.

TL: Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Sri Lanka. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Punjab, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Raipur, Chennai, Horsleykonda ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003); Kolkata ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Tamil Nadu ( Sivasankaran et al. 2017).

Elsewhere. E. Africa, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia, Borneo, New Guinea, Solomons, Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).

Host plants. Quisqualis , Terminalia (Combretaceae) , Xylia (Leguminosae) , Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) and Sterculia (Sterculiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).

7. Risoba prominens Moore, 1881

Risoba prominens Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 329.

TL: Khasis, Meghalaya, India; Malacca, Malaysia. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis), Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Uttarakhand, Andaman & Nicobar Isl. ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Japan, China, Myanmar, Singapore, Nepal, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Korea, Thailand ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); HongKong ( Kendrick 2002).

Host plants. Quisqualis (Combretaceae) , Pterocarya stenoptera (Juglandaceae) on leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).

8. Risoba repugnans ( Walker, 1856)

Thyatira repugnans Walker, 1856 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 9: 9. Risoba literata Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 329.

Heliothis albistriata Pagenstecher, 1888 , Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde, 41: 132.

TL: North India; Sri Lanka. Lectotype (♀) designated by Hampson (1912).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Punjab, Maharashtra (Malshej Ghat, Amboli, Mumbai, Ratnagiri), Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Nilgiris, Coimbatore), Kerala, Odisha , West Bengal ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Shubhalaxmi et al. 2011; Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Philippines, Thailand, South China, Vietnam, Borneo, Indonesia, Timor, New Guinea, Melanesia, Solomon Isl., ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Indo-Australian tropics east to the Solomons but not recorded from Australia ( Holloway 2003).

Host plant. Melastoma (Melastomataceae) ( Holloway 2003).

9. Risoba variegata (Moore, 1882)

Pitrasa variegata Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr.W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 94.

TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes (♂) .

TD: MFN.

Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1912); Darjeeling ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal, New Guinea ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

10. Risoba vialis Moore, 1882

Risoba vialis Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr.W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 91.

TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .

TD: MFN.

Distribution in India. Assam, West Bengal ( Kendrick 2002); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003); Darjeeling ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Sundaland, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Borneo, Thailand ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

11. Risoba vitellina (Moore, 1882)

Pitrasa vitellina, Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson (2): 94.

TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .

TD: MFN, NHMUK ( Poole 1989).

Distribution in India. Darjeeling, Sikkim ( Moore 1882a; Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).

Elsewhere. Nepal ( Yoshimoto 1994).

Subfamily WESTERMANNIINAE Hampson, 1918

Westermanniinae species generally have rather satiny, often silvered forewings lacking raised scales and the male lacks tymbal organs. The wing venation is typical quadrifine, except in Negeta Walker , where the areole is absent and the radial sector branching is (R2 (R3, R4)). In the male genitalia, the tegumen is much longer than the vinculum in all genera except Miaromima Meyrick. The uncus is highly setose (absent in Pterogonia ), with a terminal hook; the transtillae are usually broad, angled upwards; the valves expand to a largely rounded apex that bears a fringe of basally directed setae; the sacculus often has a harpe, and there may be a marginal lobe or cleft where the setal fringe meets the end of the sacculus; the aedeagus vesica often contains cornuti, and these are occasionally decidu- ous. In the female genitalia, generally, the ovipositor lobes (papilla anales) are short, form a ring and are highly setose like other nolids; ductus bursae is short;corpus bursae usually elongated. Otherwise, the structure of female genitalia is highly diverse across the genera ( Holloway 2003). The group is found throughout the Old World tropics ( Holloway 2003) with a single Palaearctic genus, Iragaodes ( Zahiri et al. 2013) . Westermanniinae is known by 23 species under 5 genera from India.

Genus Miaromima Meyrick, 1889

Type species: Miaromima dinotis Meyrick, 1889

1. Miaromima cornucopia ( Hampson, 1891) ( Fig. 66 )

Ingura cornucopia Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 8, 61.

