Strongylophthalmyia raricornis Shatalkin, 1981

Zhou, Jiale, Evenhuis, Neal L. & Yang, Ding, 2023, A review of the Strongylophthalmyia coarctata subgroup (Diptera, Brachycera, Strongylophthalmyiidae) from China, with the descriptions of three new species, ZooKeys 1168, pp. 329-353 : 329

Strongylophthalmyia raricornis Shatalkin, 1981

Figs 34-35 , 36-40 , 41-44

Strongylophthalmyia raricornis Shatalkin, 1981: 792 (protologue); Krivosheina (1984: 27) (catalogue, distribution); Shatalkin (1993: 124, 126) (in key, bionomics, figure); Shatalkin (1996: 156) (diagnosis, redescription, record, figure); Krivosheina (1999: 508) (in key, distribution, figure); Ozerov (2010: 156) (type material); Iwasa and Evenhuis (2014: 103) (listed, distribution); Evenhuis (2016: 207) (listed, distribution, figure). Holotype (♂): Russia, Khabarovsk Krai, Maly Khingan, ZMUM.

Material examined.

China. Beijing: Haidian, Jiufeng, 101 m, 2018.vi.20, leg. Jiale Zhou & Yike Cao (2♂ 1♀, CAU). Shaanxi: Mei County, Haopingsi, 1120 m, 2020.vi.29, leg. Bing Zhang (4♂, CAU); Tongchuan, Miaowan, 1233 m, 2019.vii.28, leg. Qicheng Yang & Jiaojie Wang (1♂ 10♀, CAU); Tongchuan, Yuhuagong, 1385 m, 2019.vii.30, leg. Jiaojie Wang (3♂, CAU); Tongchuan, Liulin, 1020 m, 2019.vii.27, leg. Qicheng Yang & Weijian Huang (4♂ 2♀, CAU); Xunyi, Shimenshan, 1577 m, 2019.vii.26, leg. Qicheng Yang (4♂, CAU); same locality, 1605m, 2019.vii.25, leg. Jiaojie Wang (1♂ 1♀, CAU). Shanghai: Baoshan, Gucun Park, 2021.v.9, photographed by Deyao Zhou (1♂, photo voucher only). Tianjin: Jizhou, Baxianshan, 221-706 m, 2019.vi.28, leg. Ding Yang (1♂ 4♀, CAU). SOUTH KOREA. Chungbuk: Okcheon, Dongi , Soesan , 150 m, leg. P. Tripton, by Malaise trap (1♂ 1♀, CSCA) .

Diagnosis.

Generally shiny black (Figs 34 , 35 ); antennal first flagellomere of male yellowish brown, bifid, C-shaped (Figs 37 , 38 ); wing hyaline (Fig. 40 ); legs blackish brown with fore and mid coxae (except base), trochanters, extreme apex of fore and mid femora, fore tibia, apex of mid and hind tibiae, and tarsomeres 1-3 yellow (Figs 34 , 35 ); hind trochanter of male with a tiny thorn-like process on internal surface; hind femur of male with three small warty inner basal processes, middle one bearing setae, other two bare; distiphallus slightly shorter than phallapodeme, with large apical “glans” (Figs 43 , 44 ).

Redescription.

Body length 3.5-4.6 mm, wing length 2.5-2.9 mm.

Male. Generally shiny black (Fig. 34 ). Antenna yellowish brown with arista dark brown (Figs 37 , 38 ). Proboscis and palpus brown. Wing hyaline (Fig. 40 ); wing veins brown to dark brown. Halter white with base slightly darkened. Legs blackish brown; fore and mid coxae (except base), trochanters, extreme apex of fore and mid femora, fore tibia, apex of mid and hind tibiae, and tarsomeres 1-3 yellow (Fig. 34 ).

Head (Figs 36 , 37 ) with frons flattened; parafacial with dense silvery tomentose stripes; gena with silvery tomentose stripe along eye margin; postgena bulging. Head chaetotaxy: 1 inner vertical seta, 1 outer vertical seta, 3 fronto-orbital setae, 1 ocellar seta, 1 postocellar seta. Clypeus subquadrate; palpus elongate, with short dense black setulae. Antennal scape with scattered marginal setae and 1 dominant dorsal seta; pedicel with elongate dorsal seta; first flagellomere (Figs 37 , 38 ) bifid, C-shaped, with short dense white setulae; arista longer than first flagellomere.

