Sparganothoides castanea (Walsingham)

Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A., 2009, Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini), Zootaxa 2150 (1), pp. 1-78 : 33-35

13. Sparganothoides castanea (Walsingham)

Figs. 19 , 73

Amorbia castanea Walsingham 1913: 220 .

Sparganothoides castanea ; Powell 1986: 376; Powell et al. 1995: 149; Brown 2005: 564.

Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished by its forewing pattern and genitalia. The white spots among the strigulae in the subapical region of the forewing are unique to this species. The male genitalia are reminiscent of those of Sparganopseustis , but the structure of the socius/gnathos arms is consistent with Sparganothoides , as is the manner in which the sacculus extends beyond the margin of the valva.

Description. Male. Head: Frons dark reddish brown, produced; vertex roughened, dark reddish brown. Labial palpus short, II segment 1.1 times diameter of compound eye, yellowish gray mesally, reddish brown laterally. Antennae strongly pectinate, scaling reddish brown basally, yellowish gray distally. Thorax: Dorsum smooth scaled, dark reddish brown. Forewing length 14.1 mm (n = 1). Forewing lacking costal fold; costa strongly curved basally, ground color reddish brown basally and apically, brownish orange mesally; dark reddish brown basal fascia; distinct dark gray triangular submedian fascia extending to mid-dorsum with black spot on discal cell at lower extremity of fascia; subterminal fasciae dark reddish brown; dark gray or dark brown transverse strigulae throughout wing, ornamented with white scales in subterminal and terminal areas. Fringe pale orange to yellowish brown. Hindwing dark gray. Abdomen: Genitalia ( Fig. 19 ; slide #8302; BMNH; Guatemala, Quezaltenango, Cerro Zunil; n = 1) with uncus long, slender, uniform in width, elbowed at nearly 90 angle at two-thirds distance from base, with long setae dorsally; tegumen unraised at base of uncus; socius rounded posteriorly, straight mesally, secondary arms short, slender, abruptly angled near tegumen, straight distad, enlarged apices symmetrically widened at apex; transtilla well sclerotized, straight, spines short, numerous over most of posterior margin, anterior lobed process reinforced with invagination at middle; valva vaguely subrectangular without sclerotized crease, costa straight in basal two-thirds, abruptly curved toward sacculus, sacculus concave and extending beyond margin of valva, pulvinus conspicuous; phallus apparently straight [damaged on slide], cornuti in dense cluster.

Female. Unknown.

Type material. Holotype: Male : GUATEMALA: QUEZALTENANGO: Cerro Zunil, 4000–5000’, viii–ix.1880, G. Champion ( BMNH).

Immature stages. Unknown.

Biology. Unknown.

Remarks. The single adult male was captured in August or September nearly 130 years ago. This species has several autapomorphies not found in congeners, including white spots among the strigulae in the subapical region of the forewing and other pattern elements, and an unusual projection of the sacculus. The uncus is twisted on the genitalia slide, the valvae are torn, and the aedeagus is crushed, further complicating interpretation of the structures. The discovery of the female and additional male specimens may provide the information necessary to clarify its relationship and confirm its placement in Sparganothoides .

Figures

FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 19. S. castanea. 20. S. vinolenta. 21. S. ocrisana. 22. S. xenopsana. 23. S. umbosana. 24. S. probolosana.

FIGURES 61–78. Adults of Sparganothoides. 61. S. hydeana (paratype: USA: NM: Santa Fe County, Little Tesuque Canon, 9200', 27.vii – 10.viii.1932, A. Klots). 62. S. machimiana (USA: AZ: Santa Cruz County, 7 mi. SE Nogales, 1.viii.1991, P. Opler, Y. Hsu and D. Rubinoff). 63 S. laderana (holotype). 64. S. amitana (paratype). 65. S. calthograptana (holotype). 66. S. coloratana (holotype). 67. S. audentiana (holotype). 68. S. canities (paratype). 69. S. teratana (Panama: Cerro Campana, 11–14.vii.1967, O. Flint, Jr.). 70. S. carycrosana (holotype). 71. S. plemmelana (holotype). 72. S. lugens (Mexico: Veracruz: 1 mi. W Fortin, 25.xii.1963 as larva on miscellaneous leaves, emerged 20.ii.1964, C. O'Brien). 73. S. castanea (holotype). 74. S. vinolenta (Mexico: Distrito Federal: La Venta, 22.v.1938, T. Escalante). 75. S. ocrisana (paratype, male: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell, JAP lot 90G14, emerged 6.xi.1990). 76. S. ocrisana (paratype, female: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell). 77. S. xenopsana (holotype). 78. S. umbosana (holotype).