Westermannia cornucopia ocellata Warren, 1914 , Novitates Zoologicae, 21: 421 (preocc. Westermannia ocellata Lucas, 1884 ).

TL: Nilgiris , Tamil Nadu, India. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Material examined. Mizoram: Serchhip , (N23°20.456’, E92°51.458’, 982.8m), 14.III.2020, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni.

Distribution in India. Mizoram (present study); Tamil Nadu (Nilgiris), Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. Srilanka, Borneo, Sumatra, Thailand, Nepal, Philippines ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

2. Miaromima naessigi ( Kobes, 1989)

Westermannia naessigi Kobes, 1989 , Heterocera Sumatrana 2(7): 156.

TL: Prapat , Sumatra. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Darjeeling, Himalayan region, ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Sumatra, Borneo, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Philippines ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

3. Miaromima pangolina ( Holloway, 1982)

Westermannia pangolina Holloway, 1982 , An introduction to the moths of South East Asia, 1982: 231.

TL: Lebong Tandai , West Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Andaman & Nicobar Isl., West Bengal, Maharashtra ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019)

Elsewhere. Sundaland, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Borneo, New Guinea, ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Host plant. Terminalia (Combretaceae) ( Holloway 2003).

Genus Negeta Walker, 1862

Type species: Negeta contrariata Walker, 1862

4. Negeta contrariata Walker, 1862

Negeta contrariata Walker, 1862 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 24: 1105.

Nertobriga reversa Walker, [1863]1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 75.

Ariolica leucospila Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 788.

Doranaga apicalis Moore, 1884 –1887, The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 553.

Nertobriga signata costalis Gaede , discalis Gaede and subterminalis Gaede, 1938, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 449, 450.

TL: Sarawak, Borneo.

TD: OUMNH.

Distribution in India. Indo-Australian tropics ( Holloway 2003); Kerala, Tamil Nadu ( Das et al. 2020).

Elsewhere. Indo-Australian tropics east to Australia and Bismarcks ( Holloway 2003).

Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Holloway (2003).

5. Negeta olivaria ( Warren, 1916)

Nertobriga olivaria Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 211.

TL: Sikkim, India.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Warren 1916; Poole 1989).

6. Negeta signata (Walker, [1863] 1864)

Ariolica signata Walker, [1863] 1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 54.

TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Syntypes .

TD: OUMNH.

Distribution in India. India ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. HongKong ( Kendrick 2002); Thailand, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines, Australia ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Kobes (1997), Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).

7. Negeta soliera ( Swinhoe, 1895)

Doranaga soliera Swinhoe, 1895 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 15: 7.

TL: Shillong , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Shillong) ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal, Indonesia (Sumatra) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

8. Negeta straminea ( Hampson, 1891)

Doranaga straminea Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 22, 92.

TL: Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu, India.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri district) ( Hampson 1891; Poole 1989).

Genus Pterogonia Swinhoe, 1891

Type species: Pterogonia episcopalis Swinhoe, 1891

9. Pterogonia aurigutta (Walker, 1858) ( Fig. 67 )

Thalatta aurigutta Walker, 1858 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 15: 1793.

Doranaga striatura Moore, 1887 [1884–1887], The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 553.

Pterognia (sic) irrorata Dudgeon, 1905 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16: 402.

TL: Singapore. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Material examined. Jharkhand: Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E86°11.782’, 670m), 23.X.2013, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh ; same data, 07.X.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh.

Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya, Andamans ( Holloway 2003); Sikkim ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Jharkhand (present study).

Elsewhere. Sundaland, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Flores), Taiwan, South China ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

10. Pterogonia cardinalis Holloway, 1976

Pterogonia cardinalis Holloway, 1976 , Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mont Kinabalu, 1976: 28.