Thorax with mesonotum (Fig. 39 ) densely covered with long setulae located in rows, in dorsal view with distinct transverse suture. Anepisternum with short dense setulae. Katepisternum with short setulae ventrolaterally near mid coxa. Scutellum (Fig. 39 ) subtriangular, slightly inflated. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 anepisternal seta, 1 presutural intra-alar seta, 2 notopleural setae, 7 dorsocentral setae, 2 posterior supra-alar setae, 1 scutellar seta. Wing (Fig. 40 ) with R4+5 and M1+2 almost parallel apically; apical section of M1+2 clearly arched; M4 and CuA+CuP not reaching but very closely approaching wing margin; r-m located near basal one-third (0.34) of cell dm; apical section of M4 shorter than dm-m; alula relatively large; anal lobe well developed. Legs with dense dark setulae; fore coxa with several long white setulae antero-apically; hind trochanter with a tiny thorn-like process on internal surface; hind femur with three small warty inner basal processes, middle one bearing setae, other two bare.

Abdomen covered with short to long dense setae. Tergite 1 weakly sclerotized. Pregenital sclerites relatively weakly sclerotized.

Male genitalia: Epandrium (Figs 41 , 42 ) long and narrow, subovate in lateral view, with long dense setae. Surstylus (Figs 41 , 42 ) with several long dense setae at apex and short stout setae on inner distal surface. Cerci (Figs 41 , 42 ) relatively short and broad, fused along length, with one rather long subapical seta and several short setae. Hypandrium (Figs 43 , 44 ) narrowly rounded anteriorly, with one pair of bifid, long anterior lobes. Phallapodeme (Figs 43 , 44 ) long, curved, slightly longer than distiphallus. Pregonite (Fig. 43 ) very long, narrow, band-like, basally fused to inner surface of hypandrium. Phallic plate (Fig. 44 ) divided into two articulating sclerites. Distiphallus (Figs 43 , 44 ) extremely long, slightly shorter than phallapodeme, unsegmented, with sclerotized bands and large apical “glans”, membrane microtrichose. Ejaculatory apodeme (Figs 43 , 44 ) large, slightly swollen at apex.

Female. Antennal first flagellomere ovate (Fig. 35 ); clypeus thick, bulbous; hind trochanter and femur lacking process. Other characters same as those of male.

Distribution.

China - Beijing: Haidian*, Shaanxi: Mei County*, Tongchuan*, Xunyi*, Shanghai: Baoshan*, Tianjin: Jizhou* (Fig. 56 ). Russia - Khabarovsk Krai: Maly Khingan ( Shatalkin 1981), Primorsky Krai: Kamenushka, Lazovskiy Nature Reserve ( Shatalkin 1996). South Korea - Chungbuk: Okcheon* (Fig. 56 ).

Remarks.

The male genitalia of this species were illustrated by Shatalkin (1996) and Krivosheina (1999) and are described here for the first time. This species was previously reported from the Russian Far East ( Shatalkin 1996; Krivosheina 1999). Considering the new distributional records from China and South Korea, this species seems to be widely distributed in the eastern Palaearctic Realm.

Figures

Figure 56. Known distribution of species of the Strongylophthalmyia coarctata subgroup in China and South Korea.

Figures 34, 35. Strongylophthalmyia raricornis Shatalkin, 1981, habitus, lateral view: 34 non-type male 35 non-type female. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 36 - 40. Strongylophthalmyia raricornis Shatalkin, 1981, non-type male: 36 head, dorsal view 37 same, lateral view 38 left antenna, lateral view; 39 thorax, dorsal view 40 wing. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

Figure 41 - 44. Strongylophthalmyia raricornis Shatalkin, 1981, male genitalia: 41 external genitalia, posterior view 42 same, lateral view 43 internal genitalia, ventral view 44 same, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc = cercus; dph = distiphallus; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; ep = epandrium; hyp = hypandrium; pgt = pregonite; phap = phallapodeme; pp = phallic plate; sur = surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.