Styraconyx sardiniae D’Addabbo Gallo, Morone De Lucia & Grimaldi

Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Bartels, Paul J., Roszkowska, Milena & Nelson, Diane R., 2015, The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada, Zootaxa 4037 (1), pp. 1-189 : 108-110

116. Styraconyx sardiniae D’Addabbo Gallo, Morone De Lucia & Grimaldi de Zio, 1989

Styraconyx sardiniae new species (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1989)

Styraconyx sardiniae D’Addabbo Gallo et al., 1989 (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1999a, 2001, Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo 2001, D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 2007, Gallo et al. 2007)

Styraconyx sardiniae ( Sandulli et al. 1999)

Styraconyx sardiniae D’Addabbo Gallo et al., 1988 ( Accogli et al. 2011)

Terra typica: Tyrrhenian Sea ( Italy, Europe)

Adriatic Sea:

• 42°06′N, 15°28′E [42°08′N, 15°30′E]; 11–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, between Tremiti Islands, Posidonia seagrass meadow, medium and fine sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 42°09′00′′N, 15°30′00′′E [42°08′N, 15°31′E]; 5–56 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, Caprara [Capraia] Island, Cala dei Turchi, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°08′00′′N, 15°31′00′′E; 5–56 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, Caprara [Capraia] Island, Cala Sorrentino, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°07′18′′N, 15°29′49′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Cala delle Arene. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°08′N, 15°29′E [42°07′N, 15°30′E]; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, I Pagliai, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°07′N, 15°30′E; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Cala Spino, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°07′N, 15°31′E; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Nicola, Ferraio Cave, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°28′E; 3 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Murene, the middle of the cave, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 42°06′N, 15°28′E; 2–4 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Punta Zio Cesare, cave Grotta delle Murene, 0–10 cm depth, 80% coarse organogenic sand, 3% silt and clay, (mean diameter = 0.125 mm). Sandulli et al. (1999), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°29′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Viole, external cave’s entrance, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°29′E; 7 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Viole, ca. 20 m from the cave’s entrance, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06′N, 15°29′E; 5–10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Punta Zio Cesare, cave Grotta delle Viole, 0–10 cm depth, 80% coarse organogenic sand, 3% silt and clay, (mean diameter = 0.125 mm). Sandulli et al. (1999), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 40 ° 31.59′N, 18°05.51′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011)

Balearic Sea:

• 40°20′N, 08°22′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Sassari or Oristano Province, Gulf of Alghero, medium sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007)

Indian Ocean:

• 04°19′S, 55°52′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO51] Republic of Seychelles, Coco [Cocos] Island, coarse sand. Gallo et al. (2007)

Ionian Sea:

• 39°55′55′′N, 18°02′71′′E [39°54′N, 18°06′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Giovanni [Torre San Giovanni]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39 ° 50.46′N, 18°07.38′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

Ligurian Sea:

• 43°32 ′ N, 10°12′E; 7 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Livorno Province, 300 m NW of Meloria Shoals Lighthouse, sediment samples. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1999a)

Mediterranean Sea:

• 35°54′N, 14°32′E; 41 m bsl: [FAO37] Republic of Malta, SE coast of Malta, Sicily Channel, 1.75 km SE of the entrance of Grand Harbour and 1.4 km NW of the coastal settlement Xghajra, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

Tyrrhenian Sea:

• 40°20′30′′N, 09°40′15′′E; 0–80 m bsl: [FAO37] Type Locality: Italy, Sardinia Island, Nuoro Province, Orosei Gulf, organogenic debris and Posidonia seagrass meadow. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1989), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 40°13′N, 09°38′E; 30 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro Province, Gulf of Orosei, coarse sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007)

• 38°36′N, 14°55′E; 40 and 46 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Secca del Capo, coralligenous bank, subtidal zone, coarse coralligenous detritus and medium carbonate sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 38°34′N, 14°52′E [38°35′N, 14°52′E]; 1–5 and 40 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Punta di Magne, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°26′N, 14°55′E [38°26′N, 14°57′E]; 1.5–5: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Pietra Lunga South, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Adriatic Sea: 13, Balearic Sea: 1, Indian Ocean: 1, Ionian Sea: 2, Ligurian Sea: 1, Mediterranean Sea: 1, Tyrrhenian Sea: 5; total: 24.

Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO37: 23, FAO51: 1; total: 24.

Remarks: This is a Mediterranean species from the sargassi group reported almost exclusively from the Mediterranean basin, except for one relatively recent report from the Indian Ocean. It has been found in the intertidal and subtidal zones, down to 80 m bsl, in different types of sand and sediments (also present in marine caves).