TL: Singolangoe Tengger , East Java, Indonesia. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. India ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003); Kerala, Chattisgarh , Arunachal Pradesh ( Francy & Mathew 2006, Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Singapore, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Ceram, Buru), New Guinea, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Australia ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Sundaland to New Guinea and Queensland ( Holloway 2003).

Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India is not mentioned clearly by Kobes (1997), Holloway (2003), Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).

11. Pterogonia cassidata Warren, 1916

Pterogonia cassidata Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 220.

TL: Madikeri , Kodagu, Karnataka, India. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Karnataka (Kodagu) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Thailand, South China ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

12. Pterogonia episcopalis Swinhoe, 1891 ( Fig. 68 )

Pterogonia episcopalis Swinhoe, 1891 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1891: 152.

TL: Coonoor , Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E86°11.782’, 670m), 01.XII.2011, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh ( NZC, ZSI Patna) .

Distribution in India. Nagaland, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Sondhi et al. 2018) ; Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu (Singh 2019).

Elsewhere. Borneo, Nepal ( Hampson 1894; Yoshimoto 1994).

Host plant. Eugenia myrobalana (Myrtaceae) on leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).

13. Pterogonia nubes ( Hampson, 1893) ( Fig. 69 )

Craspedogonia nubes Hampson, 1893 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 9: 29, 117.

Pterogonia nerissa Swinhoe, 1902 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7), 9: 83.

TL: Kelani-Valley , Sri Lanka. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Material examined. Mizoram: Teirei , Dampa TR, (N23°41.384’, E92°27.035’, 270.2 m), 18.III.2020, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni.

Distribution in India. Mizoram (present study); Tamilnadu ( Sivasankaran et al. 2017).

Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi), Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Moluccas ( Hampson 1893; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Remarks. Sivasankaran et al. (2017) mentioned it from Tamil Nadu, without specifying it as a new record from Indian region. However, the species was also collected from Mizoram by the third author, thus extended its range from South India to North Eastern region.

Genus Urbona Walker, 1862

Type species: Urbona sublineata Walker, 1862

14. Urbona albescens (Moore, 1882)

Nagasema albescens Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 152.

TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK, MFN ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Distribution in India. Darjeeling ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Myanmar, Laos ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

15. Urbona chlorocrota (Hampson, 1907)

Rhaesena chlorocrota Hampson, 1907 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17: 677.

TL: Karwar , Karnataka, India. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. India ( Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Saleyer, Seram ( Holloway 2003).

Host plants. Vanda (Orchidaceae) , orchid leaves, Dendrobium , Phalaenopsis and other orchids, Arachis (Leguminosae) ( Holloway 2003) .

Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Holloway (2003).

16. Urbona dentilinealis ( Moore, 1877)

Hypena dentilinealis Moore, 1877 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877: 613.

TL: Andaman Island, India.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Andamans ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. Borneo, New Guinea, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003).

17. Urbona leucophaea (Walker, [1863] 1864)

Acontia leucophaea Walker, [1863] 1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 49.

TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Syntypes .

TD: OUMNH.

Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Java, Bali) ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

18. Urbona sublineata Walker, 1862

Urbona sublineata Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6: 184.

TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Lectotype (♂) designated by Swinhoe (1900).

TD: OUMNH.

Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003); India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Assam ( Joshi et al. 2021).

Elsewhere. Borneo, Myanmar ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Nepal, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Genus Westermannia Hübner, [1821]

Type species: Westermannia superba Hübner, 1823

19. Westermannia argentea Hampson, 1891

Westermannia argentea Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 15, 80.

Westermannia argentea suffusa Warren, 1914 , Novitates Zoologicae, 21: 421.

Westermannia argentea renifera Warren, 1914 , Novitates Zoologicae, 21: 421.

TL: Nilgiris , Tamil Nadu, India. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Nilgiris ( Hampson 1891; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Karnataka (Madikeri), Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andamans ( Warren 1914; Sivasankaran et al. 2017; Sondhi et al. 2018).

Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi, Moluccas Buru, Ceram, Gilolo, Halmahera), Thailand, Sri Lanka, New Guinea ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Host plant. Young leaves of Terminalia (Combretaceae) ( Holloway 2003).

20. Westermannia elliptica Bryk, 1913

Westermannia elliptica Bryk, 1913 , Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, 7: 217.

Westermannia obscura Wileman, 1914 , Entomologist, 47: 169.

Iragodes albiceps Matsumura, 1931 , Insecta Matsumurana, 5: 106.

Westermannia rajata Kobes, 1988 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 2(6): 98.

TL: Tainan, Taiwan. Holotype (♀).

TD: MFN.

Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh ( Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula Laos Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines, New Guinea, Taiwan, South China ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).

21. Westermannia superba Hübner, 1823 ( Fig. 70 )

Westermannia superba Hübner, 1823 , Zutrage zur Sammlung Exotischer Schmetterlinge, 2: 23.

Plusiodes westermanni Guenée, 1852 , In: Boisduval & Guenée, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres Noctuelites, 2: 386.

Vestermannia gloriosa Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 606.

TL: Java. Syntypes (♂) .

TD: Not known.

Material examined: Jharkhand: West Singhbhum, Saranda Forest, Kiriburu (N22°07.015, E85°17.242’, 898m), 14.IX.2014, 1 ex. leg. N. Singh ; same data, 10.X.2015, 1 ex. ; West Singhbhum, Saranda Forest, Koderma (N24°20.843’, E85°27.682’, 385m), 19.IX.2014, 1 ex. leg. N. Singh ; Hazaribagh, Rajderva (N24°08.336’, E85°19.148’, 492m), 18.IX.2014, 2 ex. ; same locality data, 02.IX.2016, 2 exs. ; same data, 11-12.IX.2015, 2 exs. ; same data, 04.X.2016, 1 ex. leg. N. Singh ; Hazaribagh, Salparni , (N24°08.155’, E85°17.170’, 552m), 13.IX.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. Bihar: Valmiki TR, Ganauli , (N27°22.479’, E84°08.366’, 158m), 22.III.2017, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. Sikkim: E. Sikkim, Rongli , (N27° 203682, E88°70.4874, 1834m), 26-28.VII.2019, 14 exs., leg. N. Kuni. West Bengal: Kalimpong, Upper Kuwapani , (N27° 046270, E88° 684359, 718m), 12.VIII.2019, 3 ex., leg. N. Kuni ; Darjeeling, Sittong , (N26° 5616, E88° 2217, 712.6m), 03.VIII.2019, 2 ex., leg. N. Kuni. Arunachal Pradesh: West Kameng, Shergaon , (N27°08’03.5”, E92°16’26.8”, 1384m), 11.V.2019, 3 ex., leg. N. Kuni ; Salari (N27°19’440”, E92°26’617”, 1285m), 12.V.2019, 2 ex., leg. N. Kuni. Mizoram: Serchhip , (N23°20.456’, E92°51.458’, 982.8m), 14.III.2020, 2 ex., leg. N. Kuni.

Distribution in India. Mizoram (present study); Maharashtra (Pune, Mumbai), West & South India, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andaman & Nicobar Isl. ( Swinhoe 1885; Hampson 1894; Singh 2019; Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Nepal, South China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Indonesia, Timor, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, Thailand ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Host plants. Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) , Terminalia (Combretaceae) , Anogeissus

(Combretaceae) ( Holloway 2003).

22. Westermannia triangularis Moore, 1877 ( Fig. 71 )

Westermannia triangularis Moore, 1877 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877: 605.

Westermannia sumatrana Strand, 1913 , Entomologische Zeitschrift, 27(16): 89.

TL: Port Blair , Andaman Isl., India. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E86°11.782’, 670m), 27.IX.2008, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. Sikkim: E. Sikkim, Rongli , (N27° 203682, E88° 704874, 1834m), 26.VII.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni.

Distribution in India. Sikkim (present study); Assam (Sivasagar), Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andaman & Nicobar Isl. ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Nepal, China ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

NOLIDAE taxa unassigned to subfamilies

The following six nolid genera representing 11 species from India are with an unclear systematics and are not placed to any subfamily (Holloway 2011; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Genus Ballatha Walker, [1866] 1865

Type species: Ballatha laeta Walker, [1866] 1865

1. Ballatha laeta Walker, [1866] 1865

Ballatha laeta Walker, [1866] 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 34: 1214-1215.

Tortix fimbriana Walker, 1869 , Characters of Undescribed Lepidoptera Heterocera, 1869: 101.

TL: India [Hindostan]. Syntypes.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi) ( Walker 1869); North India ( Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. N. India to Myanmar ( Holloway 2003).

Genus Bryophilopsis Hampson, 1894

Type species: Bryophilopsis griseata Hampson, 1894

2. Bryophilopsis griseata Hampson, 1894

Bryophilopsis griseata Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 2: 361.

TL: Shimla , Himachal Pradesh, India. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Kulu, Sultanpur, Shimla ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Pakistan, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

3. Bryophilopsis orientalis Hampson, 1912

Bryophilopsis orientalis Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 311.

TL: Christmas Island. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Andamans ( Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. Christmas Is, Borneo, Palawan and Balabac, Sulawesi, Seram, Queensland ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003).

Genus Cacyparis Walker, [1863] 1862

Type species: Cacyparis insolitata Walker, [1863] 1862

4. Cacyparis insolitata Walker, [1863] 1862

Cacyparis insolitata Walker, [1863] 1862 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 26: 1572.

Ballatha atrotumens Walker, 1864 [1865], List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 31: 125.

TL: Hindostan ( India). Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003); Tamil Nadu ( Das et al. 2020).

Genus Kerala Moore, 1881

Type species: Kerala punctilineata Moore, 1881

5. Kerala grisea Hampson, 1912

Cerala grisea Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 490.

TL: Sikkim, India; Yatung , Tibet, China. Syntypes (2♂, 2♀) .

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).

Elsewhere. Tibet, Yatung ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).

6. Kerala multipunctata Moore, 1882

Kerala multipunctata Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, (2): 93.

Kerala dorsoviridis Hampson, 1897 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, (11): 297.

TL: Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.

TD: MFN.

Distribution in India. Darjeeling, Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Moore 1882a; Hampson 1912; Poole 1989). Elsewhere. Taiwan (Strand, 1917).

7. Kerala punctilineata Moore, 1881

Kerala punctilineata Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 330.

TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .

TD: MFN.

Distribution in India. Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Darjeeling ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).

Elsewhere. Myanmar, Borneo, Thailand, Nepal, West China , Vietnam ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Genus Macrobarasa Hampson, 1912

Type species: Blenina xantholopha Hampson, 1896

8. Macrobarasa xantholopha ( Hampson, 1896)

Blenina xatholopha Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 4: 526.

Macrobarasa albibasis Wileman, 1914 , Entomologist, 47: 220.

TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1896, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, South China, South Japan ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

9. Macrobarasa xanthosticta ( Hampson, 1894)

Argyrothripa xanthosticta Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 381.

TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989).

Genus Topadesa Moore, 1888

Type species: Topadesa sanguinea Moore, 1888

10. Topadesa flammans Hampson, 1912

Topadesa flammans Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 477.

Topadesa khasica Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82A (1): 88.

TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes (1♂, 1♀) .

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).

11. Topadesa sanguinea Moore, 1888 ( Fig. 72 )

Topadesa sanguinea Moore, 1888 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 280.

TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes (♂) .

TD: MFN ( Poole, 1989). NHMUK ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Material examined. Arunachal Pradesh: Eaglenest WLS, Lama Camp , (N27°09’27”, E92°27’39”, 2330m), 29.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni.

Distribution in India. Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling), Arunachal Pradesh ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).

Elsewhere. Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Additional species

Subfamily CHLOEPHORINAE Stainton, 1859

1. Sinna floralis Hampson, 1905

Sinna floralis Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7(15): 602.

TL: Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (♂).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Assam, Arunachal, Sikkim, Nagaland, Tripura ( Sondhi et al. 2021).

Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo ( Holloway 2003).

2. Sinna extrema (Walker, 1854)

Deiopeia extrema Walker, 1854 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 2: 73. Teinopyga reticularis Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 , Reise Fregatte Novara, 2 (2) (4): 106.

Sinna clara Butler, 1881 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1881: 8.

Sinna fentoni Butler, 1881 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1881: 8.

Sinna ornatissima Alphéraky, 1897 , In: Romanoff N.N. (ed.) Memoirés sur les Lepidoptéres, 9: 131.

Sinna extrema ssp. koresinna Bryk, 1948 , Arkiv für Zoologi, 41(A) 1: 113.

TL: Shanghai, China. Syntypes .

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram ( Sondhi et al. 2021).

Elsewhere. Thailand, China, Japan, Korea, Russian Far East ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

3. Xenochroa biviata (Hampson, 1905)

Carea biviata Hampson, 1905 ; Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)16: 595.

TL: Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (♀).

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka ( Sondhi et al. 2021).

Elsewhere. Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).

Subfamily ELIGMINAE Mell, 1943

4. Plotheia decrescens (Walker, [1858] 1857)

Gadirtha decrescens Walker, [1858] 1857 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1104.

Plotheia frontalis Walker, [1858] 1857 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1109.

Egelesta rudivitta Walker, 1858; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 15:1748.

Galleriomorpha lichenoides Nietner, 1861; Coffee tree and its Enemies, 3, 13.

Othora albivitta Walker, 1865; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 908.

Othroa albotecta Walker, 1865; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 903.

Othora basifascia Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 911.

Othora canescens Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 904.

Othora cinerascens Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 903.

Othora concisa Walker, 1865; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 910.

Gadirtha guttulosa Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 897.

Othora imprimens Walker, 1865; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 911.

Othora lata Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 909.

Othora onusta Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 905.

Othora plagiata Walker, 1865; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 907.

Othora signata Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 906.

Gadirtha spurcata Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 896.

Othora subglauca Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 905.

Othora velata Walker, 1865 ; List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 902.

Plotheia griseovirens Moore, 1885 [1884–1887], The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 108.

Plotheia lativitta Moore, 1885 [1884–1887], The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 109.

TL: Ceylon [Srilanka]. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Tamil Nadu ( Sondhi et al. 2021).

Elsewhere. Srilanka ( Hampson 1912).

Subfamily NOLINAE Bruand, 1846

5. Evonima plagiola ( Hampson, 1898)

Selca plagiola Hampson, 1898 ; Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11: 441.

TL: Puttalam , Sri Lanka. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Tamil Nadu ( Sondhi et al. 2021).

Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1898).

Subfamily WESTERMANNIINAE Hampson, 1918

6. Miaromima coelisigna ( Hampson, 1895)

Westermannia coelisigna Hampson, 1895 ; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 303.

TL: Bhutan. Holotype.

TD: NHMUK.

Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1912).

Elsewhere. Bhutan, Srilanka ( Hampson 1895).

Host plants. Terminalia ( Robinson et al. 2001) .

Figures

FIGURES 65–72. Nolidae Adults: 65, Suerkenola longiventris; 66, Miaromima cornucopia; 67, Pterogonia aurigutta; 68, Pterogonia episcopalis; 69, Pterogonia nubes; 70, Westermannia superba; 71, Westermannia triangularis; 72, Topadesa sanguinea.